ПИКРИС

ПИКРИС
	Picris hieracioides
Научная классификация
Королевство:	Plantae
Клада :	Трахеофиты
Клада :	Покрытосеменные
Клада :	Eudicots
Клада :	Звездочки
Заказ:	Астералс
Семья:	Asteraceae
Подсемейство:	Chicorioideae
Племя:	Chicoricae
Подтриб:	Hypothahaidinae
Род:	ПИКРИС ; L.
Тип видов
	Picris hieracioides ; L.
Синонимы
	Spitzelia Sch.bip. ; Medicusia Moench ; Hagioseris Boiss. ; Decerera Sch.bip. ;

Picris ( Oxtongues ) - это род цветущих растений в семействе Asteraceae, описанных как род Linnaeus в 1753 году. ^{[ 1 ]}

Виды Picris используются в качестве пищевых растений личинками некоторых видов Lepidoptera , таких как травяная моль Diasemia reticularis . Schinia Cardui подает исключительно на P. hieracioides .

Род широко распространен по всей Европе , Азии , Африке и Австралии . ^{[ 11 ]}^{[ 12 ]}^{[ 13 ]}

Этимология

ПИКРИС от греческих пикров, означающих «горький», в отношении горького вкуса некоторых видов в роде. ^{[ 14 ]}^{[[#CITE_NOTE-FOOTNOTEBRITTONBROWN1913 == Описание == _ ERECT_ANNAUL_TO_PERENNIAL_TAPROOTED_HERBS, _ Sosterly_Branching, _stem_and_leaves_bearing_stiff_bristly_hairs, _with_rather_larger, _usully _ [corymaly_hairs, _with_rather_larger _heads_of_yellow_flowers. '`` Uniq-ref-00000013-qinu`' '' '' `uniq-ref-00000014-qinu`" '' "` uniq-ref-00000014-qinu` "'' '` uniq-ref-00000014-qinu` "' '` `uniq-ref-00000014-qinu`"' '`` uniq-ref-00000014-qinu` "' '` `uniq-ref-00000014-qinu`"' _ == Таксономия == _ === Таксономик_history === _ the_genus _ '' picris '' _firstory_des [Carl_linnaeus | linnaeus]] _ in_1753 '"` uniq-ref-00000015-qinu` "' _with_the_genus_being_accepted_by_a_number_of_secondary_sources_including _ [press_the_world_online]. «` Uniq-ref-00000016-qinu` »'' _linnaeus_initially_described_four_species_with _ '' p._hieracioides '', _ '' p._echioides '', _ '' p._pyrenaica '' 'и _' 'p._asplenioides'. «` Uniq-ref-00000017-qinu` »'' _in_1913, _britton_and_brown_proposed _ '' p._asplenioides '' _ as_the_type_species_for_the_genus. '`Niq-ref-00000018-qinu`"' _subebly, _in_1930, _hitchcock_and_green_alternaly_proposed _ '' p._hieracioides '_ as_type_species. '`Niq-ref-00000019-qinu`' '' _the_hitchcoc | [ 21 ] ]]}

Разновидность

' Источник ^{[ 22 ]}

Цитаты

^ Jump up to: ^а ^{беременный} ^в ^{дюймовый} ^и Linnaeus 1753 , p. 792.
^ " ПИКРИС " . Интегрированная таксономическая информационная система .
^ Таксон 44: 611-612 (1995)
^ Tropicos, Picris L.
^ 1885 иллюстрация от профессора доктора Отто Вильгельм Том Флора из Германии, Австрия и Швейцария в 1885 году, Гера, Германия
^ Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
^ Schultz 1833, p. 725.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Moench 1794, p. 536.
^ Boissier 1849, p. 35.
^ Shultz 1834, p. 479.
^ Flora of China Vol. 20-21 Page 347 毛连菜属 mao lian cai shu Picris Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 792. 1753.
^ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Picris
^ Atlas of Living Australia, search for Picris
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Holzapfel 2015, p. 143.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Britton & Brown 1913, p. 311.
^ Kew Science Plants of the World Online, retrieved 19 July 2020
^ Hitchcock & Green 1930, p. 177.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Lack 1975.
^ Jarvis 1992.
^ "Medicusia Moench". Compositae. The Global Database.
[[#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrittonBrown1913==Description==_Erect_annual_to_perennial_taprooted_herbs,_mostly_branching,_stem_and_leaves_bearing_stiff_bristly_hairs,_with_rather_large,_usually_[[corymbose]]_or_[[paniculate]]_heads_of_yellow_flowers.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000013-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--ref-00000014-QINU`"'_==Taxonomy==_===Taxonomic_history===_The_genus_''Picris''_was_first_validly_described_by_[[Carl_Linnaeus|Linnaeus]]_in_1753'"`UNIQ--ref-00000015-QINU`"'_with_the_genus_being_accepted_by_a_number_of_secondary_sources_including_[[Plants_of_the_World_Online]].'"`UNIQ--ref-00000016-QINU`"'_Linnaeus_initially_described_four_species_with_''P._hieracioides'',_''P._echioides'',_''P._pyrenaica''_and_''P._asplenioides''.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000017-QINU`"'_In_1913,_Britton_and_Brown_proposed_''P._asplenioides''_as_the_type_species_for_the_genus.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"'_Subsequently,_in_1930,_Hitchcock_and_Green_alternatively_proposed_''P._hieracioides''_as_the_type_species.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000019-QINU`"'_The_Hitchcock|^]] Britton & Brown 1913, p. ==Description== Erect annual to perennial taprooted herbs, mostly branching, stem and leaves bearing stiff bristly hairs, with rather large, usually corymbose or paniculate heads of yellow flowers.^[15]^[14] ==Taxonomy== ===Taxonomic history=== The genus Picris was first validly described by Linnaeus in 1753^[1] with the genus being accepted by a number of secondary sources including Plants of the World Online.^[16] Linnaeus initially described four species with P. hieracioides, P. echioides, P. pyrenaica and P. asplenioides.^[1] In 1913, Britton and Brown proposed P. asplenioides as the type species for the genus.^[15] Subsequently, in 1930, Hitchcock and Green alternatively proposed P. hieracioides as the type species.^[17] The Hitchcock and Green proposal was adopted by Lack in 1975 and accepted by Jarvis in 1992.^[18]^[19] Lack argued that Linnaeus never saw P. asplenioides which Linnaeus regarded as an obscure species and no specimen could be found in the Linnean Herbarium.^[18] For this reason Lack concluded that P. hieracioides should be designated as the type species.^[18] In 1794, the German botanist Conrad Moench described the genus Medicusia and the species M. aspera.^[8] This genus has not been accepted and is considered a synonym of Picris. M. aspera has also been determined to be a synonym of P. rhagadioloides.^[20]311.
^ The Plant List search for Picris

General and cited references

Boissier, Edmond (1849). Diagnoses plantarum Orientalium novarum. 1. Vol. 11.
Britton, Nathaniel Lord; Brown, Addison (1913). An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions, from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian. Vol. 3 (2 ed.). New York: Scribner.
Compositae Working Group (CWG) (2020). "Compositae Database". Compositae Working Group (CWG). doi:10.14284/411. Retrieved July 22, 2020. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Hitchcock, A. S.; Green, M. L. (1929). "IV.-Proposal by A.S. Hitchcock (Washington) and M.L. Green (Kew).". International Botanical Congress, Cambridge (England) 1930. London: Printed under the authority of His Majesty's Stationery Office, by Wyman & sons, Ltd., Fetter Lane, London. pp. 111–199.
Jarvis, C.E. (August 1992). Nicolson, Dan H. (ed.). "Seventy-Two Proposals for the Conservation of Types of Selected Linnaean Generic Names, the Report of Subcommittee 3C on the Lectotypification of Linnaean Generic Names". Taxon. 41 (3): 552–583. doi:10.2307/1222833. JSTOR 1222833. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
Lack, H. Walter (February 1975). "Type Specimens of the Linnaean Species of Picris L. (Compositae)". Taxon. 24 (1): 113–116. doi:10.2307/1219007. JSTOR 1219007.
Linnaeus, Carl (1753). Species plantarum : exhibentes plantas rite cognitas ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas (in Latin). Vol. 2. Berlin: Junk.
Moench, Conrad (1794). Methodus plantas horti botanici et agri Marburgensis :a staminum situ describendi (in Latin). Vol. 2. Marburgi Cattorum: in officina nova libraria academiae.
Holzapfel, S. (2015). Flora of Australia (PDF). Mantisalca. Vol. 37. Melbourne: ABRS/CSIRO.
Schultz, Carl Heinrich `Bipontinus' (1833). Flora oder Botanische Zeitung :welche Recensionen, Abhandlungen, Aufsätze, Neuigkeiten und Nachrichten, die Botanik betreffend, enthält (in Latin and German). Vol. 16. Regensburg: Die Gesellschaft.
Schultz, Carl Heinrich `Bipontinus' (1834). Flora oder Botanische Zeitung :welche Recensionen, Abhandlungen, Aufsätze, Neuigkeiten und Nachrichten, die Botanik betreffend, enthält (in Latin and German). Vol. 17. Regensburg: Die Gesellschaft.

[FOOTNOTELinnaeus1753792-1] Jump up to: ^а ^{беременный} ^в ^{дюймовый} ^и Linnaeus 1753 , p. 792.

[ITIS-2] " ПИКРИС " . Интегрированная таксономическая информационная система .

[3] Таксон 44: 611-612 (1995)

[l-4] Tropicos, Picris L.

[5] 1885 иллюстрация от профессора доктора Отто Вильгельм Том Флора из Германии, Австрия и Швейцария в 1885 году, Гера, Германия

[6] Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist

[FOOTNOTESchultz1833725-7] Schultz 1833, p. 725.

[FOOTNOTEMoench1794536-8] Jump up to: ^a ^b Moench 1794, p. 536.

[FOOTNOTEBoissier184935-9] Boissier 1849, p. 35.

[FOOTNOTEShultz1834479-10] Shultz 1834, p. 479.

[11] Flora of China Vol. 20-21 Page 347 毛连菜属 mao lian cai shu Picris Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 792. 1753.

[12] Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Picris

[13] Atlas of Living Australia, search for Picris

[FOOTNOTEHolzapfel2015143-14] Jump up to: ^a ^b Holzapfel 2015, p. 143.

[FOOTNOTEBrittonBrown1913311-15] Jump up to: ^a ^b Britton & Brown 1913, p. 311.

[16] Kew Science Plants of the World Online, retrieved 19 July 2020

[FOOTNOTEHitchcockGreen1930177-17] Hitchcock & Green 1930, p. 177.

[FOOTNOTELack1975-18] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Lack 1975.

[FOOTNOTEJarvis1992-19] Jarvis 1992.

[20] "Medicusia Moench". Compositae. The Global Database.

[FOOTNOTEBrittonBrown1913==Description==_Erect_annual_to_perennial_taprooted_herbs,_mostly_branching,_stem_and_leaves_bearing_stiff_bristly_hairs,_with_rather_large,_usually_[[corymbose]]_or_[[paniculate]]_heads_of_yellow_flowers.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000013-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--ref-00000014-QINU`"'_==Taxonomy==_===Taxonomic_history===_The_genus_''Picris''_was_first_validly_described_by_[[Carl_Linnaeus|Linnaeus]]_in_1753'"`UNIQ--ref-00000015-QINU`"'_with_the_genus_being_accepted_by_a_number_of_secondary_sources_including_[[Plants_of_the_World_Online]].'"`UNIQ--ref-00000016-QINU`"'_Linnaeus_initially_described_four_species_with_''P._hieracioides'',_''P._echioides'',_''P._pyrenaica''_and_''P._asplenioides''.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000017-QINU`"'_In_1913,_Britton_and_Brown_proposed_''P._asplenioides''_as_the_type_species_for_the_genus.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"'_Subsequently,_in_1930,_Hitchcock_and_Green_alternatively_proposed_''P._hieracioides''_as_the_type_species.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000019-QINU`"'_The_Hitchcoc] [[#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrittonBrown1913==Description==_Erect_annual_to_perennial_taprooted_herbs,_mostly_branching,_stem_and_leaves_bearing_stiff_bristly_hairs,_with_rather_large,_usually_[[corymbose]]_or_[[paniculate]]_heads_of_yellow_flowers.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000013-QINU`"''"`UNIQ--ref-00000014-QINU`"'_==Taxonomy==_===Taxonomic_history===_The_genus_''Picris''_was_first_validly_described_by_[[Carl_Linnaeus|Linnaeus]]_in_1753'"`UNIQ--ref-00000015-QINU`"'_with_the_genus_being_accepted_by_a_number_of_secondary_sources_including_[[Plants_of_the_World_Online]].'"`UNIQ--ref-00000016-QINU`"'_Linnaeus_initially_described_four_species_with_''P._hieracioides'',_''P._echioides'',_''P._pyrenaica''_and_''P._asplenioides''.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000017-QINU`"'_In_1913,_Britton_and_Brown_proposed_''P._asplenioides''_as_the_type_species_for_the_genus.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000018-QINU`"'_Subsequently,_in_1930,_Hitchcock_and_Green_alternatively_proposed_''P._hieracioides''_as_the_type_species.'"`UNIQ--ref-00000019-QINU`"'_The_Hitchcock|^]] Britton & Brown 1913, p. ==Description== Erect annual to perennial taprooted herbs, mostly branching, stem and leaves bearing stiff bristly hairs, with rather large, usually corymbose or paniculate heads of yellow flowers.^[15]^[14] ==Taxonomy== ===Taxonomic history=== The genus Picris was first validly described by Linnaeus in 1753^[1] with the genus being accepted by a number of secondary sources including Plants of the World Online.^[16] Linnaeus initially described four species with P. hieracioides, P. echioides, P. pyrenaica and P. asplenioides.^[1] In 1913, Britton and Brown proposed P. asplenioides as the type species for the genus.^[15] Subsequently, in 1930, Hitchcock and Green alternatively proposed P. hieracioides as the type species.^[17] The Hitchcock and Green proposal was adopted by Lack in 1975 and accepted by Jarvis in 1992.^[18]^[19] Lack argued that Linnaeus never saw P. asplenioides which Linnaeus regarded as an obscure species and no specimen could be found in the Linnean Herbarium.^[18] For this reason Lack concluded that P. hieracioides should be designated as the type species.^[18] In 1794, the German botanist Conrad Moench described the genus Medicusia and the species M. aspera.^[8] This genus has not been accepted and is considered a synonym of Picris. M. aspera has also been determined to be a synonym of P. rhagadioloides.^[20]311.

[22] The Plant List search for Picris

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