Елена Галлегос Росалес
Елена Галлегос Росалес | |
|---|---|
| Рожденный | Мария Наталья Елена Галлегос Росалес 15 июня 1881 г. Сан Сальвадор , Сальвадор |
| Умер | 30 августа 1954 г. (72 года) |
| Национальность | Сальвадорский (по браку Костариканцы) |
| Другие имена | Елена Галлегос де Акоста, Елена Галлегос Росалес де Акоста |
| Занятие | Первая леди Коста -Рика |
| Годы активны | 1920–1924 |
Елена Галлегос Росалес (15 июня 1882–30 августа 1954 года) была сальвадорской женой 24 -го президента Коста -Рики. Во время своего пребывания в качестве первой леди она отвечала за предоставление и создание нового президентского дома , выполняя благотворительные работы и сопровождала своего мужа в различных дипломатических поездках.
Ранний период жизни
[ редактировать ]Мария Наталья Елена Галлегос Росалес родилась 15 июня 1882 года в Сан -Сальвадоре , Эльвадор, у Елены Росалес Вентура и Сальвадора Галлегос Валдес [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Ее отец когда -то был президентом Верховного суда Сальвадора и несколько раз занимал должность министра иностранных дел и образования. [ 2 ] Галлегос завершила свое базовое образование в Сан -Сальвадоре, а затем была отправлена за границу, чтобы закончить свое образование в Париже . [ 1 ]
In 1907 when Julio Acosta García was sent to El Salvador as the Consul-General, he was introduced the Gallegos.[1][2] After a three-year courtship, the two were married in April 1910.[2] On 20 February 1911, Gallegos gave birth to twins, María, who died at birth, and Elena Zulai de Jesus Acosta Gallegos in the Santa Lucia neighborhood of San Salvador.[4][Notes 1]
Career
[edit]In 1915, Acosta was recalled to return to Costa Rica and assume the position as Secretary of State for the Office of Foreign Relations, Justice, Grace, and Worship.[6] Acosta was often out of the country on business, and during his term became the first Central American Minister to make official visits for all the countries of the isthmus.[7][8] Gallegos was expecting another child in 1917, and gave birth to an unnamed daughter on 23 February 1917, who died at birth,[9][10] barely a month after the coup d'état led by Federico Tinoco Granados on 27 January 1917.[11] As soon as they could travel, the couple left the country and returned to El Salvador to live with Gallegos' parents. Julio initially worked as the manager of their farm, La Esperanza, but soon found work in the editorial office of the Diario del Salvador newspaper.[12] After Tinoco was forced to resign in 1919 and the temporary president Juan Bautista Quirós Segura ceded power to interim president Francisco Aguilar Barquero, Acosta was invited to return to Costa Rica.[13]
Bringing his family back to Costa Rica, Acosta began campaigning for the presidency. He was elected with 89% of the vote and took office on 8 May 1920.[14] The immediate problem for Gallegos, with Acosta's election was where they were to live. The Blue Castle, which had served as the Presidential House was rejected as a residence or place to conduct business because of its association with Tinoco's dictatorship.[15] In December 1920, the Legislative Assembly approved the purchase of a property located at the corner of 3rd Avenue and 15th Street, which had been built at the end of the 1870s by Tomás Guardia. At the time of the purchase, the building was serving as the headquarters of the Northern Railway Company. (Since 1995 the former presidential home has been the home of the Supreme Electoral Tribunal of Costa Rica).[16] Gallegos was responsible for decorating, furnishing and organizing the Presidential House and due to the limited budget of the country, used her own funds to prepare the home in a simple but stately manner.[1]
During Acosta's presidency, Gallegos was also instrumental in bringing the religious order of the Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd to Costa Rica.[1] This group had been established in León, Nicaragua in 1911 but expansion during the anticlerical Tinoco regime, had been impossible. Concerned with the lack of opportunities for women, Gallegos and other women, who worked with the women incarcerated at the women's prison, invited the sisters to Costa Rica, with the approval of the government.[17] The Sisters established the House of Refuge (Spanish: Casa del Refugio which was aimed at teaching reading, writing, geography and arithmetic to women prisoners. Those who were released, could remain at the refuge and were provided with room and board, in exchange for their labor in washing, ironing and repairing clothes for public patrons.[18]
The term of presidency ended in 1924 and the family moved to Paris, where Acosta worked for the Red Cross for three years before returning to Costa Rica.[19] From his return until 1944, when he was reappointed as Foreign Minister, Acosta held various positions with the government.[20] Gallegos accompanied him on various diplomatic missions, including the 1945 conference in San Francisco, California for the signing of the United Nations Charter.[1]
Death and legacy
[edit]Gallegos died on 30 August 1954 in San José, Costa Rica.[1] Her only surviving child, Zulay married the Colombian diplomat, Pedro Manuel Revollo Samper.[2]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Elena Zulai's birth was registered in both San Salvador[4] and in Alajuela, Costa Rica.[5] Given that her father was still posted in El Salvador until 1915, Gallegos was unlikely to have traveled to his family home for the birth, and that the twin sister was not registered in Costa Rica, it is more probable that they were born in San Salvador.[6][4]
References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Sáenz Carbonell et al. 1999.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Revollo Acosta 2012, p. 19.
- ^ Salvadoran Birth Records 1882, p. 57.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Salvadoran Birth Records 1911, p. 120.
- ^ Costa Rican Birth Indices 1911, p. 497.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Revollo Acosta 2012, p. 21.
- ^ Revollo Acosta 2012, pp. 25–30.
- ^ Ureña Cruz & Solís Cruz 2013, p. 2.
- ^ Costa Rican Birth Indices 1917, p. 253.
- ^ Costa Rican Death Indices 1917, p. 297.
- ^ Revollo Acosta 2012, p. 30.
- ^ Revollo Acosta 2012, p. 32.
- ^ Revollo Acosta 2012, p. 36.
- ^ Revollo Acosta 2012, pp. 38–39.
- ^ La Nación 2015.
- ^ Boletín 2014, pp. 5–6.
- ^ El Buen Pastor en Centroamérica n.d.
- ^ Mora Chinchilla 2015, pp. 21–22.
- ^ Revollo Acosta 2012, p. 62.
- ^ Revollo Acosta 2012, pp. 63–66.
Bibliography
[edit]- Mora Chinchilla, Carolina (2015). "Apuntes Sobre Viejas Instituciones de Bienestar Social en Costa Rica: Una lectura de la década 1930–1940" [Points about Old Institutions of Social Welfare in Costa Rica: A reading of the decade 1930–1940]. Revista Herencia (in Spanish). 28 (1). San José, Costa Rica: University of Costa Rica: 7–30. doi:10.15517/h.v28i1.21381. ISSN 1659-0066. Archived from the original on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
- Revollo Acosta, Julio Ernesto (2012). El Canciller Acosta. San José, Costa Rica: MREC, Instituto Manuel María de Peralta. ISBN 978-9977-76-016-2.
- Sáenz Carbonell, Jorge Francisco; Fernández Alfaro, Joaquín Alberto; Muñoz Castro, Maria Gabriela; Zúñiga Caamaño, Arturo (1999). "Primeras Damas de Costa Rica: Doña Elena Gallegos Rosales de Acosta Garcia" [First Ladies of Costa Rica: Doña Elena Gallegos Rosales de Acosta Garcia]. Tiquicia.org (in Spanish). San José, Costa Rica: self published. citations to source materials – Bibliografía de las Primeras Damas. Archived from the original on 29 September 2013. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
- Ureña Cruz, Erson; Solís Cruz, Steven (21 October 2013). "Instituto Superior Julio Acosta Garcia Y su trayectoria" [Higher Institute Julio Acosta García and His Career]. Instituto Superior Julio Aosta García (in Spanish). San Ramón, Costa Rica. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
- "Costa Rica, Registro Civil, Indice de Nacimientos 1911–1912: Elena Zulay Acosta Gallegos". FamilySearch (in Spanish). San José, Costa Rica: Archivos Nacionales. 20 February 1911. p. 497. FHL microfilm #1103114 certificate #1491, image 46. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
- "Costa Rica, Registro Civil, Indice de Defunciones 1916–1917: innominada Acosta Gallegos". FamilySearch (in Spanish). San José, Costa Rica: Archivos Nacionales. 1917. p. 297. FHL microfilm #1104913 certificate #6415, image 217. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
- "Costa Rica, Registro Civil, Indice de Nacimientos 1916–1917: innominada Acosta Gallegos". FamilySearch (in Spanish). San José, Costa Rica: Archivos Nacionales. 23 February 1917. p. 253. FHL microfilm #1103119 certificate #5006, image 61. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
- "El Buen Pastor en Centroamérica y Puerto Rico" [Good Shepherd in Central America and Puerto Rico]. Buon Pastore International (in Spanish). Rome, Italy: Casa Generalizia, Suore del Buon Pastore. n.d. Retrieved 3 December 2017.[permanent dead link]
- "El Castillo Azul: Una histórica mansión en cuesta de Moras" [The Blue Castle A historic mansion on the Moras slope] (in Spanish). San José, Costa Rica: La Nación. 3 May 2015. Archived from the original on 3 December 2017. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
- "El Salvador Registros civiles, Nacimientos 1867–1888: María Natalia Elena Gallegos Rosales". FamilySearch (in Spanish). San Salvador, El Salvador: Archivos provinciales. 15 June 1882. p. 57. FHL microfilm #1156753 certificate #219, image 410. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
- «Сальвадор гражданские реестры, рождение 1911: Мария Акоста Галлегос и Елена Сулай от Иисуса Акоста Галлегос» . FamilySearch (на испанском). Сан Сальвадор, Сальвадор: провинциальные архивы. 20 февраля 1911 г. с. 120. FHL Microfilm #1156762 Сертификаты № 371 и № 372, изображение 65 . Получено 2 декабря 2017 года .
- «История Верховного суда по строительству выборов» [История строительства Верховного суда по выборам] (PDF) . Разрешенные консультационные бюллетени (на испанском языке). Сан -Хосе, Коста -Рика: Институт обучения и обучения по демократии. 7 февраля 2014 года. Аккус (PDF) из оригинала 4 августа 2016 года . Получено 3 декабря 2017 года .
Дальнейшее чтение
[ редактировать ]- Санц Карбонэлл, Хорхе Франциско; Фернандес Альфаро, Хоакин Альберто; Муньос Кастро Фернандес Сильва, Мария Габриэла (2001). Первые дамы Коста -Рики (по -испански). Сан -Хосе, Коста -Рика: Лед. ISBN 978-9977-930-07-7 .