Мальтопсис
| Мальтопсис | |
|---|---|
| |
| |
| Мальтопсис Гнома | |
Научная классификация 
| |
| Домен: | Эукариота |
| Королевство: | Животное |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Lophiiformes |
| Family: | Ogcocephalidae |
| Genus: | Malthopsis Alcock, 1891 |
| Type species | |
| Malthopsis luteus Alcock, 1891
| |
Malthopsis , гноме-библи-рыбы или треугольные библинозы , являются родом морских рыб с лучами, принадлежащими к семейству Ogcocephalidae , глубоководных мин. Треугольные летучие рыбы распределяются по более теплым водам мира, хотя они отсутствуют в Восточном Атлантическом океане. Род был первоначально предложен в 1891 году британским натуралистом Альфредом В. Алкоком.
Таксономия
[ редактировать ]Мальтопсис был впервые предложен в качестве моноспецифического рода в 1891 году британским врачом , канцерологом и натуралистом Альфредом Уильямом Алкоком, когда он описал Malthopsis Luteus . [ 1 ] Alcock дал тип местности M. lutea в качестве Андаманского моря при 11 ° 31'40 "N, 92 ° 46'06" E, исследовательский станция 115 с глубины между 188 и 220 сахами (1128 и 1 320 футов; 344 и 402 М). [ 2 ] Этот род является наиболее базальным родом « индо-тихоокеанской клады» семейства ogcocephalidae. [ 3 ] Семейство Ogcocephalidae классифицируется в монотипическом подрядке Ogcocephaloidei в порядке Lophiformes, рыболовных рыб в 5 -м издании рыб мира . [ 4 ]
Species
[edit]There are currently 22 recognized species in this genus:[5][6]
- Malthopsis annulifera Tanaka, 1908 (Ring triangular batfish)
- Malthopsis apis H.-C. Ho & Last, 2021 (Apine triangular batfish)
- Malthopsis arrietty H.-C. Ho, 2020 (Short-horn triangular batfish)
- Malthopsis asperata H.-C. Ho, Roberts & Shao, 2013 (Roughspine batfish)[7]
- Malthopsis austrafricana H.-C. Ho, 2013 (Southern African triangular batfish)[8]
- Malthopsis bradburyae H.-C. Ho, 2013 (Bradbury's triangular batfish)[8]
- Malthopsis bulla H.-C. Ho & Last, 2021 (Flatscale triangular batfish)
- Malthopsis formosa H.-C. Ho & Koeda, 2019 (Taiwanese triangular batfish)
- Malthopsis gigas H.-C. Ho & Shao, 2010 (Giant triangular batfish)
- Malthopsis gnoma Bradbury, 1998 (Atlantic triangular batfish)
- Malthopsis jordani Gilbert, 1905 (Jordan's triangular batfish)
- Malthopsis kobayashii Tanaka, 1916 (Kobayashi's triangular batfish)
- Malthopsis lutea Alcock, 1891 (Yellow triangular batfish)
- Malthopsis mcgroutheri H.-C. Ho & Last, 2021 (McGrouther's triangular batfish)
- Malthopsis mitrigera Gilbert & Cramer, 1897 (Twospine triangular batfish)
- Malthopsis oculata H.-C. Ho & Last, 2021 (Bigeye triangular batfish)
- Malthopsis parva H.-C. Ho, Roberts & Shao, 2013 (Arrowhead triangular batfish)[7]
- Malthopsis provocator Whitley, 1961 (Prickle triangular batfish)
- Malthopsis retifera H.-C. Ho, Prokofiev & Shao, 2009 (Reticulate triangular batfish)
- Malthopsis tetrabulla H.-C. Ho & Last, 2021 (Queensland triangular batfish)
- Malthopsis tiarella Jordan, 1902 (Spearnose seabat)
- Malthopsis velutina H.-C. Ho, 2020 (Polynesian triangular batfish)
Etymology
[edit]Malthopsis combines opsis, meaning "resembles", with Malthe, a synonym of Ogcocephalus, although this genus has two gills on either side.[9]
Characteristics
[edit]Malthopsis batfishes have a flattened head, although this is higher than the body and they have a long tail.[10] The body disc is very triangular in shape with a widely based rostrum which isclearly pointed and long and which overhangs the mouth. The esca is an oval bulb with 2 small cirri on its upper edge. The scales resemble bucklers or simple spines. The buckler-like scales on the subopercle are typically weel-developed and have some enlarged spines. There are three squarish r obling patchjes of teeth on the vomer and palate and 2 closely set patches of teeth on the tongue.[11] These fishes have small dorsal and anal fin which are located towards the rear of their bodies. The base of the pectoral fins have elbow-like joints and are clearly separated from body, while the pelvic fins are not reduced in size. All of the underside of body is covered in scales while the underside of the tail has a dense covering of small spines, as well as 2 rows of large conical scales. The lateral line is typically complete but when there is an interrupted lateral line the part nearer the tail takes a downward tutn immediately in front of the anus.[10] The colour of the body is plain yellowish-brown to grey or dark brown and there are noramlly markings such as eyespots, plain spots, patches or reticulated lines.[11] These fishes are small, the largest species in the genus is the giant triangular batfish (M. gigas) with a maximum published standard length of 13.6 cm (5.4 in) while the smallest is McCrouther's triangular batfish whit a maximum published standard length of 4.5 cm (1.8 in).[6]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]Malthopsis batfishes are found in the Indian, Western Pacific and Western Atlantic Oceans, they are absent from the Eastern Pacific and Eastern Atlantic Oceans.[2] They can be found from coastal regions down to depths of 1,000 m (3,300 ft).[12]
References
[edit]
- ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Ogcocephalidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Halieutopsis". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
- ^ Valerie Derouen; William B. Ludt; Hsuan-Ching Ho; Prosanta Chakrabarty (2015). "Examining evolutionary relationships and shifts in depth preferences in batfishes (Lophiiformes: Ogcocephalidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 84: 27–33. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.12.011.
- ^ Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 508–518. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
- ^ Ho, Hsuan-Ching; Last, Peter (2021-01-01). "Review of the batfish genus Malthopsis from Australia (Lophiiformes: Ogcocephalidae), with descriptions of five new species". Bulletin of Marine Science. 97 (1): 165–218. doi:10.5343/bms.2020.0037. S2CID 226454247.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Malthopsis". FishBase. February 2024 version.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Ho, H.-C.; Roberts, C.D.; Shao, K.-T. (2013). "Revision of batfishes (Lophiiformes: Ogcocephalidae) of New Zealand and adjacent waters, with description of two new species of the genus Malthopsis". Zootaxa. 3626: 188–200. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3626.1.8. PMID 26176132.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Ho, H.-C. (2013). "Two new species of the batfish genus Malthopsis (Lophiiformes: Ogcocephalidae) from the Western Indian Ocean". Zootaxa. 3716: 289–300. doi:10.1080/00222939109460385. PMID 26106777.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf (3 June 2024). "Order LOPHIIFORMES (part 1): Families LOPHIIDAE, ANTENNARIIDAE, TETRABRACHIIDAE, LOPHICHTHYIDAE, BRACHIONICHTHYIDAE, CHAUNACIDAE and OGCOCEPHALIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный «Род: Malthopsis, Batfises, Gnome Seabat Batfish, Seabats» . Береговые рыбы Большой онлайн -системы карибского бассейна . Смитсоновский институт тропических исследований . Получено 7 июня 2024 года .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный Теодор В. Питч (2022). «Заказ Лофиформ». В Филиппе Химстра ; Элейн Химстра; Дэвид Эберт; Вутер Холмен; Джон Э Рэндалл (ред.). Прибрежные рыбы западного Индийского океана (PDF) . Тол. 2. Южноафриканский институт водного биоразнообразия. С. 281–307. ISBN 978-1-990951-29-9 .
- ^ Daniel Sepúlveda; Eduardo Villalobos; and Héctor Espinosa (2014). "New record of Даниэль Сефульведа; Эдуардо Виллобос; и Héctor Espitosa (2014). Полем Морские записи биоразнообразия 7 : E1 doi : 10.1017/ s1752626262626214000