Иоганн Габриэль Доппельмайр
Иоганн Габриэль Доппельмайр (27 сентября 1677 г. - 1 декабря 1750 года) был немецким математиком , астроном и картографом . (Его фамилия также пишется двойник и двойник .)
Профессиональная жизнь и публикации
[ редактировать ]Он родился в Нюрнберге , сын купца Иоганна Зигмунда Доппельмайра. В 1689 году он поступил в Эгидиен-Гимназию в Нюрнберге, а затем в Университет Альтдорфа в 1696 году. Его исследования включали математику, физику и юриспруденцию . Позже он продолжил учебу в Галле [ 1 ] и закончил в 1698 году с диссертацией на солнце .
Во время обучения в Университете Галле он также выучил французский и итальянский . Отказавшись от своих юридических исследований, он затем провел два года, путешествуя и учились в Германии, Голландии и Англии, проводя время в Утрехте , Лейдене , Оксфорде и Лондоне , в течение которых он научился говорить по -французски, итальянски и по -английски. [ 2 ] Он продолжал изучать астрономию и научился измельчить и разрабатывать свои собственные линзы телескопа. [ 2 ]
His career was academic, and he became professor of mathematics at the Aegidien-Gymnasium from 1704 until his death. He is not noted for any discoveries, but he did publish several works of a scientific nature. His publications covered topics on mathematics and astronomy, including sundials, spherical trigonometry, and celestial maps and globes. One of his works also included useful biographical information on several hundred mathematicians and instrument makers of Nuremberg.
Doppelmayr developed a close relationship with the Dominican friar and cartographer Johann Batist Homann, the founder of a famous cartographic publishing firm.[2] In the early 1700s, Doppelmayr prepared a number of astronomical plates that had appeared in Homann's atlases, which in 1742 were collected and issued as the Atlas Coelestis in quo Mundus Spectabilis... The atlas contained 30 plates, 20 of which treated astronomical themes and historical development, including Copernicus's and Tycho Brahe's cosmological systems, illustration of planetary motion and the Solar System, and a detail of the Moon's surface based on telescopic advances.[2] The remaining ten plates were actual star charts, including hemispheres centered on the equatorial poles.[2] Two other plates were hemispheres centered on the ecliptic poles with an external orientation (i.e., representing the stars as if seen from the outside looking in, as opposed to from the perspective of an earth observer, the preferred orientation for modern celestial maps), featuring contemporary illustrations of European observatories, which Doppelmayr visited during his travels.[2]
Personal life
[edit]Doppelmayr married Susanna Maria Kellner in 1716. The couple had four children of whom one survived. Doppelmayr became a member of several scientific societies, notably the Berlin Academy, the Royal Society in 1733, and the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1740).
Legacy
[edit]The crater Doppelmayer on the Moon was named after him by Johann Hieronymus Schröter in 1791. The minor planet 12622 Doppelmayr is also named in his honour.
References
[edit]- ^ Ralf Kern. Wissenschaftliche Instrumente in ihrer Zeit. Vol. 3. Cologne, 2010. p. 243.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Kanas, Nick (2012). History, Artistry, and Cartography (Second ed.). Chichester, U.K.: Praxis Publishing. pp. 209–210. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0917-5. ISBN 978-1-4614-0916-8. S2CID 239353025.
External links
[edit]- Galileo Project entry.
- The Atlas Coelestis (1742) of Johann Gabriel Doppelmayr.
- Atlas Coelestis Archived 2018-09-17 at the Wayback Machine, Norimbergae, Heredi Homannianorum: 1742. Full digital facsimile at Linda Hall Library.
- Атлас Небесный Нормберга 1742 Дайте www.atcoelestis.com
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