Фелисия Эфиоп
| Фелисия Эфиоп | |
|---|---|
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| Felicia acthiopica ssp. Эклонис | |
Научная классификация 
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| Королевство: | Plantae |
| Клада : | Трахеофиты |
| Клада : | Покрытосеменные |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | Felicia |
| Section: | Felicia sect. Neodetris |
| Species: | F. aethiopica
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| Binomial name | |
| Felicia aethiopica | |
| Subspecies | |
| Synonyms | |
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Felicia aethiopica - это низкий уровень 50 cm (1+2⁄3 ft) high that is assigned to the family Asteraceae. It has rigid, leathery, inverted egg-shaped leaves, with only the lowest pair set oppositely. It has flower heads with an involucre of about 8 мм ( 1 ~ 3 дюйма) в диаметре с прицветниками, каждый из которых содержит три протока смолы, и имеет один оборот из двенадцати до четырнадцати лучевых цветов с 11 мм в длину и шириной 1,5 мм, окружающие множество желтых дисковых цветов. Растение называется дикой астр или карликовой Фелисией на английском языке, а также в Wilde-aster или Bloublombossie в африкаансе . Цветение происходит круглый год. Дикая астер можно найти в западных и восточных провинциях Южной Африки. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ]
Описание
[ редактировать ]Felicia acthiopica ssp. Aethiopica -это смягчение до 50 cm (1+2⁄3 ft) high, branched shrublet. Its shoots are loosely hairy to glandular. The lower stems are covered by reddish bark. The rigidly leathery leaves mostly set alternately along the stems, only those at base are oppositely set (rarely also higher on the shoot opposite), usually standing out at a straight angle, those lower on the stem even often weakly descending. The leaves are narrow to broadly elliptic to inverted egg-shaped, 5–20 mm (1⁄5–4⁄5 in) long and 2–8 mm (0.079–0.315 in) wide, with rolled down margins, hairless to strong bristly hairy and glandular, and anything intermediate.[2]
The flower heads sit individually on the clearly distinguished inflorescence stalks that are mostly richly glandular near the top. The bracts surrounding the head that jointly form the involucre of up to 8 mm (1⁄3 in) in diameter, are arranged in two whorls. The bracts of the inner whorl are Inverted lance-shaped, about 5 mm (0.20 in) long and 1 mm (0.039 in) wide, ribbed, and a little bristly. The outer bracts are lance-shaped, about 6 mm (0.24 in) long and 1 mm wide, with three sunken resin ducts, and consistent with the indumentum of the leaves, variously bristly hairy or also glandular. About twelve to fourteen female ray florets have a blue strap of ligula of about 11 mm (0.43 in) long and 1½ mm (0.06 in) wide, blue. These surround many bisexual, disc florets with a yellow corolla of about 4 mm (0.16 in) long. In the center of each corolla are five free filaments and five anthers merged into a tube, through which the style grows when the floret opens, hoovering up the pollen on its shaft. At the tip of both style branches is a triangular appendage. Around the base of the corolla is one whorl of vigorous, equally long, white, shortly toothed, but smooth at their base, largely persistent pappus bristles of about 4 mm (0.16 in) long. The eventually black, dry, one-seeded, indehiscent fruits called cypselae are inverted egg-shaped to elliptic, about 3 mm (0.12 in) long and 1½ mm (0.06 in) wide, have a ridge along the outline, are hairless or rarely have a few bristles near the top, and a further smooth seedskin.[2]
Felicia aethiopica subsp. ecklonis differs in having entirely hairy cypselae.[2]
Differences with related species
[edit]Felicia aethiopica is often confused with Felicia amoena and Felicia amelloides. F. aethiopica is a woody shrublet with mostly only the lowest pair of leaves opposite and the remainder alternate, twelve to fourteen ray florets and also can be distinguished by the three resin ducts in the involucral bracts, that lack in both other species. F. amoena is a biennial or perennial plant with at least the lowest four to six leaves in pairs as well as those at each branching, and the remainder alternate and may have up to twenty five ray florets. F. amelloides is a mostly perennial plant with all its leaves in pairs and about twelve ray florets.[2]
Taxonomy
[edit]The wild aster was first described in 1768 by Nicolaas Laurens Burman, based on a specimen in the herbarium collection of his father, the Dutch botanist and physician Johannes Burman, that had been collected at Caput Bonae Spei, a term used for the southwest of the Cape Province. He named it Aster aethiopicus. Henri Cassini in 1817 described Agathaea microphylla. In 1822, Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel described Cineraria trachyphylla. In 1832, Christian Friedrich Lessing described Aster ecklonis. He also described Aster capensis, based on a herbarium sheet that contains one twig of Felicia aethiopica and two twigs of F. amelloides, and this has since created much confusion. Cassini's taxon was reassigned to the genus Cineraria by Jens Vahl, who created the combination C. microphylla in 1836. Carl Heinrich "Bipontinus" Schultz described a slightly different plant in 1843, calling it Agathaea kraussii, but he demoted it a year later to Agathaea amelloides β kraussii. In 1865, William Henry Harvey, reassigned Schultz's taxon to Aster, creating A. kraussii, but he also described Aster aethiopicus var. glandulosus. Bolus and Anthony Hurt Wolley-Dod assign the species to the genus Felicia in 1950, creating the combination Felicia aethiopica. Jürke Grau in his 1973 Revision of the genus Felicia (Asteraceae), considered tall these names synonymous, except for Aster ecklonis Less., that he considered a subspecies, calling it F. aethiopica subsp. ecklonis. The species is considered to be part of the section Neodetris.[2]
The species name Latin aethiopica is a Latin word meaning "relating to Ethiopia or Africa in general".[6]
Distribution, habitat and ecology
[edit]Felicia aethiopica subsp. Aethiopica имеет меньшее распределение подвида. Он ограничен полуостровами Кейп , районом Когелберга , районом Германуса и Гансаи , Потберга и около Свеллендама . Подпрокат Эклонис простирается от Седарберга на севере через горы недалеко от Портервилля до Ривиерсондеренда и Винсанда до Натала . [ 2 ] Он растет на песчаных или скалистых квартирах и склонах. [ 4 ] [ 6 ]
Сохранение
[ редактировать ]Продолжающееся выживание обоих подвидов Фелиции Аэтиопика считается наименьшей проблемой, потому что их популяции стабильны. [ 7 ] [ 8 ]
Ссылки
[ редактировать ]- ^ "Felica Aethiopica (Burm.f.) Bolus & Wolley-Dod Adamson & Tmmst " Мировой реестр морских видов
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в дюймовый и фон глин Grau, J. (1973). «Пересмотр Гаттунг Фелиции (Asteraceae)» . Сообщения из Мюнхенской Ботанической Государственной Коллекции . IX : 503–510 . Получено 2017-11-12 .
- ^ Оливия Пекер. «Фелисия Эфиопская» . Sanbi Plantzafrica .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный "Felicia Ethiopian Ssp. Эфиопский" . Fernkloof Natrue Reserve .
- ^ Мэннинг, Джон (2007). Поданный гид по Финбосу . Кейптаун: Струк Природа.
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный «Фелисия Эфиопская» . Касабио .
- ^ "Felica aethiopica subsp. Aethiopica " Красный список санби южноафриканских растений
- ^ "Felicia aethiopica subsp. Ecklonis" . Санби красный список южноафриканских растений .