Livonia electoral district (Russian Constituent Assembly election, 1917)

Livonia
Livonia
Former Civilian constituency; for the All-Russian Constituent Assembly
Former constituency
Created	1917
Abolished	1918
Number of members	4
Number of Uyezd Electoral Commissions	4
Number of Urban Electoral Commissions	1
Number of Parishes	207
Sources:

The Livonia electoral district (Russian: Лифляндский избирательный округ) was a constituency created for the 1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election. The electoral district covered the Livonia Governorate, as well as the parts of the Courland Governorate not under German occupation.^[3]

97,781 votes (72%) were cast for Social-Democracy of the Latvian Territory, the Bolshevik affiliate organization in Latvia.^[4] Latvia was a Bolshevik stronghold at the time, as only in Latvia did the Social Democrats continue to function as a political party following the waves of repression 1905–1908.^[5] After the February Revolution, the political scene in Riga was similar to that of many other cities in Russia, with Bolsheviks becoming the dominant force in the soviets and competing for power with the moderate socialists and the city duma. By May 1917 the Bolsheviks had emerged as the main political force of Latvian Riflemen's soviet. Gradually the Bolsheviks began to dominate Riga, but on September 3, 1917 German troops seized control of the city.^[6] In September 1917 the Bolsheviks had some 12,000 members in Latvia, the Mensheviks had 2,600.^[5]

Results

At the time of the election the city of Riga was under German occupation so no vote took place there. Some 9,000 votes were missing from the accounted vote tally according to U.S. historian Oliver Henry Radkey (whose account forms the basis of the results' table below).^[7] Radkey's carries the same totals as a resolution of the District Election Commission adopted November 26, 1917, reported in the Bolshevik organ Cīņa; which noted that all precincts in Kreis Wolmar had reported, the tallies of 4 precincts in Kreis Wenden were missing, 2 precincts in Kreis Walk were missing and 11 out of 16 precincts in Kreis Riga reporting.^[8]

Party	Kreis Riga & Kreis Wenden	%	Kreis Walk	%	Kreis Wolmar	%	Total	%
List 3 - Social-Democracy of the Latvian Territory	29,728	67.31	35,487	71.55	32,566	76.96	97,781	71.86
List 1- Lettish Peasants Union	11,791	26.70	11,204	22.59	8,258	19.52	31,253	22.97
List 2 - Mensheviks	2,650	6.00	2,906	5.86	1,490	3.52	7,046	5.18
Total:	44,169		35,487		42,314		136,080

^[9]^[8]

**Deputies Elected**
Goldmanis	Lettish Peasant Union
Berzin	SD of Latvian Territory
Peterson	SD of Latvian Territory
Rozin	SD of Latvian Territory

^[8]^[10]

References

^ И. С. Малчевский (1930). Всероссийское учредительное собрание. Гос изд-во. pp. 140–142.
^ Б. Ф Додонов; Е. Д Гринько; О. В.. Лавинская (2004). Журналы заседаний Временного правительства: Сентябрь-октябрь 1917 года. РОССПЭН. pp. 206–208.
^ Татьяна Евгеньевна Новицкая (1991). Учредительное собрание: Россия 1918 : стенограмма и другие документы. Недра. p. 13.
^ Oliver Henry Radkey (1989). Russia goes to the polls: the election to the all-Russian Constituent Assembly, 1917. Cornell University Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-8014-2360-4.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Liliana Riga (12 November 2012). The Bolsheviks and the Russian Empire. Cambridge University Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-1-107-01422-0.
^ Laura Engelstein (2018). Russia in Flames: War, Revolution, Civil War, 1914-1921. Oxford University Press. p. 297. ISBN 978-0-19-979421-8.
^ Oliver Henry Radkey (1989). Russia goes to the polls: the election to the all-Russian Constituent Assembly, 1917. Cornell University Press. pp. 161–163. ISBN 978-0-8014-2360-4.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Латвияс КП ЦК Партияс вēстурес инститьūц (1963). Коммунистическая партия Латвии в Октябрьской революции 1917: документы и материалы (март 1917 - февраль 1918 г.). Латвийское гос. изд-во. pp. 546–547.
^ Oliver Henry Radkey (1989). Russia goes to the polls: the election to the all-Russian Constituent Assembly, 1917. Cornell University Press. pp. 148–160. ISBN 978-0-8014-2360-4.
^ Лев Григорьевич Протасов (2008). Люди Учредительного собрания: портрет в интерьере эпохи. РОССПЭН. ISBN 978-5-8243-0972-0.

[Малчевский1930-140-142-1] И. С. Малчевский (1930). Всероссийское учредительное собрание. Гос изд-во. pp. 140–142.

[2] Б. Ф Додонов; Е. Д Гринько; О. В.. Лавинская (2004). Журналы заседаний Временного правительства: Сентябрь-октябрь 1917 года. РОССПЭН. pp. 206–208.

[Новицкая1991-3] Татьяна Евгеньевна Новицкая (1991). Учредительное собрание: Россия 1918 : стенограмма и другие документы. Недра. p. 13.

[Radkey1989-35-4] Oliver Henry Radkey (1989). Russia goes to the polls: the election to the all-Russian Constituent Assembly, 1917. Cornell University Press. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-8014-2360-4.

[Riga2012-5] Jump up to: ^a ^b Liliana Riga (12 November 2012). The Bolsheviks and the Russian Empire. Cambridge University Press. p. 155. ISBN 978-1-107-01422-0.

[Engelstein2018-6] Laura Engelstein (2018). Russia in Flames: War, Revolution, Civil War, 1914-1921. Oxford University Press. p. 297. ISBN 978-0-19-979421-8.

[Radkey1989-161-163-7] Oliver Henry Radkey (1989). Russia goes to the polls: the election to the all-Russian Constituent Assembly, 1917. Cornell University Press. pp. 161–163. ISBN 978-0-8014-2360-4.

[инститьūц1963-8] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Латвияс КП ЦК Партияс вēстурес инститьūц (1963). Коммунистическая партия Латвии в Октябрьской революции 1917: документы и материалы (март 1917 - февраль 1918 г.). Латвийское гос. изд-во. pp. 546–547.

[Radkey1989-e-9] Oliver Henry Radkey (1989). Russia goes to the polls: the election to the all-Russian Constituent Assembly, 1917. Cornell University Press. pp. 148–160. ISBN 978-0-8014-2360-4.

[Протасов2008-10] Лев Григорьевич Протасов (2008). Люди Учредительного собрания: портрет в интерьере эпохи. РОССПЭН. ISBN 978-5-8243-0972-0.

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v t e Electoral Districts of the 1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election
Northern/Northwestern	Arkhangelsk Olonets Vologda Petrograd Metropolis Petrograd Pskov Novgorod
Baltic/White Russian	Estonia Livonia Vitebsk Minsk Mogilev Smolensk
Central Industrial	Moscow Metropolis Moscow Tver Yaroslavl Kostroma Vladimir Kaluga Tula
Central Black Earth	Ryazan Oryol Kursk Voronezh Tambov Penza
Volga	Nizhni Novgorod Simbirsk Kazan Samara Saratov Astrakhan
Kama-Ural	Vyatka Perm Ufa Orenburg
Ukraine	Kiev Volynia Podolia Chernigov Poltava Kharkov Yekaterinoslav Kherson
Southern-Black Sea/Southeastern	Bessarabia Taurida Don Cossack Region Stavropol
Caucasus	Kuban-Black Sea Ter-Dagestan Pricaspian Transcaucasus
Turkestan	Horde Uralsk Turgai Transcaspian Samarkand Amu Darya Syr Darya Fergana Semirechie
Siberia	Tobolsk Steppes Tomsk Altai Yenisei Irkutsk Transbaikal Priamur Chinese Eastern Railroad Yakutsk Kamchatka
Military districts	Baltic Fleet Black Sea Fleet Northern Front Western Front South-Western Front Romanian Front Caucasian Front Russian forces in France and the Balkans