М. Мухаммед Исмаил
М. Мухаммед Исмаил Роутер Сахиб (5 июня 1896–5 апреля 1972 года) был индийским политиком и социальным работником из штата Южного Индии Тамилнада . Он был основателем партии Мусульманской лиги Индийского союза после разделения Британской Индии . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Он был широко известен в Тамилнаде и Керале как «Quaid-e-Millat» («Лидер нации»). [ 3 ] Исмаил был членом Законодательного собрания Мадраса и лидером оппозиции (1946–52). [ 1 ] Он также был членом (1948–50) из Учредительного собрания , составления составления органа Конституции Индии . Он также был членом Раджья Сабха (1952–58) и Лок Сабха (3 -е, 1962–67, 4 -е, 1967–70 и 5 -е, 1971–72). [ 1 ]
Некоторый милла М. Мухаммед Исмаил Роутер | |
|---|---|
 M. Muhammad Ismail on a 1996 postage stamp of India | |
| Member of the Madras State Legislative Assembly | |
| In office 1946–1952 | |
| Member of the Indian Constituent Assembly | |
| In office 1948–1952 | |
| Member of the Rajya Sabha | |
| In office 1952–1958 | |
| Member of the Lok Sabha | |
| In office 1962–1972 | |
| Constituency | Manjeri |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 5 June 1896 Tirunelveli, Madras Presidency, British India |
| Died | 5 April 1972 (aged 75) Madras, Tamil Nadu, India |
| Political party |
|
| Spouse | Jamal Hameeda Bi |
| Relations | K.T.M. Ahmed Ibrahim Sahib (brother) |
| Children | Jamal Miakhan (son) |
Ранняя жизнь и карьера
[ редактировать ]М. Мухаммед Исмаил Роутер родился в Петтае , Тирунелвели , в том, что сейчас является индийским штатом Тамил Наду , 5 июня 1896 года в Маулави Кт Миахан Роутер в семье Тирунелвели Роутер . [ 1 ] [ 4 ] Он получил образование в колледже CMS и индуистского колледжа в Тирунелвели , а затем в колледже Святого Иосифа, Трихинополию и христианском колледже, Мадрас . [ 1 ]
Исмаил основал «молодое мусульманское общество» в своем родном городе Tirunelveli Pettai в 1909 году (в качестве 13-летнего). [ 1 ] [ 4 ] Он также сыграл важную роль в создании Маджлиса Уль-Уламы («Совет исламских ученых») в 1918 году. [1] He went into business in the 1920s and became a leader of Madras leather industry and eventually of Madras commerce.[4]
Ismail married Jamal Hameeda Biwi in November 1923.[1] Ismail's brother, K. T. M. Ahmed Ibrahim, was also a principal leader of the All-India Muslim League in Madras Presidency.[5] Ismail served as Vice President, Muslim Educational Association of Southern India and Anjuman Himayat-e-Islam. He was also a founding member of the Tamil Valarchi Kazhagam, Madras.[1]
Political career
[edit]With the All-India Muslim League
[edit]Success in Madras commerce led Ismail into Indian politics.[4] Along with K. M. Seethi Saheb, B. Pocker and K. Uppi Saheb, he was one of the principal leaders of All-India Muslim League in Madras Presidency from the mid-1930s.[5]
In 1945, he became the President of the Madras Presidency unit of the All-India Muslim League.[1] In the elections to the Madras legislature, the League won all but ten of the reserved seats in 1936 and all in 1946.[5] The League emerged as the second largest party in the Assembly after the 1946 elections and Ismail served as the Leader of the Opposition in the Legislative Assembly during 1946–52.[1][6][7][8]
With the Indian Union Muslim League
[edit]
When British India was partitioned into India and Pakistan, the All-India Muslim League was virtually disbanded (December, 1947).[5] Ismail, the then President of the Madras Muslim League, was chosen as the Convener of the Indian segment of the League.[5] The Indian members of the League formed the Indian Union Muslim League at Madras (first council in March, 1948 and constitution passed in September, 1951).[5] Ismail was chosen as the first President of Indian Union Muslim League.[1]
After partition of India, Muslims were still well represented in the Constituent Assembly, the drafting body of the constitution of India (almost all of these lawmakers had been elected on League tickets). Only those from Madras Presidency formally adhered to the League.[5] Ismail was elected from the Madras Legislative Assembly to the Constituent Assembly in 1948.[1][6][7][8] When the report of the Advisory Committee on Minorities was debated (1949), Ismail moved a motion for the retention of reserved seats for Muslims and a separate communal electorate. The Assembly summarily rejected this motion.[5] Ismail Sahib wanted Tamil to be the Official Language of India.[9]
Attempts for an alliance
[edit]In the 1950s, Ismail started negotiating with the stubborn High Command in New Delhi (through the Madras leadership) for an electoral alliance with the Congress.[5] Some informal or local alliances with the Madras Congress were realized.[5] The party thereupon suffered a rout in the 1957 General Elections and witnessed a major split in 1961 (instigated by Mohammed Raza Khan, M. S. A. Majeed and K. T. Sheriff).[5] League in due course allied with Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam and Swatantra Party.[5]
In 1952, Ismail was elected to the Rajya Sabha from Madras with support of the independent candidates endorsed by the League.[4]
As a Member of Parliament from Kerala
[edit]When the state of Kerala was formed by the States Reorganisation Act in 1956, Ismail his constituency to northern Kerala. He was elected to the Lok Sabha from Manjeri Parliamentary Constituency three times – in 1962 (Third Lok Sabha), 1967 (Fourth Lok Sabha) and 1971 (Fifth Lok Sabha) as an Indian Union Muslim League candidate.[1]
During the 1962 India-China War, Ismail famously offered to send his son Mian Khan to join the Indian Army to fight against China.[10]
| General Election | Constituency | Winner | Party | Runner up | Margin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1962 (Third) | Manjeri | M. Muhammad Ismail | Indian Union Muslim League | Muhammed Kunju (CPI) | 4,328 |
| 1967 (Fourth) | Manjeri | M. Muhammad Ismail | A. N. Beevi (Congress) | 107,494 | |
| 1971 (Fifth) | Manjeri | M. Muhammad Ismail | S. P. Mumammed Ali (Ind.) | 119,837 |
Business career
[edit]Ismail went into business in the 1920s and was involved in various commerce committees.[1][4] He was a noted businessman of the Madras Presidency involved in leather and meat industry.[11]
The boards and committees he was a member of include:
- Madras Port Trust Board, Madras Board of Industries, Madras Provincial Marketing Board, Madras Excise Licensing Board, and South India Railway Advisory Committee.[1]
- Industrial Planning Committee (Government of Madras), South India Chamber of Commerce and Industry (once Vice-President of the Chamber), Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry, and Court of Aligarh Muslim University.[1]
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (Hides and Skins), Hides Cess Enquiry Committee, Mica Enquiry Committee, Chairman of Leather and Leather Goods Committee, Government of Madras, Honorary Secretary and Vice-President of Southern India Skin and Hide Merchants Association, Madras and President, Madras State Mutton Dealers Chamber.[1]
Legacy
[edit]M. Muhammad Ismail died in 1972 (after a prolonged illness).[12] Indian National Congress politician M. Bhaktavatsalam, former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, paying his tribute, described Ismail as a "a model for all Opposition leaders".[4]
- A number of colleges in Tamil Nadu including the Quaid-e-Millath Government College for Women, Chennai[4] and Quaid-e-Millat College, Medavakkam, Chennai have been named after M. Muhammad Ismail.[13]
- The Tamil Nadu Government renamed Nagapattinam District as "Nagai Quaid-e-Millat" District in M. Muhammad Ismail's honour (however, it reverted to its old name in 1997, when all names of individuals were dropped from the names of districts and transport corporations).[14][15]
- In 2003, the Tamil Nadu Government constructed a memorial hall for M. Muhammad Ismail.
References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "M. Muhammad Ismail (Fifth Lok Sabha Members. Profile)". Lok Sabha. Government of India.
- ^ Wright, Theodore P. (1966). "The Muslim League in South India since Independence". The American Political Science Review. 60 (3): 582–583. doi:10.2307/1952972. JSTOR 1952972. S2CID 143572105.
- ^ Wright, Theodore P. (1966). "The Muslim League in South India since Independence". The American Political Science Review. 60 (3): 597. doi:10.2307/1952972. JSTOR 1952972. S2CID 143572105.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Muthiah, S. (1 May 2017). "Who was Quaid-e-Millat?". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l Wright, Theodore P. (1966). "The Muslim League in South India since Independence". American Political Science Review. 60 (3): 579–599. doi:10.2307/1952972. JSTOR 1952972. S2CID 143572105.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Ralhan, Om Prakash (1998). Encyclopaedia Of Political Parties. Vol. 33–50. Anmol Publications. p. 13. ISBN 978-81-7488-865-5.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Dash, Shreeram Chandra (1968). The Constitution of India: A Comparative Study. Chaitanya Publishing House. p. 532.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Sundararajan, Saroja (1989). March to Freedom in Madras Presidency, 1916–1947. Madras: Lalitha Publications. pp. 623–636.
- ^ "சிறப்பு கட்டுரை: காயிதே மில்லத் தமிழரா?". News18 Tamil (in Tamil). 5 June 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
- ^ Nair, Preetha (19 April 2019). "A Coloured Scheme Of Things". Outlook Magazine.
- ^ Bhattacharjee, Rupanwita (29 September 2018). "Muhammad Ismail, Indian Muslim League Pioneer who Wanted Hindustani as Official Language". The Print.
- ^ Лок Сабха дебаты . Лок Сабха Секретариат. 1972. с. 274
- ^ «Университет Мадраса: колледжи помощи» . Университет Мадраса . Архивировано из оригинала 21 февраля 2006 года.
- ^ Panneerselvan, как (16 июня 1997 г.). «Имя игры» . Журнал Outlook .
- ^ «Обсуждение» . Парламент Индии .
| Международный | |
|---|---|
| Национальный | |
| Другой | |
- Члены законодательного собрания Мадраса по сроку
- Выпускники христианского колледжа Мадрас
- 1896 Рождения
- 1972 Смерть
- Индия MPS 1962–1967
- Члены Раджья Сабха из Тамилнада
- Индия MPS 1967–1970
- Индия MPS 1971–1977
- Люди из района Тирунелвели
- Индийская профсоюзная мусульманская лига политики
- Члены Lok Sabha из Кералы
- Индийская союза Мусульманская лига политиков из Тамилнада
- Члены Учредительного собрания Индии
- Тамильские мусульмане