Балдуин однозначно
| Балдуин однозначно | |
|---|---|
| |
| Две цветочные головы Balduina Uniflora и одна незрелая цветочная голова. | |
Научная классификация 
| |
| Королевство: | Plantae |
| Клада : | Трахеофиты |
| Клада : | Покрытосеменные |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | Balduina |
| Species: | B. uniflora
|
| Binomial name | |
| Balduina uniflora | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Balduina Uniflora , обычно называемая Hoteflower Honeycombhead , [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Саванна сотовая голова [ 4 ] или Oneflower Balduina , [ 5 ] является североамериканским видом растений в семействе подсолнечников . Он родом из юго -восточных Соединенных Штатов ( Луизиана , Флорида , Джорджия , Алабама , Миссисипи , Южная Каролина , Северная Каролина ). [ 6 ] Это тип вида рода Balduina . [ 7 ]
Balduina Uniflora - многолетняя трава с разветвленными стеблями. Каждое растение имеет 1-4 цветочных головок , каждая с 8-22 цветами желтого луча и 50-180 оранжевых или желтых цветов диска . Вид растет во влажных раковинах [ 4 ] и саванны , [ 8 ] а также районы водно -болотных угодий и на краях болот [ 7 ] [ 2 ] и имеет тенденцию происходить во влажных дренажных канавах и на дорогах. [ 4 ]
Описание
[ редактировать ]Balduina Uniflora является многолетним травянистым растением и может вырасти до 0,4 до 1 метра в высоту. [ 7 ] [ 3 ] Он имеет волокнистые корни и прямые стебли, а стебли ребризированы. [ 4 ] Стебли также имеют тенденцию быть разветвленными, за исключением тех, кто несет цветочные головы. [ 7 ] Листья, стебли, инволюции и цветоносы являются зелеными и опушенными, за исключением дна листьев, которые могут быть голыми или только с редкими волосами. [9] Leaves are alternate and tend to be clustered at the base of the plant, getting smaller and more sparse as they reach the apex.[9]
Like other members of family Asteraceae, the "flowers" of this species are actually inflorescences called flower heads, composed of hundreds of individual flowers.[10] The inflorescence has many bracts at its base forming a green bell-shaped or hemispheric involucre.[11] The yellow petal-like ray florets are sterile and tend to have 3-5 lobes at the edge.[11] The more central disc florets are perfect, containing several arrow-shaped stamen as well as a pistil made up of two ovaries.[7] Each pistil has a yellow[9] two-branched style which extends out of the floret.[7] The plant gets its name from characteristic honeycomb-like bract structures (chaff[11]) most visible at fruit maturity.[7]
Also like others in the Asteraceae family, B. uniflora bears achene-like cypselae: dry, indehiscent fruits with a single seed that develops from the two carpals of the flower.[9][10] This fruit is generally 1.3-2.2mm in length.[9]
This species differs from others in the genus Balduina by its wider corolla rays,[7] larger pollen grains,[7] and by having chromosome arrangement of n=36 rather than n=18 in other species.[7]
Cultivation
[edit]Balduina uniflora is not usually a commercially available species, but may be grown from seeds for ornamental purposes in native wildflower gardens.[4] The species prefers wet and boggy soils as well as high levels of sunlight.[4]
Possible polyploidy
[edit]A 1975 study of Balduina conducted by Earl S. Parker and Samuel B. Jones[7] found a chromosomal arrangement of n=36 in B. uniflora collected across 16 different areas, which differed from the n=18 arrangement of the other two species in the Balduina genus, leading to the theory that the species is a widespread polyploid.[7] No assumptions as to whether this chromosomal arrangement was allopolyploid or autopolyploid in origin were made.[7]
Ecology
[edit]Balduina uniflora is currently not listed by the IUCN Red List.[12]
This species is listed by the NatureServe organization as "Apparently Secure (S4)" nationwide,[5] but as "Vulnerable (S3)" and "Imperiled (S2)" in North and South Carolina, respectively.[5]
This species is not known to be invasive in any U.S. State.[2]
References
[edit]- ^ The Plant List, Balduina uniflora Nutt.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Balduina uniflora". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 28 May 2015.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Plants of Louisiana". warcapps.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2020-04-02.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f "Balduina uniflora - Species Page - APA: Alabama Plant Atlas". floraofalabama.org. Retrieved 2020-04-17.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "NatureServe Explorer 2.0". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 2020-04-17.
- ^ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Parker, Earl S.; Jones, Samuel B. (October 1975). "A Systematic Study of the Genus Balduina (Compositae, Heliantheae)". Brittonia. 27 (4): 355. doi:10.2307/2805514. ISSN 0007-196X. JSTOR 2805514. S2CID 29723871.
- ^ Flora of North America, Balduina uniflora Nuttall, Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 175. 1818.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Balduina uniflora - FNA". beta.floranorthamerica.org. Retrieved 2020-04-17.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Asteraceae | plant family". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-04-17.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Radford, Albert E.; Ahles, Harry E.; Bell, C. Ritchie (2010). Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-9884-0. OCLC 951808313.
- ^ "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2020-04-16.