Форт Виннебаго

	Historic Indian Agency House
	U.S. National Register of Historic Places
	Historic Indian Agency House in December 2014
Location	NE end of old Agency House Rd. (Rte.1) near NE city limits, Portage, Wisconsin
Area	1.4 acres (0.57 ha)
Built	1832
Architectural style	Federal, New England Colonial
NRHP reference No.	72000045
Added to NRHP	February 1, 1972

	Fort Winnebago Surgeons Quarters
	U.S. National Register of Historic Places
	Fort Winnebago Surgeons Quarters Historic Site
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Nearest city	Portage, Wisconsin
Coordinates	43°33′16″N 89°25′58″W / 43.55453°N 89.43269°W
Area	3 acres (1.2 ha)
Built	circa 1820-1824
Built by	Francis Le Roi
Architectural style	French colonial log home
NRHP reference No.	70000029
Added to NRHP	October 28, 1970

Форт Виннебаго был укреплением армии Соединенных Штатов 19-го века , расположенной на холме с видом на восточную часть портажа между реками Фокса и Висконсин к востоку от современного Портажа, штат Висконсин . Это был средний из трех укреплений вдоль водного пути Fox-Wisconsin , который также включал Форт Ховард в Грин-Бэй, штат Висконсин и Форт Кроуфорд в Прери-дю Чиен, штат Висконсин . Форт Виннебаго был построен в 1828 году в рамках усилий по поддержанию мира между белыми поселенцами после коренных американцев племенами войны Виннебаго 1827 региона и В войне Виннебаго, но также из-за стратегической важности портажа на водном пути Фокс-Висконсин , сильно пройденная связь между Великими озерами и рекой Миссисипи . Расположение форта Виннебаго возле Портажа позволило ему регулировать транспортировку между озерами и Миссисипи.

За исключением участия войск из форта в войне Черного Ястреба 1832 года , Форт Виннебаго не участвовал ни в каких боевых операциях во время его оккупации армией США. Вместо этого, гарнизон, в который с 1829 по 1831 год был лейтенант Джефферсон Дэвис (позже президент Конфедеративных государств ), был назначен на работу по строительству военной дороги между Портером и Фон -дю Лак, штат Висконсин , и оказание помощи в переводе Нация Ho-Chunk от Висконсина в Миннесоту в 1840-х годах. В 1845 году отсутствие какой -либо реальной угрозы миру в регионе вызвало отказ от форта. Девять лет спустя участок был продан в частные руки, а в 1856 году пожар уничтожил большую часть форта.

History

"The Portage" was a land bridge just 1 1/4 miles wide separating waterways that flow into the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Gulf of Mexico to the south. The Fox River flows north toward Green Bay, providing access to the Great Lakes, the St. Lawrence River, and the Atlantic Ocean. The Wisconsin River flows southwest to the Mississippi River, which empties into the Gulf of Mexico. The area around Portage was an early travel route for Native Americans. Centuries before Europeans arrived, they traversed the 2700-pace footpath between the rivers and recognized it as an important travel route.^[1]

In the early 1800s, the U.S. government recognized the geographical importance of "le Portage", which became known as "Portage". Fort Winnebago was one of three forts built to subjugate the Native Americans and to protect Euro-American commerce along the Fox-Wisconsin water system in the territory that later became the state of Wisconsin. The other two were Fort Howard in Green Bay and Fort Crawford, in Prairie du Chien.

"By Command of Maj.-Gen. Macomb"
"R. Jones, Adjt.-Gen."
"here was necessity for some means of protection to the fur trade from Winnebago (Ho-Chunk) exactions; ... the general government at the solicitation of John Jacob Astor, who was then at the head of the American Fur Company, and upon whose goods the Indians levied tariffs and tolls, authorized the erection of a post at portage."^[2]

Fort Winnebago Surgeons Quarters

Today, all that remain intact are the fort's surgeon's and officers' quarters. This structure now operates as the Fort Winnebago Surgeon's Quarters, a historic house museum operated by the Wisconsin Society Daughters of the American Revolution, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.^[4]^[5] The surgeon's quarters, built circa 1824 at the portage by Francois LeRoi and used as a sutler store, then sold to the US Army as a home for the Fort's surgeon. The building now known as "the Surgeons Quarters" was built in 1824 by Francois Le Roi^[6]^{[failed verification]} and Therese L'Ecuyer, a Métis. In it, they operated a fur trading and sutler's post and a portaging business. It is one of the oldest French colonial log homes in Wisconsin still standing on its original foundation and is the only remaining building of the historic Fort Winnebago, which was active from 1828 through 1845.^{[citation needed]}

Garrison School was built circa 1850 near the former Fort property. Both properties are owned, operated, and maintained by the Wisconsin Society^[7] Daughters of the American Revolution, which operates it as a historic house museum with 19th century period furnishings and fort artifacts. Garrison School, a 19th-century one room schoolhouse that was in use until 1960, was moved from its former location on Garrison Road ^{[clarification needed]} to its current site next to the surgeon's quarters.

Notable residents

John Joseph Abercrombie Lt.^[8]
Jefferson Davis – Lt. 1829-1831^[9]
William S. Harney Cap., Col., Gen.^[9]
John H. Kinzie and Juliette Augusta Magill Kinzie, Indian Sub-Agent^[10]
Randolph B. Marcy – Bvt. Second Lieut., 5th Infantry, 1832-1835^[11]
Edwin Vose Sumner
David E. Twiggs - Maj.^[12]
Charlotte Ouisconsin Clark Van Cleve^[13]^[14]
Horatio P. Van Cleve – Bvt. Second Lieut., 5th Infantry, 1831-1835, 1835-1836 ^[13]^[15]

Indian Agency House

The Fort Winnebago Old Indian Agency House is the only known Indian Agency still located on its original location. Known as the Historic Indian Agency House, it is also an original structure associated with the fort. It was erected in 1832 by the U.S. Government as a residence and office for Indian sub-Agent John H. Kinzie, who served as a liaison between the local Ho Chunk (also known as Winnebago) Nation and the U.S. Government, and his wife, Juliette Augusta Magill Kinzie.^[16] Juliette later wrote a book about the couple's experiences during this time entitled 'Wau-Bun, the "Early Day" in the Northwest'. It has been operated as a museum since 1932 by The National Society of the Colonial Dames of America in the State of Wisconsin.^[17] Artifacts and displays include items about Native American culture.^[18] It is open to the public for visitation May 15 through October 15 each year. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.^[19]

References

^ Payette, Pete and/or Phil. "NORTH AMERICAN FORTS 1526 - 1956. A Catalogue and Gazetteer of Forts and Fortresses, Trading Posts, Camps, Stockades, Blockhouses, Garrisons, Arsenals, and Seacoast Batteries in the United States and Canada and Associated Territories".
^ Wisconsin Historical Collections. Vol. XIV. State Historical Society of Wisconsin. 1898. p. 72.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
^ "Pierre Paquette. The Early History of Fort Winnebago... | Turning Points in Wisconsin History | Wisconsin Historical Society". Wisconsinhistory.org. Retrieved 2015-07-09.
^ "Fort Winnebago - Wisconsin Historical Markers on". Waymarking.com. Retrieved 2015-07-09.
^ Turner, Andrew Jackson. "The History of Fort Winnebago" (PDF). Library of Congress.
^ "Wisconsin Society Daughters of the American Revolution". Wsdar.com. November 11, 2013. Retrieved April 27, 2014.
^ Turner, Andrew Jackson. "The History of Fort Winnebago" (PDF). Library of Congress.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Davis, Varina. "Chapter 7: Fort Winnebago". Jefferson Davis: Ex-President of the Confederate States of America, A Memoir by his Wife. Vol. 1. pp. 1829–31 – via Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University.
^ Kinzie, Juliette M. (1856). Wau-Bun: The "Early Day" in the North-West. New York: Derby & Jackson – via Internet Archive.
^ Register of Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy Class of 1832. Vol. I. p. 521 – via penelope.uchicago.edu.
^ Wisconsin Historical Collections. Vol. XIV. State Historical Society of Wisconsin. 1898. p. 72.
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b "Horatio P. Van Cleve and family papers". Minnesota Historical Society. 1827–1970.
^ Mrs. Van Cleve left us her Life-Long Memories of Fort Snelling, Minnesota, and Other Parts of the West (1888).
^ Register of Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy Class of 1831. Vol. I. p. 487 – via penelope.uchicago.edu.
^ "Home page". Historic Indian Agency House. Archived from the original on 2011-12-20. Retrieved 2012-02-02.
^ "Historic Indian Agency House - Portage". Agencyhouse.org. Retrieved 2015-07-09.
^ "Educational Opportunities". Historic Indian Agency House. Retrieved 2012-02-02.
^ "Indian Agency House". City of Portage. Retrieved 2012-02-02.

External links

Fort Winnebago Historical Site
Fort Winnebago Surgeons' Quarters - Wisconsin Society Daughters of the American Revolution
Историческое индийское агентство Дом
Исторические американские ландшафтные обследования (HALS) № Wi-4-A, « Форт-Виннебаго Кладбище, Лота солдат, шоссе Е.Е., Портедж, округ Колумбия, Висконсин », 15 фотографий, 2 страницы подписи фотографий

43 ° 33′17 ″ N 89 ° 26′00 ″ W / 43,55472 ° N 89,43333 ° W / 43,55472; -89.43333

[1] Payette, Pete and/or Phil. "NORTH AMERICAN FORTS 1526 - 1956. A Catalogue and Gazetteer of Forts and Fortresses, Trading Posts, Camps, Stockades, Blockhouses, Garrisons, Arsenals, and Seacoast Batteries in the United States and Canada and Associated Territories".

[wisconsin2-2] Wisconsin Historical Collections. Vol. XIV. State Historical Society of Wisconsin. 1898. p. 72.

[nris-3] Jump up to: ^a ^b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.

[4] "Pierre Paquette. The Early History of Fort Winnebago... | Turning Points in Wisconsin History | Wisconsin Historical Society". Wisconsinhistory.org. Retrieved 2015-07-09.

[5] "Fort Winnebago - Wisconsin Historical Markers on". Waymarking.com. Retrieved 2015-07-09.

[Turner-6] Turner, Andrew Jackson. "The History of Fort Winnebago" (PDF). Library of Congress.

[7] "Wisconsin Society Daughters of the American Revolution". Wsdar.com. November 11, 2013. Retrieved April 27, 2014.

[Turner2-8] Turner, Andrew Jackson. "The History of Fort Winnebago" (PDF). Library of Congress.

[davis-9] Jump up to: ^a ^b Davis, Varina. "Chapter 7: Fort Winnebago". Jefferson Davis: Ex-President of the Confederate States of America, A Memoir by his Wife. Vol. 1. pp. 1829–31 – via Perseus Digital Library, Tufts University.

[10] Kinzie, Juliette M. (1856). Wau-Bun: The "Early Day" in the North-West. New York: Derby & Jackson – via Internet Archive.

[11] Register of Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy Class of 1832. Vol. I. p. 521 – via penelope.uchicago.edu.

[wisconsin-12] Wisconsin Historical Collections. Vol. XIV. State Historical Society of Wisconsin. 1898. p. 72.

[vancleve-13] Jump up to: ^a ^b "Horatio P. Van Cleve and family papers". Minnesota Historical Society. 1827–1970.

[14] Mrs. Van Cleve left us her Life-Long Memories of Fort Snelling, Minnesota, and Other Parts of the West (1888).

[15] Register of Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy Class of 1831. Vol. I. p. 487 – via penelope.uchicago.edu.

[16] "Home page". Historic Indian Agency House. Archived from the original on 2011-12-20. Retrieved 2012-02-02.

[17] "Historic Indian Agency House - Portage". Agencyhouse.org. Retrieved 2015-07-09.

[18] "Educational Opportunities". Historic Indian Agency House. Retrieved 2012-02-02.

[19] "Indian Agency House". City of Portage. Retrieved 2012-02-02.

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