CAIRPRE GABRA
-м веками ирландская сентябрь, претендующая на происхождение от Néil Mac Между 5 -м и 12 CoIRPRE [ n 1 ] Называется Cairpre Gabra . [ 2 ] Их территория соответствует баронии Гранарда в современном графстве Лонгфорд в Ирландии. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ]
Этимология
[ редактировать ]Cairbre Gabra - коррупция ирландцев : Cairbre ua ciardha и лучше всего переводится с «Потомков Керре». Néill Modern Irish : Cairbre ) . Mac ( Cairbre [ 2 ] Традиция утверждает, что Coirpre вышла замуж за принцессу пихта по имени Малреани и управляла всем Северным Лонгфордом от рва Гранарда. Coirpre также принадлежал участки возле Лох Эрн и барония Карбери в Слайго. [ 7 ] Первые успехи Uí Néill в Ленстере, вероятно, были из -за этого Coirpre, предположительно, высокого короля Ирландии . [ 8 ]
« Ciarbre ua Chiardha » не согласен с Карбери идентификацией О'Донована из « (графство Килдэр Барония) ». [ 2 ] [ N 2 ]
Tuath Glasraige & Brecraighi
[ редактировать ]The territory was presumably a frontier colony of the Kingdom of Meath before the seventh century. An ancient folklore called "the Revolt of the Aithech Tuatha" named "the Tuath Glasraige” as ruling the territory around Granard and Lough Sheelin ("Irish: Tuath Glasraighe im Chairbre [Gabhra] agus im Loch Silinn") but nothing further is known about the tribe.[10][11][12] Bracan mac Máine Mór probably resided at Rathbracken townland to the north of Granard. His descendants, the "Tuath Brecraighi", were defeated by the Cenél Coirpri in AD 751.[13]
Cairpre Gabra
[edit]Between the fifth and seventh centuries, a branch of the Uí Néill called the Cairpre Gabhra (Irish: Cairbré Ua Ciarrdha - descendants of Coirpre mac Néill) settled around Granard and Lough Sheelin in North Tethbae (approximately county Longford). Three distinct sub-septs of the Cenel Coirpri listed in the genealogies were powerful circa 700AD, namely the "Cairpri Laigin", the "Cairpri Gabra", and "Cairpri Dromma Cliab"[14] though current thinking now believes "Cairpri Laigin" was a later construct.[15] Furthermore, various related septs under the designations of Cenel Cairpre, Cairpre Mor, and Cairpre Gabra, figure in the annals of Ulster from the seventh, eighth, and ninth century.[16] Cairpre Gabra is first mentioned in the Irish Annals for the year AD731.[17] It is generally believed a larger Cairpre grouping stretched from Sligo to Longford at an early date taking in Leitrim and parts of Fermanagh (Tuatha Ratha or Magheraboy) and it was divided in two by the expansion of the Kingdom of Breifne under the Uí Briúin.
Cairpre Gabra lay between the tuaths of Luigne-Gailenga to the east,[n 3] and Conmaicne Maigh Rein to the north-west.[2][18] Centred on Granard, Cairpre Gabra lay along the northern border of the ancient Kingdom of Meath,[19] and comprised the barony of Granard, and at least part of the barony of Longford.[16] Cairbre may have extended as far east as Cúl (Coole) in county Westmeath).[20] The north-western frontier ran from Cluain Cusa (Clooncoose) through Crott (between Slieve Carbry and Lake Naback) over as far as Lough Gowna, but excluded the most northern portion of the modern barony of Granard.[10] The Cairpre territory was probably of limited extent by the 8th century.[2]
The principal churches were at Granard and Clonbroney,[21][22] supposedly given to Saint Patrick when he visited "Coirpre" and instructed Guasacht mac Milchu to found a church at Granard, and two sisters, Emers, to found a church at Cluain Brónaigh (ClonBroney). Cairbre Gabra was therefore among the first Christianity centres in Ireland.[22]
Cairpre Gabra was not a strong tuath and in the 11th century the O'Cairbres were conquered by the Ó Cuinns, Ó Fearghails, and other Conmhaícne tribes. Caipre Gabra was absorbed into the larger Annaly kingdom, so named after "Anghaile" the great-grandfather of Fearghail O'Farrell.[7][9] Annaly became Longphoirt, now Longford, after O'Farrell's fortress of this name.[23]
It is believed a section of the dynasty were introduced as lords of Carbury in Kildare in a 12th-century intrusion following this pressure on their original territory in north-east Longford.[15] Ó Ciardha (O'Keary or O'Carey) were established as lords of Carbury from this group about the time of the Norman invasion of Ireland.
Events
[edit]Dobbs (1938, 1941) summarizes many events connected to the ancient Granard (barony) and Cairbre Gabra as follows-
- A Prehistoric Battle of Cluain Cuas (Clooncose) was won by Tigernmas.[24]
- AD 236 Cormac mac Airt defeated the Ulstermen at Granard.[12]
- AD 581 Aed mac Brenann mac Briun mac Máine Mór, king of Tethba, helped Saint Columcille and the northern Uí Neill decisively defeat the Meath Uí Neill at the battle of Cúl Uinnsin, at the south end of Lough Gowna in Coirpre Gabra. The Geas on the Kings of Tara "not to go into the dark country of North Tethba on a Tuesday" might originate from this defeat.[25]
- AD 751 The "Uí Lachtnain" descendants of Eogan mac Bracan mac Máine Mór and "kings of the Brecraighi" were annihilated by the Cenél Coirpri at "Kilfintan" (5 km south of Granard).[13]
- AD 927 Ua Ruairc raided Cairbre and Taebata killing Ua Ciarrdha, the lord of Cairbre Gabhra.[26]
- AD 983 Brian Boru raided the western Kingdom of Meath and likely attacked Cairbre Gabra.[27]
- AD 992 Maelruanaidh Ua Ciardha, king of Cairbre, was killed by the men of Tethba.[27]
- AD 1012 Cairbre Gabhra were involved in a raid on the Gailenga in Cavan and the Kingdom of Meath. Pursued home, Ualgharg Ua Ciardha, lord of Cairbre, and many others were killed.[28]
- AD 1046 Ua Ciardha, lord of Cairbre Gabhra, was killed by the lord of Tethba (Ua Flannagain of Comar).[29]
- AD 1066 Many of the Cairbre Gabhra were slaughtered probably in revenge for plundering Scrin Choluimchille (Skreen in County Meath).[30]
- AD 1069 Cairpre Gabhra and the church of Granard were burnt by the lord of Fine-gall, possibly in revenge for the burnings of Lusk and Swords churches the previous year.[31]
- AD 1070 The men of Tethba were defeated by Ua Ruairc of Breifne.[31]
- AD 1184 Cairpre Gabra disappear as an individual principality following the Norman invasion.[32]
See also
[edit]References and notes
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Tethbae (Latin: Teffia) originally referred to an area north of the River Inny approximating to present day County Longford.[1] County Longford was sometimes called Upper Conmaicne, to distinguish it from south Leitrim, then called Lower Conmaicne, because both districts were ruled by the descendants of Conmac, son of Fergus and Queen Meadbh of Connacht.
- ^ Ó Duígeannáin wrote "OG. following O'Donovan wrongly locates Cairbre Ua gCiardha in the barony of Carbury, Co. Kildare. Actually it was identical with Cairpre Gabra".[9]
- ^ Mac Fhirbhisigh described a branch of the Gailenga as the "Gaileanga of North Teathfa".[2]
Citations
[edit]- ^ MacCotter 2008, p. 200.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Ó Duígeannáin 1935, p. 132.
- ^ Ulwencreutz 2013, p. 160.
- ^ MacCotter 2008, p. 133.
- ^ Catholic Record Society of Ireland 1912, p. 9.
- ^ Mahon 1988, p. 14.
- ^ Jump up to: a b MacGivney 1908, p. 55.
- ^ O Croinin 1976, p. 205.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Ó Duígeannáin 1935, p. 132, n. 72.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Ó Duígeannáin 1935, p. 132, n. 132.
- ^ Mahon 1988, p. 13.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Dobbs 1938, p. 246.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Dobbs 1938, p. 249.
- ^ O Croinin 1976, p. 206.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Byrne 2001, p. xvi, Note to p. 84.
- ^ Jump up to: a b O Croinin 1976, p. 208.
- ^ Dobbs 1938, p. 253.
- ^ MacGivney 1908, p. 54.
- ^ Catholic Record Society of Ireland 1912, p. 2.
- ^ Dobbs 1938, pp. 241–242.
- ^ Charles-Edwards 2000, p. 260.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Dobbs 1938, p. 248.
- ^ MacGivney 1908, p. 56.
- ^ Dobbs 1938, p. 242.
- ^ Dobbs 1938, p. 250.
- ^ Dobbs 1941, p. 102.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Dobbs 1941, p. 103.
- ^ Dobbs 1941, p. 105.
- ^ Dobbs 1941, p. 108.
- ^ Dobbs 1941, p. 109.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Dobbs 1941, p. 110.
- ^ Dobbs 1938, p. 241.
Primary references
[edit]- Ó Duígeannáin, Mícheál (1935). "Notes on the History of the Kingdom of Bréifne". The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. 5 (1). Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland: 113–140. JSTOR 25513764.
- Dobbs, Margaret E. (1938). "The Territory and People of Tethba". The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. Seventh Series, Vol. 8, No. 2 (2). Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland: 241–259. JSTOR 25510138.
Secondary references
[edit]- Byrne, Francis John (2001). Irish kings and High Kings (2nd ed.). Dublin: Four Courts. ISBN 9781851825523.
- Ulwencreutz, Lars (2013). Ulwencreutz's The Royal Families in Europe V. Ulwencreutz Media. ISBN 978-1304581358.
- MacGivney, Joseph (1908). Place-names of County Longford : collected from various sources. Dublin : J. Duffy.
- Маккоттер, Пол (2008). Средневековая Ирландия: территориальные, политические и экономические подразделения (иллюстрировано изд.). Четыре суда пресса. ISBN 9781846820984 .
- Махон, Уильям (1988). Glasraige, Tóecraige и Araid: доказательства от Огама . Тол. Труды Гарвардского кельтского коллоквиума, тома 8-9. Кафедра кельтских языков и литературы, факультет искусств и наук, Гарвардский университет.
- Католическое общество Ирландии (1912). Archivium hibernicum: OR, Ирландские исторические записи, том 1 (оригинал из Корнелльского университета, оцифровано 2012 год изд.). Звонимую общество, колледж Святого Патрика.
- O Croinin, ни один (1976). Тедор Уильям Муди; Фрэнсис Х. Мартин; Фрэнсис Джон Бирн; Art Cosgrove (ред.). Новая история Ирландии: доисторическая и ранняя Ирландия . Тол. 1 Ирландия, изд. от Daibhi o Croinin, мы Воган Издательство Оксфордского университета. ISBN 0198217374 .
- Чарльз-Эдвардс, Т.М. (2000). Ранняя христианская Ирландия (иллюстрирована, переиздание изд.). Издательство Кембриджского университета. ISBN 0521363950 .
- Доббс, Маргарет Э. (1941). «Территория и люди Тетбы (продолжение)». Журнал Королевского общества антикваров Ирландии . Седьмая серия, вып. 11, № 3 (3). Королевское общество антикваров Ирландии: 101–110. JSTOR 25510301 .