Верхняя плотина Готванд
| Верхняя плотина Готванд | |
|---|---|
 Верхний готельский водохранилище | |
  Location of Upper Gotvand Dam in Iran | |
| Country | Iran |
| Location | Gotvand, Gotvand County, Khuzestan Province |
| Coordinates | 32°15′58″N 48°56′09″E / 32.26611°N 48.93583°E |
| Status | Operational |
| Construction began | August 2004 |
| Opening date | 2012 |
| Owner(s) | Iran Water & Power Resources Development Co. |
| Dam and spillways | |
| Type of dam | Earthfill dam |
| Impounds | Karun River |
| Height (foundation) | 180 m (591 ft)[1] |
| Length | 760 m (2,493 ft) |
| Width (crest) | 15 m (49 ft) |
| Width (base) | 1,075 m (3,527 ft) |
| Dam volume | 28,500,000 m3 (1.006468002×109 cu ft) |
| Spillways | 4 |
| Spillway type | Service, controlled ogee-type |
| Spillway capacity | 17,500 m3/s (618,007 cu ft/s) |
| Reservoir | |
| Creates | Upper Gotvand Reservoir |
| Total capacity | 4,500,000,000 m3 (3,648,209 acre⋅ft) |
| Catchment area | 32,425 km2 (12,519 sq mi) |
| Surface area | 96.5 km2 (37 sq mi) |
| Power Station | |
| Commission date | 2012 |
| Type | Conventional |
| Turbines | 4 x 250 MW Francis-type |
| Installed capacity | 1,000 MW (currently) 2,000 MW (with phase 2) |
| Annual generation | 4,500 GWh |
Верхняя плотина Готлунд , или просто плотина Готтвэнда ( персидский : سد گتوند بالا), является плотиной насыпной на реке Карун примерно в 12 км (7,5 миль) к северо -востоку от Гоцестана в провинции Хузестан , Иран. В настоящее время он имеет установленную мощность 1000 МВт с еще 1000 МВт в работах для второго этапа. Исследования проекта на реке Карун начались в 1960 -х годах, и специфические дизайны на Верхнем Готванде были представлены в 1967, 1975 и 1982 годах. После выбора проекта и местоположения в 1997 году было проведено дальнейшее исследование. Предварительное строительство (дороги, мосты, мосты. , Diversion River) началась в том же году. Помимо производства гидроэлектростанции , плотина также была нацелена на борьбу с наводнениями. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Река была перенаправлена к апреле 2003 года, и вскоре после этого начались раскопки. После завершения плотины, извлечение ее водохранилища началось 30 июля 2011 года во время церемонии, на которой присутствовал президент Ирана Махмуд Ахмадинежад . Первый генератор первого этапа был заказан 5 мая 2012 года, еще два к 18 сентября 2012 года и финал в ноябре 2012 года. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Ахмадинежад снова присутствовал на инаугурации плотины 22 апреля 2013 года. [6] Phase 2 is estimated to be complete in 2015 and the dam is going to become one of Iran's largest power stations and is already its tallest earth-fill dam.[7][8]
Downstream of the Upper Gotvand Dam is the 22 m (72 ft) high Lower Gotvand Dam at 32°16′32.51″N 48°50′8.52″E / 32.2756972°N 48.8357000°E. Constructed from 1975 to 1977, it serves to divert portions of the river into two canals for the irrigation of 42,000 ha (100,000 acres) of farmland.[9][10]
Objectives of dam construction
[edit]The goals of building this dam are:
- Hydroelectric energy production of 4500 gigawatt hours per year.
- Control of seasonal and destructive Karun river floods.
- Regulation of downstream agricultural water.
- Tourist attractions.[2][3]
Challenges
[edit]Before the water extraction of this dam, one of the important debates and disagreements surrounding the construction of this dam was that in the downstream part of this dam, the ground has salt veins and this can cause the saltiness of the water used by the cities and villages downstream.[11] Engineer Meshkat, a geologist and a member of the team that prepared the geological map of the dam, said that the design team was aware of the problem of the dam lake being located on salt masses. Also, Isa Kalantari, the former head of the Environmental Protection Organization, says: Before the revolution, the Americans examined the Gotvand dam from an environmental point of view and decided to build the dam 15 kilometers higher.[11] He believes that the executors of the Gotvand dam project should be tried for the error in the implementation of this project. He said to the students of Tehran University Geography Faculty and environmental activists: "The salinity of the water below the dam is 5.5 times the salinity of the water in the Persian Gulf, and nothing can be done to solve this problem."[11]
The effect of the Gotvand Dam on the salinity of the Karun River
[edit]Since before and after the water intake of Gotvand Dam, there have been criticisms about the salinization of the water of the Karun River by the lake of this dam due to its location on the Gachsaran formation and its proximity to the salt mountains. These criticisms had caused widespread concerns, and as a result, the dam's water intake had been postponed several times.[12][13]
Theories about dam environmental issues
[edit]- Mehdi Qomshi, professor of water engineering at Chamran University of Ahvaz, says that the Gotvand dam will act like a time bomb.[14]
- In the report related to the water institute of Tehran University, two national mistakes are pointed out: "Determining the axis of the dam without conducting water quality studies" and "Taking water from the dam despite the official opposition of the Environmental Organization and the letter of the National Inspection Organization".[15]
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ "Upper Gotvand Project: Technical Information". Iran Water & Power Resources Development Co. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "خانه - طرح گتوند". 2008-06-04. Archived from the original on 2008-06-04. Retrieved 2024-03-01.
- ^ Jump up to: a b TABNAK, تابناک | (2011-12-15). "همه چیز درباره سد گتوند". fa (in Persian). Retrieved 2024-03-01.
- ^ "News: Third Unit of Gotvand connected to Iran's Power Grid". Iran Water and Power Resources Development Co. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
- ^ "News: Gotvand Hydro Generation More than 1300 GWhr". Iran Water and Power Resources Development Co. 27 April 2013. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
- ^ "News: Gotvand Dam and Hydropower Plant Inaugurated in the Presence of President Ahmadinejad". Iran Water and Power Resources Development Co. 29 April 2013. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
- ^ "Upper Gotvand Project". IWPCO. Retrieved 26 February 2011.
- ^ "News: Iran's Highest Earth-fill Dam Impounded in the Presence of President Ahmadinejad". Iran Water and Power Resources Development Co. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ^ "Susitna Hydroelectric Project" (PDF). Harza Engineering Company. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 January 2015. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
- ^ "Gotvan regulatory barrier" (in Persian). Iran Dam Info. Archived from the original on 20 January 2015. Retrieved 20 January 2015.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "نمک موضوعی چالشی برای ساخت سد گتوند علیا/ آب کارون شورتر می شود". 2011-11-01. Archived from the original on 2011-11-01. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
- ^ "سد گتوند شوری آب کارون را ده برابر خواهد کرد | TRT Persian". 2023-03-11. Archived from the original on 2023-03-11. Retrieved 2024-03-15.
- ^ "بررسیومدلسازیچالشسدگتوندعلیا)هیدرودینامیکوشوریمخزن( وارائة راهکارهایمدیریتی". Archived from the original on 2023-03-11.
- ^ "مشاور استاندار خوزستان: سد گتوند مثل یک بمب ساعتی عمل خواهد کرد". 2023-03-08. Archived from the original on 2023-03-08. Retrieved 2023-12-13.
- ^ "شفاف سازی مهم رئیس موسسه آب دانشگاه تهران در خصوص سد گتوند- اخبار نفت و انرژی - اخبار اقتصادی تسنیم | Tasnim | خبرگزاری تسنیم | Tasnim". 2023-02-09. Archived from the original on 2023-02-09. Retrieved 2023-12-13.
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- Гидроэлектростанции в Иране в Иране
- Плотины в провинции Хузестан
- Плотины завершены в 2012 году
- Плотины на реке Карун
- Заведения 2012 года в Иране
- Энергетическая инфраструктура завершена в 2012 году
- Земля, наполненные плотинами
- ГОТВАНД Округ
- Иранская плотина заглушки
- Гидроэлектростанция заглушки
- Силовая станция заглушки
- Иранские строительные и конструкционные заглушки