Фелиция Тенелла
| Фелиция Тенелла | |
|---|---|
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Научная классификация 
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| Королевство: | Plantae |
| Клада : | Трахеофиты |
| Клада : | Покрытосеменные |
| Клада : | Eudicots |
| Клада : | Звездочки |
| Заказ: | Астералс |
| Семья: | Asteraceae |
| Род: | Фелиция |
| Раздел: | Фелисия секта. Фелиция |
| Species: | F. tenella
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| Binomial name | |
| Felicia tenella | |
| Subspecies | |
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| Synonyms | |
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Felicia Tenella - это ежегодное , иногда два года , травянистое растение , которое может быть слегка древесным у его основания, из 5–70 cm (2–27+1⁄2 in) tall, that is assigned to the family Asteraceae. The species is very variable in size and hairiness. Its branches may be erect or ascending, and the leaves are narrowly line-shaped, 2–5 см ( 4 ~ 5–2 дюйма) длиной и около 1 мм (0,04 дюйма). Листья имеют безземелый наконечник, не имеют видимых нервов и в основном являются жестко килиатами. Цветочные головки сидят индивидуально на кончике стеблей, имеют инвентаризацию трех палкенов и около тридцати светло -голубых лучевых цветочков, окружающих множество желтых дисковых цветов. Четыре подвида признаны. Вид естественным образом встречается в северных провинциях Кейпа и Западного Кейпа Южной Африки. [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Описание
[ редактировать ]Felicia Tenella subsp. Tenella - деликатное, ежегодное , часто богато разветвленное травянистое растение до 45 cm (1+2⁄5 ft) high. The leaves are arranged alternately, line-shaped in outline, broadly seated, up to 21 ~ 2 см (1 дюйм) длиной и 1 мм, редко 1 1 ~ 2 мм (0,04–0,06 дюйма) шириной, темно, редко голый, несколько сочный, с явно ускоренным краем. Вены не видно. Верхние части стеблей несут листья, которые лишь немного короче нижних листьев. [2][3]
The flower heads are medium-sized and sit individually at the tip of an indistinct, up to 6 cm (2+2⁄5 in) long, bristly glandular inflorescence stalk. The involucre that envelops the florets is up to 5 mm (0.20 in) in diameter, and consists of about three rows of overlapping bracts that are lance-shaped to inverted lance-shaped. The bracts in the outer whorl are about 3 mm (0.12 in) long and 0.3 mm (0.012 in) wide, and those in the inner whorl about 4 mm (0.16 in) long and 1 mm (0.039 in), suddenly extending to a narrow pointed tip, and all are bristly glandular and contain resin ducts.[2]
About thirty female ray florets have light blue straps of about 1 cm (0.4 in) long and 11⁄2 mm (0.06 in) wide. In the center of the head are many yellow, bisexual disc florets of about 21⁄2 mm (0.1 in) long. In the center of the corolla of each disc floret are five anthers merged into a tube, through which the style grows when the floret opens, hoovering up the pollen on its shaft. The style in both ray- and disc florets forks, and at the tip of both style branches is a broadly triangular appendage.[2]
Surrounding the base of the corolla are many white, deciduous pappus bristles of about 21⁄2 mm (0.1 in) long, that are clearly serrated. The eventually black, dry, one-seeded, indehiscent fruits called cypselae are inverted egg-shaped, about 11⁄2 mm (0.06 in) long and 1⁄2 mm (0.02 in) wide, without a ridge along the margin, and set with spoon-shaped hairs on its surface.[2]
The species is diploid with a base chromosome number of 9 (2n=18).[2]
Differences between the subspecies
[edit]
Felicia tenella subsp. cotuloides grows to a height of only 20 cm (7.9 in) and is also higher up richly branching and laxly covered in leaves. The plants are often reddish and densely covered in relatively large glands. The involucre is small, mostly only about 2 mm (0.079 in) across, the style appendages short with 0.3 mm (0.012 in), and the pappus is 11⁄2 mm long, near the base with strong teeth but narrowed near the tip. The involucral bracts are blunt, hardly can a narrowed tip be observed.
Felicia tenella subsp. longifolia is the most variable of the subspecies that may reach a height of about 30 cm (1 ft), and form ascending shoots that may root at the nodes. It may have a woody base and flower more than one year. Its leaves are up to about 5 cm (2 in) long and almost form a rosette at the base, while the large flower heads are on long, approximately leafless pedicles. The involucral bracts are blunt, hardly can a narrowed tip be observed.
Felicia tenella subsp. pusilla may grow to about 20 cm (8 in) tall. The shoots at the base do not develop roots, the flower heads are medium-sized, larger than in subsp. cotuloides but smaller than in subsp. tenella.[2]
Taxonomy
[edit]Aster tenellus, that was figured by the early English botanist Leonard Plukenet in 1692, was the first species recorded that is now included in the genus Felicia. The first to describe this species was Carl Linnaeus in 1763, based on a specimen from his private herbarium, and he called it Aster tenellus. In 1820, Henri Cassini described Felicia fragilis, which he erroneously considers to be synonymous to Aster fragilis L.. In 1822, Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link assigned Linnaeus’ species to the genus Cineraria, creating C. tenella. In 1833, Nees von Esenbeck included the species in the genus Felicia, creating the new combination F. tenella. William Henry Harvey distinguished Aster tenellus var. robustus in 1865. David Moore again moved the species in 1899, now to the genus Detris, that is currently considered a synonym of Felicia, creating the name D. tenella. Jürke Grau in his 1973 Revision of the genus Felicia, distinguished four subspecies, and assigned all the above names to subspecies tenella.[2]
In 1828, Kurt Polycarp Joachim Sprengel described Kaulfussia ciliata. Augustin Pyramus de Candolle described Felicia cotuloides and F. longifolia in 1836. Harvey regarded these as Aster tenellus var. cotuloides and var. longifolia respectively, and also distinguished the new var. pusilla in 1865. Grau in 1973 made the new combinations Felicia tenella subsp. longifolia, subsp. cotuloides and subsp. pusilla, the first being a synonym of Kaulfussia ciliata.[2]
Typical representatives of all four subspecies are quite distinctive, and three of them were considered individual species in the past. Grau however, notes that the four taxa grade into each other, and gave them subspecies status.[2]
Вид название Tenella является латинской и означает «несколько нежный». [ 4 ]
Распределение, сохранение и выращивание
[ редактировать ]Felicia Tenella subsp. Тенелла наиболее распространена на полуострове Кейп , но также встречается недалеко от Вустера и Хоупфилда . Подпрокат Cotuloides занимает полосу между Кальвинией на севере до Бредасдорпа на юге. Подпрокат Longifolia колеблется от полуострова Кейп до Риверсдейла на востоке, где это происходит в дюнах. Подпрокат Pusilla простирается от полуострова Кейп до Ванринсдорпа на севере. [ 2 ] Продолжающееся выживание всех четырех подвидов Felicia Tenella считается наименьшей проблемой , потому что их популяция стабильна. [ 5 ] Этот вид долгое время выращивался в Европе. [ 2 ]
Ссылки
[ редактировать ]- ^ «Фелиция Тенелла (Л.) Нейс» . Список растений .
- ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный в дюймовый и фон глин час я Дж k л Grau, J. (1973). «Пересмотр Гаттунг Фелиции (Asteraceae)» . Сообщения из Мюнхенской Ботанической Государственной Коллекции . IX : 453–456 . Получено 2017-11-12 .
- ^ Подпрыгнуть до: а беременный «Компиляция - Фелиция Тенелла» . JSTOR Global Plants .
- ^ «Фелиция нежна» . Касабио .
- ^ «Список видов: Фелисия» . Санби красный список южноафриканских растений .