Сэмюэл Листер, 1 -й барон Машам

Сэмюэль Кунлифф Листер, 1 -й барон Машам (1 января 1815 года - 2 февраля 1906 года), был английским изобретателем и промышленником, известным для изобретения гребня Листера .

Ранний период жизни

Он родился в Калверли Холле (ныне на ферме Калверли-Хаус- нельзя путать с одноименным поместьем средневековья), недалеко от Брэдфорда , сына Эллиса Кунлиффа Листера (1774–1853), первого члена парламента, избранного на Брэдфорд после после Закон о реформе 1832 ( 2 и 3 будут. 4. C. 45) и Мэри (урожденная Кей) Листер. ^{[ 1 ]} В 1854 году он женился на Энн Дирден, дочери Джона Дирдена; У них было пять дочерей. Он начал свою трудовую жизнь, работая в ливерпульской фирме торговцев.

Industry and enterprise

Lister went on to play a key role in the development of Bradford's wool industry during the nineteenth century Industrial Revolution. The textile industry transformed Bradford from a small rural town into a rich and famous city. As well as being a successful mill owner he occasionally diverged to other subjects, such as an air brake for railways. He was fond of outdoor sports, especially coursing and shooting, and was a keen patron of the fine arts.^[1]

In 1838 he and his elder brother John started as worsted spinners and manufacturers in a new mill which their father built for them at Manningham. Lister's Mill (otherwise known as Manningham Mills), and its owner, were particularly well known in the district. The business eventually made Lister one of Bradford's most famous fathers, a multi-millionaire and the provider of thousands of jobs in the city. Lister's Mill changed the identity of the region, and its economy. Lister himself came to epitomise Victorian enterprise. However it has been suggested that his capitalist attitude made trade unions necessary.^[2]

Textiles

Lister invented the Lister nip comb which separated and straightened raw wool, which has to be done before it can be spun into worsted yarn, and in the nineteenth century it was a hot, dirty and tiring job. By inventing the nip comb, Lister revolutionised the industry.

Around 1855 he began work to find a way of utilising the fibre contained in silk waste. The task occupied his time for many years and brought him to the verge of bankruptcy, but at last he succeeded in perfecting silk-combing appliances which enabled him to make good quality yarn at a low cost. Another important invention in connection with silk manufacture was a velvet loom patent that he bought in 1867 to the Catalan inventor Jacint Barrau. The new loom was built at Manningham Mills by Jaume Reixach, Barrau's foreman and Lister's Mill director afterwards, and made him very rich.^[3] However, the business was seriously affected by the prohibitory duties imposed by the United States, making him an early critic of the British policy of free trade.^[4]

Honours

In 1887 he was appointed High Sheriff of Yorkshire.

In 1891 he was made a peer;^[4] he took his title from the little Yorkshire town of Masham, close to which is Swinton Park, purchased by him in 1888.^[1] In 1898, Lister was awarded the freedom of the City of Bradford.^[5]

He died at Swinton Park on 2 February 1906,^[4] and was succeeded by his son, Samuel Cunliffe Lister, 2nd Baron Masham.^[6]

Lister Park

A statue of him now stands in Lister Park, in Manningham, Bradford, West Yorkshire, sculpted by Matthew Noble from a block of white Sicilian marble and unveiled on Saturday 15 May 1875 by W. E. Forster, then Member of Parliament for Bradford. Lister Park was donated to the people of Bradford by Lister.

Arms

Coat of arms of Samuel Lister, 1st Baron Masham
Crest 1st, a stag's head erased, per fesse proper and or, attired sable, Lister ; 2nd, a greyhound sejant argent, collared sable, and charged on the shoulder with a pellet, Cunliffe. Escutcheon Quarterly, 1st and 9th ermine, on a fesse sable three mullets or, Lister ; 2nd and 3rd, sable, three conies courant argent, Cathie. Supporters Dexter, a stag or, attired sable, gorged with a collar of the last, pendent therefrom an escutcheon of the arms of Lister ; sinister, a greyhound argent, gorged with a collar sable, pendent therefrom an escut-cheon of the arms of Cunliffe. Motto Retinens Vestigia Famae (Following In The Footsteps Of Our Fame) ^[7]

References

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Masham, Samuel Cunliffe Lister, 1st Baron" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 837.
^ "Wharfedale and Airedale Observer". Prejudiced mill owner drove his workers into the unions. 18 October 2007. Retrieved 10 July 2009.
^ Cabana, Francesc (2001) [1992]. "Jacint Barrau, un geni de la mecànica" [Jacint Barrau, a genius in mechanics]. Fàbriques i empresaris. Els protagonistes de la revolució industrial a Catalunya. Volum 3: Llana. Seda. Gènere de punt. Lli. Jute. Acabats [Factories and business men. The main characters of the industrial revolution in Catalonia. Volume 3: Whool. Silk. White jute. Product finishes.] (in Catalan). Barcelona: Fundació Enciclopèdia Catalana and Diputació de Barcelona. pp. 216–222. ISBN 978-84-7794-798-1. Dipòsit Legal: B.39.571-2001.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c "Samuel Cunliffe Lister, 1st Baron Masham". Encyclopædia Britannica. 10 July 2009. Retrieved 10 July 2009.
^ Email from Bradford City Council on 29 September 2022, released as part of a response from Bradford City Council to a request made using WhatDoTheyKnow, accessed 29 September 2022.
^ "ThePeerage.com". Samuel Cunliffe-Lister, 1st Baron Masham of Swinton. Retrieved 10 July 2009.
^ Пираг Дебретт . 1921.

Внешние ссылки

«Листер, Сэмюэль Кунлифф» . Словарь национальной биографии (2 -е дополнение) . 1912.
«Сэмюэль Кунлифф Листер, 1 -й барон Машам» . Encyclopædia Britannica .
Архивный материал в библиотеке Университета Лидса

Пэры Соединенного Королевства
Новое творение	Барон Машам 2 -е творение 1891–1906	Преуспевает Сэмюэль Кунлифф Листер

[classic-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Masham, Samuel Cunliffe Lister, 1st Baron" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 837.

[observer-2] "Wharfedale and Airedale Observer". Prejudiced mill owner drove his workers into the unions. 18 October 2007. Retrieved 10 July 2009.

[Cabana-3] Cabana, Francesc (2001) [1992]. "Jacint Barrau, un geni de la mecànica" [Jacint Barrau, a genius in mechanics]. Fàbriques i empresaris. Els protagonistes de la revolució industrial a Catalunya. Volum 3: Llana. Seda. Gènere de punt. Lli. Jute. Acabats [Factories and business men. The main characters of the industrial revolution in Catalonia. Volume 3: Whool. Silk. White jute. Product finishes.] (in Catalan). Barcelona: Fundació Enciclopèdia Catalana and Diputació de Barcelona. pp. 216–222. ISBN 978-84-7794-798-1. Dipòsit Legal: B.39.571-2001.

[britannica-4] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c "Samuel Cunliffe Lister, 1st Baron Masham". Encyclopædia Britannica. 10 July 2009. Retrieved 10 July 2009.

[WhatDoTheyKnow-5] Email from Bradford City Council on 29 September 2022, released as part of a response from Bradford City Council to a request made using WhatDoTheyKnow, accessed 29 September 2022.

[peerage-6] "ThePeerage.com". Samuel Cunliffe-Lister, 1st Baron Masham of Swinton. Retrieved 10 July 2009.

[7] Пираг Дебретт . 1921.

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