Основные переменные биоразнообразия
Основные переменные биоразнообразия (EBV) представляют собой предполагаемый набор параметров, предназначенных для минимального набора широко согласованных и достаточных и достаточных переменных биоразнообразия , по крайней мере, для национального для глобального мониторинга, исследования и прогнозирования биоразнообразия. [ 1 ] Они разрабатываются междисциплинарной группой государственных и академических партнеров по исследованиям. Инициатива направлена на гармонизированную глобальную систему мониторинга биоразнообразия. EBV будут использоваться для информирования показателей изменения биоразнообразия, таких как показатели биоразнообразия CBD для целей AICHI . [ 2 ]
Концепция частично основана на более ранних основных климатических переменных . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Он может быть обобщен как минимальный набор переменных для описания и прогнозирования состояния и динамики системы. Области с более развитыми списками электромобилей включают климат, океан и биоразнообразие. [ 5 ]
Классы / категории EBV
[ редактировать ]Нынешний кандидат EBV занимают шесть классов важной вариабельной биоразнообразия: генетическая композиция, видовые популяции, видовые признаки, состав сообщества, структура экосистем и функцию экосистемы. [ 1 ] В каждом классе есть несколько до нескольких переменных.
Связанные проекты и организации
[ редактировать ]As of 2017, participants in the project consist of the GlobDiversity project (funded by the European Space Agency)[11] under GEO BON (Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network; a cooperative project of international universities),[12] and the GLOBIS-B project (Global Infrastructures for Supporting Biodiversity Research; funded by the EU Horizon 2020 programme)[13]
Development
[edit]The concept was first proposed in 2012[14][15] and developed in the following years.[3][5][7]
The GLOBIS-B global cooperation project, aimed to advance the challenge of practical implementation of EBVs by supporting interoperability and cooperation activities among diverse biodiversity infrastructures, started in 2015.[16] The GlobDiversity project of GEO BON, led by the University of Zurich, started in 2017, focusing on specification and engineering of three RS-enabled EBVs.[9][17]
The scope and screening of potential variables is under ongoing discussion.[10][18][19][8][20][21]
This includes definition of the species distribution EBV and population abundance EBV, operationalisation of the EBV framework, data and tools for building EBV data products, workflow for building EBV data products, metadata and data sharing standards;[6] and possible integration of abiotic variables (e.g. those emphasised in the Ecosystem Integrity framework) with biotic variables (emphasised in the EBV framework) to achieve comprehensive ecosystem monitoring.[22]
"EBV data products" refers to the end product in the EBV information supply chain, from raw observations, to EBV-usable data, to EBV-ready data, to EBV data products. Each of these three types of EBV datasets could be used to produce indicators.[6] Data sources for EBVs are categorised into four types: extensive and intensive monitoring schemes, ecological field studies, and remote sensing.[23] Each have their own often complementary properties, implying that data integration will be important for creation of representative EBVs, as well as identifying and filling data gaps.
References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b "What are EBVs?". GEO BON. 2015-01-26. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
- ^ "Aichi Biodiversity Targets". www.cbd.int. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Pereira, H. M.; Ferrier, S.; Walters, M.; Geller, G. N.; Jongman, R. H. G.; Scholes, R. J.; Bruford, M. W.; Brummitt, N.; Butchart, S. H. M. (2013-01-18). "Essential Biodiversity Variables". Science. 339 (6117): 277–278. Bibcode:2013Sci...339..277P. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.394.5235. doi:10.1126/science.1229931. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 23329036. S2CID 36683730.
- ^ "Essential Climate Variables". World Meteorological Organization. 2017-06-27. Archived from the original on December 17, 2023. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Antonio, Bombelli; Ivette, Serral (2015). "D2.2. EVs current status in different communities and way to move forward".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Jump up to: a b c d Kissling, W. Daniel; Ahumada, Jorge A.; Bowser, Anne; Fernandez, Miguel; Fernández, Néstor; García, Enrique Alonso; Guralnick, Robert P.; Isaac, Nick J. B.; Kelling, Steve (2018). "Building essential biodiversity variables (EBVs) of species distribution and abundance at a global scale". Biological Reviews. 93 (1): 600–625. doi:10.1111/brv.12359. hdl:11572/184229. ISSN 1469-185X. PMID 28766908.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Skidmore, Andrew K.; Pettorelli, Nathalie; Coops, Nicholas C.; Geller, Gary N.; Hansen, Matthew; Lucas, Richard; Mücher, Caspar A.; O'Connor, Brian; Paganini, Marc (2015-07-23). "Environmental science: Agree on biodiversity metrics to track from space". Nature. 523 (7561): 403–405. Bibcode:2015Natur.523..403S. doi:10.1038/523403a. PMID 26201582.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "GLOBIS-B Essential Biodiversity Variables Workshop on Species Traits held in Amsterdam GLOBIS-B". www.globis-b.eu (in Dutch). Retrieved 2017-12-14.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d "The GlobDiversity project has started". GEO BON. 2017-11-01. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Schmeller, Dirk S.; Mihoub, Jean-Baptiste; Bowser, Anne; Arvanitidis, Christos; Costello, Mark J.; Fernandez, Miguel; Geller, Gary N.; Hobern, Donald; Kissling, W. Daniel (2017-11-01). "An operational definition of essential biodiversity variables". Biodiversity and Conservation. 26 (12): 2967–2972. doi:10.1007/s10531-017-1386-9. ISSN 0960-3115. S2CID 24399755.
- ^ "The GlobDiversity Project".
- ^ "Group on earth Observations". 2018-01-17.
- ^ "GLOBIS-B".
- ^ "Frascati Workshop Essential Biodiversity Variables Term of Reference" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2017.
- ^ "Report EBV Meeting Frascati 26-29 February 2012" (PDF).
- ^ Kissling, W. Daniel; Hardisty, Alex; García, Enrique Alonso; Santamaria, Monica; Leo, Francesca De; Pesole, Graziano; Freyhof, Jörg; Manset, David; Wissel, Silvia (2015-07-03). "Towards global interoperability for supporting biodiversity research on essential biodiversity variables (EBVs)" (PDF). Biodiversity. 16 (2–3): 99–107. doi:10.1080/14888386.2015.1068709. ISSN 1488-8386.
- ^ "GEO BON Strategy for Development of EBVs" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-03-24. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
- ^ "GLOBIS-B contributes to a better definition of EBVs GLOBIS-B". www.globis-b.eu (in Dutch). Retrieved 2017-12-14.
- ^ Brummitt, Neil; Regan, Eugenie C.; Weatherdon, Lauren V.; Martin, Corinne S.; Geijzendorffer, Ilse R.; Rocchini, Duccio; Gavish, Yoni; Haase, Peter; Marsh, Charles J.; Schmeller, Dirk S. (2017-09-01). "Taking stock of nature: Essential biodiversity variables explained" (PDF). Biological Conservation. 213: 252–255. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2016.09.006. ISSN 0006-3207.
- ^ Turak, Eren; Harrison, Ian; Dudgeon, David; Abell, Robin; Bush, Alex; Darwall, William; Finlayson, C. Max; Ferrier, Simon; Freyhof, Jörg; Hermoso, Virgilio; Juffe-Bignoli, Diego; Linke, Simon; Nel, Jeanne; Patricio, Harmony C.; Pittock, Jamie; Raghavan, Rajeev; Revenga, Carmen; Simaika, John P.; De Wever, Aaike (2017-09-01). "Essential Biodiversity Variables for measuring change in global freshwater biodiversity". Biological Conservation. 213: 272–279. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2016.09.005. ISSN 0006-3207.
- ^ Vihervaara, Petteri; Auvinen, Ari-Pekka; Mononen, Laura; Törmä, Markus; Ahlroth, Petri; Anttila, Saku; Böttcher, Kristin; Forsius, Martin; Heino, Jani; Heliölä, Janne; Koskelainen, Meri; Kuussaari, Mikko; Meissner, Kristian; Ojala, Olli; Tuominen, Seppo; Viitasalo, Markku; Virkkala, Raimo (2017-04-01). "How Essential Biodiversity Variables and remote sensing can help national biodiversity monitoring". Global Ecology and Conservation. 10: 43–59. doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2017.01.007. ISSN 2351-9894.
- ^ Haase, Peter; Tonkin, Jonathan D.; Stoll, Stefan; Burkhard, Benjamin; Frenzel, Mark; Geijzendorffer, Ilse R.; Häuser, Christoph; Klotz, Stefan; Kühn, Ingolf; McDowell, William H.; Mirtl, Michael; Müller, Felix; Musche, Martin; Penner, Johannes; Zacharias, Steffen; Schmeller, Dirk S. (2018-02-01). "The next generation of site-based long-term ecological monitoring: Linking essential biodiversity variables and ecosystem integrity". Science of the Total Environment. 613–614: 1376–1384. Bibcode:2018ScTEn.613.1376H. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.111. ISSN 0048-9697. PMID 29898505.
- ^ Proença, Vânia; Martin, Laura Jane; Pereira, Henrique Miguel; Fernandez, Miguel; McRae, Louise; Belnap, Jayne; Böhm, Monika; Brummitt, Neil; García-Moreno, Jaime; Gregory, Richard D.; Honrado, João Pradinho; Jürgens, Norbert; Opige, Michael; Schmeller, Dirk S.; Tiago, Patrícia; Van Swaay, Chris A.M. (2017-09-01). "Global biodiversity monitoring: From data sources to Essential Biodiversity Variables". Biological Conservation. 213: 256–263. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2016.07.014. ISSN 0006-3207.