Роберт де Понтиньи
Кардинал Роберт де Понтиньи | |
|---|---|
| Кардинал-священник | |
 | |
| Церковь | Аббатство Сито |
| Избран | Январь 1294 |
| Предшественник | Thibaut de Saucy (1284-1294) |
| Преемник | Rufin de la Ferté (9 октября 1294-30 ноября 1299 г.) |
| Приказ | |
| Создан кардинал | 18 сентября 1294 Папа Селестина V |
| Личные данные | |
| Умер | 9 октября 1305 Парма |
| Похороненный | Парма, затем Сито |
| Nationality | French |
| Occupation | Cistercian monk and abbot |
| Education | Master of Theology |
Роберт де Понтиньи , О.Кист. (Родился во Франции, дата неизвестна; умер в Парме, 9 октября 1305 г.) был французским монахом, аббатом и римско -католическим кардиналом .
Ранняя карьера
[ редактировать ]Ничего не известно о его месте рождения, его семье или его воспитании. Иногда говорят, что он был мастером богословия, [ 1 ] Хотя в этом утверждении не хватает документальной поддержки. Очевидно, он стал цистерцианским монахом, хотя дом, который признал его, неизвестен (если это не было понтиента), и ничто не засвидетельствовано в его формировании или ранней карьере.
Аббат
[ редактировать ]
Роберт засвидетельствован как аббат понтиньи 1 марта 1289 года, [ 2 ] В 1291 году он и аббатство стали участвовать в судебном процессе с Маргарет, королевой Неаполя и вдовой Чарльза I из Неаполя , которая также была Comtesse de Tonnerre. Сильный сторонник феодальной идеи, королева Маргарет бросила вызов монахам из-за права справедливости в отношении Понтиньи, Сен-Поркаре, Беугнона, Бове и Айгремонта. Дело достигло короля Филиппа IV, у которого были стороны, выбирали арбитры, Роберт Дьюк из Бургундии и аббат Тибо из Сито. Было решено, что вся гражданская юрисдикция принадлежала аббатству, в то время как уголовная юрисдикция должна была принадлежать графине и ее преемникам. [3]
Robert of Pontigny was himself Abbot of Cîteaux, from January, 1294 to September, 1294, when he was named cardinal.
It is sometimes said that he was a friend of King Philip IV of France and of King Charles II of Naples,[4] but these are inferences, not documented facts. That he owed his promotion to these monarchs is likewise unattested.[5]
Cardinal
[edit]Robert de Pontigny was created cardinal by Pope Celestine V in a Consistory held at L'Aquila on 18 September 1294. He was then assigned the title of Santa Pudenziana. His earliest surviving subscription as Cardinal-Priest of S. Pudenziana occurs on 21 June 1295 under Pope Boniface VIII.[6]
He was one of the twenty-two cardinals who participated in the Conclave of 23–24 December 1294 in Naples, following the resignation of Pope Celestine V.[7] Cardinal Benedetto Caetani was elected on the first scrutiny and chose the throne name Boniface VIII.[8]
Cardinal Robert de Pontigny was Chamberlain (Treasurer) of the College of Cardinals from 3 January 1298 to 9 October 1305.[9]
Under Pope Boniface he was appointed Auditor (judge) in the case between the Bishop of Amiens and the Dean and Canons of the Cathedral; the case dragged on, without resolution, through the reign of Benedict XI.[10] Pope Boniface died in the Vatican Palace on October 11, 1303, thirty-five days after the assault against him at Anagni, led by the French chancellor Guillaume de Nogaret and the two Colonna ex-cardinals.
Cardinal Robert de Pontigny participated in the Conclave which took place in the Vatican Palace. Cardinal Niccolò Boccasini was elected pope on the first ballot on 22 October 1303.[11] He chose the throne name Benedict XI.
In 1303, Cardinal Robert was a member of a committee of cardinals for the examination of the election and character of Abbot Cambio of the Monastery of S. Salvatore in Rieti. The election was approved by Pope Benedict XI on 4 December 1303.[12] He performed the same function in the case of the election of Fr. Ventura Pauli, OSB, to be abbot of S. Maria de Alfiolo in Gubbio,[13] and that of Archmandrite Jacobus, O.Bas., of the monastery of S. Elias at Anglona.[14] After a contentious election of an abbot in the Augustinian monastery of Beaulieu in the diocese of Saint Malo, and after an appeal by one of the monks, Petrus de Porta, through every level of the ecclesiastical courts, the case was assigned to Cardinal Robert, who recommended that the seat be declared vacant; Pope Benedict granted Cardinal Robert the favor of naming whomever he thought suitable to the post.[15] He was a member of a commission of three cardinals who investigated the situation of Bishop Raymond of Vaison, who had been suspended both from ecclesiastical and temporal functions in the reign of Boniface VIII; the committee approved his reinstatement.[16] He was also a member of a committee that examined the election of Abbot Michael of the monastery of S. Isidore in Leon.[17] On 7 July 1304, Pope Benedict XI died in Perugia.[18]
Conclave of 1304–1305
[edit]Cardinal Robert de Pontigny participated in the Conclave to elect Pope Benedict's successor. Fifteen cardinals participated in the Conclave, but only ten were in the Conclave for the final vote. The two Colonna cardinals, who had been deposed by Boniface VIII in 1297, were not in attendance.[19] The Conclave began on 17 July 1304.[20] There was, however, no easy decision.[21] The French faction was led by Cardinal Napoleone Orsini, and included Giovanni Boccamazza (Tusculum), Giovanni Minio (Porto), Niccolò Alberti da Prato (Ostia), Landolfo Brancaccio (S. Angelo in Pescheria), Guglielmo Longhi (S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano), Jean Le Moine (SS. Marcellino e Pietro), Robert de Pontigny (S. Pudenziana), Riccardo Petroni (S. Eustachio), and ultimately Walter Winterburn (S. Sabina). His opponent was another Orsini, Cardinal Matteo Rosso Orsini, whose group is known to have included his nephews Francesco Orsini, (S. Lucia) and Giacomo Gaetani Stefaneschi (S. Giorgio in Velabro), Teodorico Ranieri (Palestrina), Leonardo Patrassi (Albano), Pedro Rodriguez (Sabina), Francesco Caetani (S. Maria in Cosmedin), Gentile Partino (S. Martino ai Monti), and Luca Fieschi, (S. Maria in Via Lata). Archbishop Bertrand de Got, the younger brother of the late Cardinal Bérard de Got, Archbishop of Bordeaux since 1299, and a subject of the King of England, had been nominated by the faction of Cardinal Matteo Rosso Orsini as long as six months before his final election (approximately the first half of December, 1304).[22] Finally, on 5 July 1305, after some dirty tricks, a two-thirds vote in favor of the Archbishop of Bordeaux was achieved.[23] He became Clement V, and was crowned in Lyons on 14 November 1305. He never visited Rome. The Papacy had moved to France.
Cardinal Robert de Pontigny did not return to France to do homage to the new pope or to see him crowned. He died at Parma on 9 October 1305. He was buried in the Cistercian Church of S. Martin outside Parma (the famous Charterhouse of Parma), but his remains were transferred to Cîteaux.[24]
References
[edit]- ^ Alphonsus Ciaconius, Vitae et res gestae pontificum Romanorum (ed. Augustinus Olduin) II (Rome 1677), p. 290.
- ^ E. Langlois, Les Registres de Nicolas IV I, p. 144 no. 691. He was the seventeenth or eighteenth abbot
- ^ Baron Chaillou des Barres, L'abbaye de Pontigny (Paris: Aug. Vaton, 1844), pp. 134-135 [extract from Annuaire de l'Yonne (1844)].
- ^ Alphonsus Ciaconius, Vitae et res gestae pontificum Romanorum (ed. Augustinus Olduin) II (Rome 1677), p. 290.
- ^ Ptolemy of Lucca does say that the creation of cardinals by Celestine V was at the request of King Charles, ad petitionem regis. A. Theiner (ed.), Caesaris Baronii Annales Ecclesiastici Tomus 23 (Bar-le-Duc 1871), under the year 1294, § 16, p. 142.
- ^ Conradus Eubel, Hierarchia catholica medii aevi I, editio altera (Monasterii 1913), p. 12, 46.
- ^ Baumgarten (1897), "Cardinalsernennungen", p. 165.
- ^ Eubel, p. 12 n. 9.
- ^ Baumgarten (1897) "Cardinalsernennungen", pp. 162 and 164. Baumgarten (1898), "Untersuchungen", p. LI.
- ^ Grandjean, Registre de Benoît XI, pp. 157-163 no. 194 (5 December 1303).
- ^ John P. Adams, Sede Vacante and Conclave of October 1303. retrieved 02/23/2016.
- ^ Grandjean, Registre de Benoît XI, p. 89-90 no. 92.
- ^ Grandjean, Registre de Benoît XI, pp. 111-112 no. 130.
- ^ Grandjean, Registre de Benoît XI, pp. 173-174 no. 209 (26 December 1303).
- ^ Grandjean, Registre de Benoît XI, pp. 448-451 no. 710 (18 March 1304).
- ^ Grandjean, Registre de Benoît XI, pp. 474-475 no. 753 (18 March 1304). Eubel, p. 517.
- ^ Grandjean, Registre de Benoît XI, pp. 631-632 no. 1048 (5 June 1304).
- ^ Augustus Potthast, Regesta pontificum Romanorum II (Berlin 1875), p. 2037-2038.
- ^ Eubel, p. 13, note 13.
- ^ Letter of Olivarius Biterris to King James II of Aragon: Heinrich Finke, Acta Aragonensia. Quellen zur deutschen, italianischen, franzosischen, spanischen, zur Kirchen- und Kulturgeschichte aus der diplomatischen Korrespondenz Jaymes II. (1291-1327) (Berlin und Leipzig 1908) no. 119, p. 184.
- ^ Martin Souchon, Die Papstwahlen von Bonifaz VIII bis Urban VI (Braunschweig: Benno Goeritz 1888), pp. 15-23.
- ^ according to a report to King Jaime II of Aragon, Finke, no. 16, p. LXII; Finke, Acta Aragonensia no. 125, p. 190.
- ^ John P. Adams, Sede Vacante and Conclave, 1304-1305. retrieved 02/23/2016.
- ^ Eubel I, p. 12. V.-B. Henry, Histoire de l'abbaye de Pontigny (Avallon 1882), p. 143
Bibliography
[edit]- Jean Roy, Nouvelle histoire des cardinaux françois, ornée de leurs portraits Tome cinquième (Paris: Chez Poinçot 1788).
- В.Б. Генри, История аббатства Понтиньи (Аваллон 1882).
- Пол Мария Баумгартен, «Кардинальные гонки в Каластине V в сентябре и октябре 1294 года» (Стефан Эссес, редактор ) .
- Пол Мария Баумгартен, Исследования и документы на камере Collegii Cardinilium за период с 1295 по 1437 год (Leipzig 1898).
- Гнездо Гранджан, записи Бенедикта XI (Париж 1883).
- Жорж Дигард, Регистры Бонифации VIII Tome I (Paris 1890).
- Записи Николаса IV (Paris 1905).
- Фердинанд Грегоровиус, История города Рима в средневековье , том V, второе издание, пересмотренное (Лондон: Джордж Белл, 1906).
- Мартин Гарригес, первый мультикулярный зал Цистерцианского аббатства Понтиньи: xii e -xiii e столетия (Париж: Национальная библиотека, 1981).