Франческо Делла Валье

Франческо Делла Вэлле (Пуччианел- Касерта , 2 февраля 1858-27 июля 1937 г.) был итальянским врачом и генералом, который занимал должность генерального директора по военному здоровью с 1920 по 1925 год.

Жизнь

Военная карьера

После окончания в 1883 году Делла Вэлле присоединилась к службе здравоохранения , а в 1888 году, когда он был молодым лейтенантом, он был назначен в министерство войны. Делла Валье провел большую часть своей карьеры в корпусе, приобретая обширные навыки в организации системы здравоохранения Королевской армии и профилактической медицины среди войск. ^{[ 1 ]}

Начало периода войны

В начале Первой мировой войны Делла Вэлле отвечала за военное здравоохранение Верховного мобилизованного командования в качестве медицинского полковника, откуда он руководил усилиями, чтобы не отставать от драматического ежедневного увеличения потребностей сил в Фронт. По его словам:

it was a matter of coordinating and directing the entire medical resources of the country for the war, of utilizing men and things as much as possible for the proper execution of the service, with sufficient guarantees of breadth and technical capacity.^[2]

From mid 1915, Della Valle was a member of the Vigilance Commission set up by the General Intendency of the Supreme Command for "the need to activate and integrate the prophylactic services", facilitating interaction between civil and military health authorities in the fight against infectious diseases in war zones.^[3] This interaction often resulted in so much difficulty Della Valle said; "it must be considered that no service was as much in contrast with the action of the Command as the health service because of its tyrannical requirements for war".^[4] He acknowledging the impossibility of making accurate diagnoses of unconfirmed types of tuberculosis during the expeditious medical examinations for recruitment.^[5]

War Period

On 9 September 1917, Francesco Della Valle was promoted to Major General for his outstanding merits.^[6] The Italian military medical system, under his coordination, "had to manage the transport, care and hospitalization of over two and a half million wounded and sick people, making use of the Military Health Corps and the Italian Red Cross apparatus (medical personnel and 'Dames of the Red Cross') assisted by voluntary nurses from welfare committees such as those of the Knights of Malta, the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus and the Jesuits"^[7] In 41 months of the war. In his role, Della Valle contributed to the development of the health chain for the triage and sorting of the wounded from the battlefront to the most-suitable hospitals of different capacities, to the introduction of surgical ambulances—mobile operating rooms of the army run by highly trained doctors, that were equipped with several tents and vehicles—to the interaction between the military and civilian health systems, and to the establishment of the Università Castrense^[8] in San Giorgio di Nogaro (UD) for the emergency training of a large number of military doctors needed to assist the wounded.^[9]

During the war period, in addition to the recalled organizational and innovative action, Francesco Della Valle contributed to encouraging the establishment of consultancies or specialized sections in military hospitals in the war zone, trying to overcome the vision of war medicine as capables à tout faire.^[10] He paid particular attention to the containment of castrensi epidemics and, more generally, to the problem of infectious diseases on the front line that would inevitably affect civil society and territorial public health.

Della Valle was active in fighting the cholera epidemic of the First World War;^[11] he was awarded the silver medal for public health merits in 1916; and in the use of hospitals and convalescence warehouses for the isolation of sick people suffering from or suspected of carrying infectious diseases despite considerable difficulties related to the frequent clearing of health facilities due to the needs of operations in war zones.^[12] In 1917, he introduced typhoid vaccinations for mobilized troops.^[13]

Post-war period

From 1920 to 1925, once Della Valle was promoted to lieutenant general, he headed the newly established General Directorate of Military Health promoting the reorganization of the Army's health system that emerged from the Great War. In this role position, Della Valle organized and chaired the 2nd International Congress of Military Medicine and Pharmacy^[14] in Rome in 1923, gaining an appreciation for the preparation of the event, and the quantity and quality of the scientific papers presented.^[15]

It was an emblematic review of how the war had pushed medicine to improve and experiment, intervention techniques, hygiene and organizational practices and vaccination practices. From 1920, Della Valle was an ordinary academician of the Royal Medical Academy of Rome, and from 1923 he was also the honorary president of the Permanent International Military Health Committee.^[16]

Della Valle paid attention and care, especially during and after the war, to bear witness to the activity and sacrifice of military doctors, career and complementary officers, and health assistants who died, were wounded and disabled in the war, including diseases contracted during military service. In the years following the end of the war, he was also the president of the Committee for the celebration of doctors who died in the war; in this position, Della Valle promoted and followed, entrusting the coordination to the Medical Captain Federico Bocchetti – a two-year project for the collection of documents and testimonies, which in 1924 resulted in the publication of the 'Libro d'oro. I medici italiani ai loro eroi'.^[17]

The last institutional position fulfilled by Francesco Della Valle was that of the president of the Superior Commission for War Pensions, which he held until 1 February 1933.^[18]

Honors and awards

War Merit Cross
Grand Officer of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
Knight of the Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Italy
Commemorative medal of the Italo-Austrian War (1915-1918)
Silver Medal for public health merits
Maurician Medal of merit for fifty years of military career
Magistral Knight of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta

Gallery

War Merit Cross
Grand Officer of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus
Mauritian Medal of merit for fifty years of military career
Knight of the Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Italy
Commemorative medal of the Italo-Austrian War
Silver Medal for public health merits UP
Magistral Knight of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta

Bibliography

Boschi G., La guerra e le arti sanitarie, Milano, Mondadori, pp. 160, 166-167, 175-176.
De Napoli D., La Sanità Militare in Italia durante la I Guerra Mondiale, Roma, editrice APES, pp. 70,78.
Donelli G. e Di Carlo V., La sanità pubblica italiana negli anni a cavallo della Prima Guerra Mondiale, Roma, Armando editore, pp. 198–199.
Formigine A. F., Chi è – Dizionario degli italiani d'oggi, https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000528002, Roma, Formigine editore, 1936, p. 305.
Galasso M., https://www.difesa.it/GiornaleMedicina/Pagine/LaSanitaMilitareNellaGrandeGuerra.aspx, 24 May 2015.
Marmo F., Vincenzo Iura: l'uomo, il soldato, il medico, (La sanità Militare durante la Prima Guerra Mondiale), https://www.difesa.it/GiornaleMedicina/Pagine/PremioVincenzoIURA.aspx, 2013, p. 16.
Отчеты о Втором международном конгрессе военной медицины и фармации, в военной медицине Giornale, 1923, с. 241–386.
Генеральный доктор лейтенанта Франческо Делла Валье , газета военной медицины, 1937, с. 684–688.
Урбино Ф.Г. и Урбино П., Военное здоровье в Великой войне , в связи с национальным конгрессом Итальянского общества медицины, Флоренция, 14 июня 1998 года.

Ссылки

^ Журнал военной медицины, 1937, с. 684-5.
^ Журнал военной медицины, 1937, с. 685
^ Де Наполи Д., Военное здоровье ... , с.70.
^ Де Наполи Д., Военное здоровье ... , с.78.
^ Donelli G. и Di Carlo V., общественное здравоохранение ... , стр. 198-199.
^ Журнал военной медицины, 1937, с.685.
^ Галассо М., 2015.
^ "Касстраенсский университет" .
^ Галассо М., 2015.
^ Boschi G., война ... , стр. 175-176.
^ Boschi G., война ... , с. 160.
^ Boschi G., война ... , стр. 166-167.
^ Marmo F., https://www.difesa.it/giornamedicina/documents/08_2013/premio_vincenzo_iura/baragiano_presentazione_genmormo.pdf , p. 16
^ Второй Международный конгресс военной медицины и фармации, 1923.
^ Журнал военной медицины, 1937, с. 687.
^ Журнал военной медицины, 1937, с. 688.
^ Урбино Ф.Г. и Урбино П., военное здоровье ... , 1998.
^ Журнал военной медицины, 1937, с. 687.

Внешние ссылки

1. Сражаться, лечить, инструктировать - падуа «столица на фронте» и университет Кастренса. 19 октября 2018 /6 января 2019 г. - Музей истории медицины Падуя Мусме. Тематическая выставка, продвигаемая Департаментом культуры муниципалитета Падуи и Фонда Мушме ( https://www.musme.it/combatte-curre-strire/ и https://padovacultura.padovanet.it/ttivita-cultururali /сражение в сфере )

[1] Журнал военной медицины, 1937, с. 684-5.

[2] Журнал военной медицины, 1937, с. 685

[3] Де Наполи Д., Военное здоровье ... , с.70.

[4] Де Наполи Д., Военное здоровье ... , с.78.

[5] Donelli G. и Di Carlo V., общественное здравоохранение ... , стр. 198-199.

[6] Журнал военной медицины, 1937, с.685.

[7] Галассо М., 2015.

[8] "Касстраенсский университет" .

[9] Галассо М., 2015.

[10] Boschi G., война ... , стр. 175-176.

[11] Boschi G., война ... , с. 160.

[12] Boschi G., война ... , стр. 166-167.

[13] Marmo F., https://www.difesa.it/giornamedicina/documents/08_2013/premio_vincenzo_iura/baragiano_presentazione_genmormo.pdf , p. 16

[14] Второй Международный конгресс военной медицины и фармации, 1923.

[15] Журнал военной медицины, 1937, с. 687.

[16] Журнал военной медицины, 1937, с. 688.

[17] Урбино Ф.Г. и Урбино П., военное здоровье ... , 1998.

[18] Журнал военной медицины, 1937, с. 687.

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