Пол Готлиб Нипков

Пол Готлиб Нипков
Пол Готлиб Нипков
	Nipkow c. 1884
Рожденный	22 августа 1860 г. ; Лауэнбург , Королевство Пруссия
Умер	24 августа 1940 г. (в возрасте 80 лет) ; Berlin, Germany
Nationality	German
Occupation	Engineer
	Engineering career
Projects	Nipkow disk
Significant advance	Television

Пол Юлиус Готлиб Нипков (22 августа 1860 - 24 августа 1940 года) был немецким техником и изобретателем . Он изобрел диск Nipkow , который заложил основу телевидения , поскольку его диск был фундаментальным компонентом в первых телевизорах. ^{[ 1 ]} Сотни станций экспериментировали с телевизионным вещанием, используя его диск в 1920-х и 1930-х годах, пока он не был заменен полностью электронными системами в 1940-х годах.

Нипков был назван «Отцом телевидения», ^{[ 2 ]}^{[ 3 ]} Вместе с другими ранними цифрами истории телевидения, такими как Карл Фердинанд Браун .

Первая обычная телевизионная служба в мире, Фернсехендер Пол Нипков , был назван в его честь. ^{[ 4 ]}

Начало

Nipkow родился в Лауэнбурге (ныне Lębork) в прусской провинции Померании , которая сейчас является частью Польши. Находясь в школе в соседнем Неустадте (ныне Wejherowo), в провинции Западная Пруссия , Нипков экспериментировал в телефонии и передаче движущихся картинок. После окончания учебы он отправился в Берлин, чтобы изучать науку. Он изучал физиологическую оптику с Германом фон Хельмгольц и электрофизика с Адольфом Слэби .

Nipkow disk

Nipkow's 'disc' from the patent application of 1884

While still a student he conceived an "electric telescope", mainly known for the idea of using a spiral-perforated disk (Nipkow disk), to divide a picture into a linear sequence of points. Accounts of its invention state that the idea came to him while sitting alone at home with an oil lamp on Christmas Eve, 1883. Alexander Bain had transmitted images telegraphically in the 1840s but the Nipkow disk improved the encoding process.

He applied to the imperial patent office in Berlin for a patent covering an "electric telescope" for the "electric reproduction of illuminating objects", in the category "electric apparatuses". This was granted on 15 January 1885, retroactive to 6 January 1884. It is not known whether Nipkow ever attempted a practical realization of this disk, but one may assume that he himself never constructed one. The patent lapsed after 15 years owing to lack of interest. Nipkow took up a position as a designer at an institute in Berlin-Buchloh and did not continue work on the broadcasting of pictures.

First TV systems

The first television broadcasts used an optical-mechanical picture scanning method, the method that Nipkow had helped create with his disk; he could claim credit for the invention. Nipkow recounted his first sight of television at a Berlin radio show in 1928: "The televisions stood in dark cells. Hundreds stood and waited patiently for the moment at which they would see television for the first time. I waited among them, growing ever more nervous. Now for the first time, I would see what I had devised 45 years ago. Finally, I reached the front row; a dark cloth was pushed to the side, and I saw before me a flickering image, not easy to discern." The system demonstrated was from the company Telefunken.^[5]

From the early 1930s, total electronic picture scanning, based on the work of Manfred von Ardenne, became increasingly prevalent, and Nipkow's invention was no longer essential to the further development of television.^[5]

"Paul Nipkow" Transmitter

The world's first regular television service, started in Berlin in 1935, was named Fernsehsender "Paul Nipkow" after Nipkow – the "spiritual father" of the core element of first-generation television technology.^[4] He became honorary president of the "television council" of the "Imperial Broadcasting Chamber". Nipkow's glory was used by Hitler and the Nazi government as a tool of National Socialist scientific propaganda. Nipkow died in Berlin in 1940 two days after his 80th birthday and had an official ceremony organised by the Nazi government.

Bibliography

SCHMIDT, Claus-Dietrich, Paul Nipkow. Erfinder des Fernsehens (1860–1940). Sein Leben in den technischen Fortschritt, Lębork Museum, 2009. The only detailed biography on Nipkow.

References

^ "Nipkow-Scheibe". DPMA.de (in German). Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt. 2 August 2019. Archived from the original on 3 August 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2020.
^ "Zum Gedenken an Paul Nipkow – B.Z. – die Stimme Berlins". 22 August 2017.
^ "Nipkow 23.81930".
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Schuldt, Rainer (22 March 2015). "Es begann in der Fernsehstube: TV wird 80 Jahre alt". Computer Bild (in German). Retrieved 29 March 2020.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b "Televisionen" (in German). Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk. 18 December 2015. Archived from the original on 2 July 2018.

Внешние ссылки

[1] "Nipkow-Scheibe". DPMA.de (in German). Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt. 2 August 2019. Archived from the original on 3 August 2019. Retrieved 29 March 2020.

[2] "Zum Gedenken an Paul Nipkow – B.Z. – die Stimme Berlins". 22 August 2017.

[3] "Nipkow 23.81930".

[CB2015-4] Jump up to: ^a ^b Schuldt, Rainer (22 March 2015). "Es begann in der Fernsehstube: TV wird 80 Jahre alt". Computer Bild (in German). Retrieved 29 March 2020.

[mdr-5] Jump up to: ^a ^b "Televisionen" (in German). Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk. 18 December 2015. Archived from the original on 2 July 2018.

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Базы данных управления авторитетом
Международный	Виаф
Национальный	Германия Франция BNF Данные Польша
Люди	Немецкая биография