Вильгельм II де Ла Марк
Вильгельм II де ла Марк ( Люммен , 1542 — епископство Льежа , 1 мая 1578) (голландский: Виллем II ван дер Марк ) был лордом Люмея и первоначально адмиралом Ватергезена , так называемых «морских нищих», сражавшихся в Восьмидесятилетняя война (1568–1648), вместе с другими Вильгельмом Безмолвным , принцем Оранским-Нассау. Он был правнуком столь же печально известного персонажа, барона Уильяма де ла Марка кабан , по прозвищу « Арденнский ».
1 апреля 1572 года — в день взятия Бриэлли — « Морских нищих» возглавлял Де ла Марк и два его капитана, Виллем Блойс ван Треслонг и Ленарт Янс де Грефф . [1] После того как они были изгнаны из Англии Елизаветой I, им нужно было место, где можно было бы укрыть свои 25 кораблей. [2] Направляясь к Брилю, они с удивлением узнали, что испанский гарнизон ушел, чтобы разобраться с проблемами в Утрехте . Вечером 1 апреля 600 человек разграбили незащищенный порт. [3]
A Calvinist, who opposed Catholicism, on 9 July 1572 he had executed the Martyrs of Gorkum, 19 Dutch Catholic priests and religious who were ultimately canonized in 1865. Their crime was their refusal to abandon their belief in the Blessed Sacrament and in papal supremacy, even under torture. Lumey's action was contrary to orders he received from William the Silent.[4] Он также сыграл роль в убийстве Корнелиса Мусиуса .
Having conquered South-Holland and controlling North-Holland and Zeeland, on 20 June 1572 Lumey was appointed stadtholder of Holland and consequently Captain General, i.e. military Commander in Chief of the conquered territories. It has never been evidenced that Lumey recognized either the authority or the seniority of the Prince of Orange, who was eventually recognized as the leader of the Low Countries' uprising against the King Philip II of Spain.
In 1576 Lumey was banned from the Netherlands, either by the States of Holland or the Prince of Orange. He is said to have participated in the lost Battle of Gembloux against the Spanish. He went back to his homeland, the Bishopric of Liège, where on 1 May 1578 he died in his residence on Mont-Saint-Martin. There are two different accounts offered for the circumstances of his death, one that he died of the bite of a mad dog or that he was poisoned while in prison.[5]
There is evidence that the earthly remains of William van der Marck are stowed away in a casket, that is bricked up in the Arenberg-family crypt under the former Capuchin Monastery Church at Enghien, today located in Belgium.
In popular culture
[edit]
- He is featured as a recurring character in the Dutch comic series Gilles de Geus by Hanco Kolk and Peter de Wit.
- He also appears in Cecelia Holland's historical novel "The Sea Beggars", who changed some of the details of his life.
- Two streets in the Geuzenwijk in Utrecht have been named after him: Lumeystraat en Van der Marckstraat. Streets in Rotterdam and The Hague have also been named after him.
References
[edit]- ^ De Opstand 1568-1648: De strijd in de Zuidelijke en Noordelijke Nederlanden, by Arnout van Cruyningen
- ^ Elliot, p. 139
- ^ Elliott, p. 140
- ^ Albers, Petrus Henricus. "The Martyrs of Gorkum" in The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company (1909). Accessed 9 July 2013.
- ^ Spalding, John (1875). "The History of the Protestant Reformation in Germany and Switzerland". Book. John Murphy & Company. p. 344.
Источники
[ редактировать ]- Эллиотт, Джон Хакстейбл (2000). Разделенная Европа, 1559–1598 (2-е изд.). Оксфорд: Издательство Блэквелл. ISBN 0-631-21780-0 .
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