Лосария Кун
| Общий клубный хвост | |
|---|---|
| |
| мужчина L. c. Doubledayi , Таиланд | |
Научная классификация 
| |
| Домен: | Эукариота |
| Королевство: | Животное |
| Филум: | Членистоногие |
| Сорт: | Инсекта |
| Заказ: | Лепидоптера |
| Family: | Papilionidae |
| Genus: | Losaria |
| Species: | L. coon
|
| Binomial name | |
| Losaria coon | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Atrophaneura coon — Fabricius, 1793 | |
Лосария Кун , общий клубной хвост , является бабочкой, принадлежащей к семье ласточки , Papilionidae. Бабочка принадлежит клубным хвостам , роду Losaria . [ 1 ] Он включает в себя несколько подвидов и встречается на Никобарских островах и Ассаме в Индии , на восток до Хайнана в Китае и на юге через Индокитай , до Явы и других островов Индонезии и Бангладеш.
Описание
[ редактировать ]Бабочка имеет размах крыльев от 100 до 120 миллиметров (от 3,9 до 4,7 дюйма). Оба пола, как правило, одинаковы, однако женщины имеют более широкие крылья и более короткие хвосты. Бабочка имеет длинные и узкие крылья и характерный лопаток хвоста, который дает ему название. Перед допромом черное с бледной маркировкой между венами. Две трети ячейки задних крыльев белые с рядом белых пятен вокруг нее. Он имеет малиновые или сумеречные белые лунки вдоль края и диск.
Подробное описание, как указано в Bingham (1907), выглядит следующим образом: [ 2 ]
Male upperside dull black, paler on the fore than on the hind wing. Fore wing with very conspicuous pale streaks, two in each interspace that extend well into the cell, but do not reach the termen, where the dull black ground-colour forms a broadish transverse band. Hind wing black, with in fresh specimens in certain lights a beautiful blue gloss; a central large white area composed of a white patch in the apical two-thirds of the cell and more or less elongate spots of varying breadth at base of interspaces 1-7, all these very distinctly divided by the broadly black-bordered veins, the spot in interspace 4 more or less obsolescent; lastly, a subterminal row of more or less crescentic white spots, the lower two shaded with crimson followed by a crimson tornal and a terminal similar but brighter spot at apex of vein 3, the spatulate tail black. Underside similar; the ground-colour duller. Hind wing: a white discal spot often in interspace below vein 1, the lower two spots of the terminal series entirely crimson. Antennae, thorax and abdomen above up to the preanal segment black; head, palpi, sides of the thorax and rest of the abdomen crimson, the abdomen with black lateral spots.
Женщина похожая; Переднее крыло бледнее. Заднее крыло: центральная белая маркировки больше, подмотки в промежуточном месте 2 белых, коаллев с малиновым торнальным пятном. Антенны, голова, грудная клетка и живот, как у мужчин
Bingham describes race cacharensis, Butler, the subspecies found in Cachar (Assam) as follows:
Males and females smaller, with the ground-colour duller and the discal white spots on the hind wing conspicuously-reduced in size. According to Rothschild the subterminal and terminal markings are also paler, often yellowish red. Head, sides of breast and abdomen of a yellowish-red instead of vermilion-red.
The common clubtail is a woodland species which may be found both in the plains and the hills. This butterfly is found in Assam, Manipur and the Nicobar Islands (India), through mainland Southeast Asia, east to Hainan (China), and south to the Indonesian islands of Sumatra, Java and Bawean. It is absent from Borneo.
Subspecies
[edit]Losaria coon has eight subspecies, excluding the former L. palu, now regarded as the separate species Losaria palu (Palu swallowtail).
There are eight subspecies reported for this species:[4]
- the nominate subspecies coon
- doubledayi (Wallace, 1865)
- cacharensis (Butler, 1885)
- sambilanga (Doherty, 1886)
- delianus (Fruhstorfer, 1895)
- palembanganus (Rothschild, 1896)
- patianus (Fruhstorfer, 1898)
- insperatus (Joicey & Talbot, 1921)
Subspecies of the common clubtail found in India are:[5]
- Losaria coon cacharensis (Butler, 1885) Assam (where rare), Meghalaya east and south as far as Peninsular Malaysia
- Losaria coon sambilanga (Doherty, 1886) Nicobar Islands of India (very rare) and when found in the Nicobar Islands it is protected under Indian law.[6]
Habits
[edit]It has been recorded in Manipur during February and April and from July to October. The distinctive black and yellow/orange/red (depending on subspecies) markings and slow flight indicate that it is a protected butterfly being inedible due to sequestration of certain chemicals from the plants that the caterpillar feeds on.
Food plant
[edit]- Apama tomentosa
Life cycle
[edit]The caterpillar is variable in colour and ranges from reddish grey to black and has many black spots and stripes.
See also
[edit]Cited references
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b Häuser, Christoph L.; de Jong, Rienk; Lamas, Gerardo; Robbins, Robert K.; Smith, Campbell; Vane-Wright, Richard I. (28 July 2005). "Papilionidae – revised GloBIS/GART species checklist (2nd draft)". Entomological Data Information System. Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Germany. Archived from the original on 9 September 2010. Retrieved 21 June 2013.
- ^ Bingham, C.T. (1907). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. II (1st ed.). London: Taylor and Francis, Ltd.
- ^ Philip Lo; Shawan Chowdhury; Eresha Fernando; Moonen, Jan; Kehimkar, Isaac; Jangid, Ashish (2019-02-28). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Losaria coon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. doi:10.2305/iucn.uk.2020-2.rlts.t121971752a170538377.en. S2CID 241944027. Retrieved 2021-05-20.
- ^ Fernando, E., Jangid, A.K., Chowdhury, S., Kehimar, I., Lo, P. & Moonen, J. 2019. Losaria coon. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T121971752A122602136. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T121971752A122602136.en
- ^ Cotton, Adam; Fric, Zdenek Faltynek; Smith, Colin; Smetacek, Peter (March 2013). "Subspecies catalogue of the butterflies of India (Papilionidae): A Synopsis" (PDF). Bionotes. 15 (1): 5–8. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
- ^ Collins, N. Mark; Morris, Michael G. (1985). Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book. Gland & Cambridge: IUCN. ISBN 978-2-88032-603-6 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
Additional references
[edit]- Carter, David. (1992, 2000) Dorling Kindersley Handbook of Butterflies and Moths. London. ISBN 0-7513-2707-7
- Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society.
- Haribal, Meena (1992). The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and Their Natural History. Gangtok, Sikkim, India: Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
- Rahman, M.S., Haidar, I.K.A., Neogi, A.K., Hasan, M.A.U., Rahman, M.M. and Imam, S.M.S 2016. First record of six species and subspecies of butterflies (Insecta: Lepidoptera) in Bangladesh. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 2 (3): 373–380.
- Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. ISBN 978-8170192329.
External links
[edit]
Media related to Atrophaneura coon at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Losaria coon at Wikispecies
