Американский российский институт

Американский российский институт
Американо-русский институт
Учредил	1930
Растворяется	Конец 1940 -х годов
Тип	Некоммерческая организация
Юридический статус	Растворяется
Фокус	Культурные отношения, обмен знаниями, гуманитарная помощь
Расположение	Нью -Йорк, Нью -Йорк, США ;
Ключевые люди	Эдвард С. Картер, Генри Х. Коллинз -младший.

Американский российский институт (ари; русский: Айрикано-Рускский Инштиот) была американской публичной организацией, созданной для развития культурных связей с Советским Союзом. Основанный в 1930 году в Нью-Йорке, он был тесно связан с Советским Союзом Обществом культурных отношений с зарубежными странами (VOKS) и получало из него материалы для распределения в Соединенных Штатах. ARI организовали лекции, отчеты, концерты, выставки и показы советских фильмов, среди прочего, чтобы ознакомить американцев с жизнью в СССР.

История

Предшественники и основатель

Предшественник Ари, работающий с 1927 по 1930 год, был Американским обществом культурных отношений с Советским Союзом. Эта более ранняя организация заложила основу для усилий по культурному обмену, на которые ARI впоследствии расширится.

Американский российский институт был официально создан в 1930 году в Нью -Йорке. В начале 1930 -х годов филиалы института начали работать в Сан -Франциско и Лос -Анджелесе, в значительной степени функционируя. К 1931 году организация насчитывала около 1200 членов, что указывает на значительный интерес к советско-американским культурным отношениям в течение этого периода.

Activities and Growth

The ARI engaged in a wide range of activities aimed at promoting understanding between the United States and the Soviet Union:

1. Lectures and Reports: The institute organized talks on various aspects of Soviet life, politics, and culture.

2. Concerts: Musical events featuring Soviet compositions or performers were held to showcase Russian cultural achievements.

3. Exhibitions: Art and cultural exhibitions were organized to display Soviet visual arts and crafts.

4. Film Screenings: The ARI showed Soviet films, providing Americans with a visual glimpse into life in the USSR.

5. Publication: The organization published a quarterly journal titled "American Quarterly of the Soviet Union," which served as a platform for in-depth articles on Soviet affairs.

These activities were designed to provide Americans with a more nuanced understanding of the Soviet Union during a time of limited direct cultural exchange between the two nations.

Cold War Era and Controversy

The political climate in the United States shifted dramatically in the post-World War II era, which had significant implications for organizations like the ARI:

1. In 1947, U.S. Attorney General Thomas C. Clark issued a determination classifying the organization as a "front" for subversive communist activities.

2. In 1948, under President Harry Truman's Executive Order 9835, the ARI was included in the Attorney General's List of Subversive Organizations. This listing effectively branded the ARI as a potential threat to national security.

3. During this period, Henry H. Collins Jr. served as the executive director of the organization. Collins was suspected of involvement in a communist spy network known as the "Ware Group," which further complicated the ARI's position during the intensifying Red Scare.

Decline and Dissolution

The classification of the ARI as a subversive organization marked the beginning of its decline. While the exact date of its dissolution is not specified, it is clear that the organization ceased operations by the late 1940s or early 1950s, unable to continue its mission in the face of intense governmental scrutiny and public suspicion.

Legacy and Impact

The American Russian Institute played a significant role in Soviet-American cultural relations during its active years:

1. Cultural Exchange: Despite its controversial later years, the ARI facilitated substantial cultural exchange, including the transfer of tens of thousands of books and cultural materials between the U.S. and USSR.

2. Public Education: Through its various activities, the ARI provided Americans with information about Soviet life at a time when such information was often scarce or filtered through political lenses.

3. Historical Perspective: The story of the ARI offers valuable insights into the complexities of maintaining cultural ties during periods of political tension.

4. Cold War Studies: The organization's experiences provide a case study for researchers examining the impact of anti-communist policies on civil society organizations in the United States.

Внешние ссылки

Американский российский институт (Сан -Франциско)

Смотрите также

Ссылки