Саламанка, Чили
Саламанка | |
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 Flag  Coat of arms  Map of Salamanca in the Coquimbo Region   Salamanca Location in Chile | |
| Coordinates: 31°46′S 70°58′W / 31.767°S 70.967°W | |
| Country |  Chile |
| Region |  Coquimbo |
| Province | Choapa |
| Founded by | Joaquín de Ceballo |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipality |
| • Alcalde | Gerardo Rojas Escudero (PPD) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 3,445.3 km2 (1,330.2 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 632 m (2,073 ft) |
| Population (2012 Census)[2] | |
| • Total | 25,326 |
| • Density | 7.4/km2 (19/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 12,689 |
| • Rural | 11,805 |
| Sex | |
| • Men | 13,043 |
| • Women | 11,451 |
| Time zone | UTC−4 (CLT) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−3 (CLST) |
| Area code | 56 + 53 |
| Website | Municipality of Salamanca |
Salamanca - это чилийский город и коммуна в провинции Чаапа , регион Коуимбо . Он расположен в 30 км (19 миль) к востоку от Иллапеля , административного центра провинции, и 316 км (196 миль) к северу от Сантьяго, Чили . Обычно доступ к Los Vilos , который находится рядом с панамерским шоссе , и соединяет город с остальной частью страны.
Саламанка сидит на северном берегу реки Чаапа и в долине Чопа. Он был официально основан в 1844 году Хоакином де -Себальто , губернатором Иллапеля.
Он обслуживается аэропортом Лас Бруджас .
История
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Город Саламанка был основан 29 ноября 1844 года исполняющим обязанности губернатора Иллапеля Хоакина Себальоса по разрешению Совета по больницам Сантьяго на территории Гасиенды Чоапа, в то время, принадлежащем благотворительной организации. Поместье принадлежало Матильде Саламанке, чья собственность завещательными расположением изначально управлялась Церковью (1820), а затем по указу Верховного директора Бернардо О'Хиггинса , датированного 1 сентября 1821 года, доставленным на общественное благосостояние. Он был расположен на северном берегу реки Чаапа , рядом с древним индийским местом, которое составляло часть «Компет -Хоапа» и стоял в том месте, которое сейчас известно как Халинга. К 1897 году в Саламанке уже было 2000 жителей, в то время как Халинга 367 Записанные документы, которые дата, которые описываются как небольшая деревня, завод которого состоит из 48 блоков, разделенных на прямые улицы «обычная ширина». Церковь уже имела, телеграфные офисные и гражданские регистрации и место муниципалитета составляют юрисдикцию в отношении подразделений в Пералилло Серро Чико и Саламанке.
Of the many farms that were part of the Choapa Making, some were parceled under the Homestead Act of 1928. however, in 1959 when the Agrarian Reform Corporation does not acquire the National Health Service (legal successor of the Public Welfare), the estates that formed the Hacienda Choapa, they still amounted to 253,000 has, Of which. Just over 8,000 acres were irrigated.
In the late sixties as a result of the CORA program, a program of concentration of rural population Choapa Valley holds in villages that are located on both banks of the river of the same name, setting urban areas in 1982.
Early inhabitants
[edit]Its area has a long human occupation since the last glaciation. After finally succeeding 10,000 years ago these human groups have come parajes. Also, this town is known to be considered in previous years as a city witch, faithfully represented by autochthonous people like Jose Maria Olguin, of which several stories are told.
Early occupation
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Between 8000 and 2500 BC, walking these bands of hunter-gatherer land, which are transferred from the coast in search of food. Gradually accessing these groups will develop an incipient agriculture (especially corn) associated with hunting guanacos.
Between 300 BC and 200, burst into the valley agroalfareras populations originating in northwestern Argentina. Precisely these are from the first archaeological evidence of our past, as evidenced by the findings of St. Augustine, Grove, Chillepín, Panguesillo and Salamanca.
Molle culture
[edit]These people, of uncertain origin, lived in valleys and gorges, relying on agriculture and livestock. They had simple knowledge of gold, silver, and copper metallurgy. They make simple pottery, knew the use of snuff or the like in the region and introduce a lip ornament made of stone: the tembetá. Limited data on this culture for concluding that development in the area was marginal.
Diaguita culture
[edit]Theoretically it is believed that diaguitas came to Chile to the tenth century from Argentine northwest, across the mountains and valleys populating North Chico. The entities diaguitas tribes in the valley preferably devoted to hunting, agriculture and breeding, forming a pattern of semi-villager or villager settlement. The diaguitas developed a rich pottery finally decorated with geometric motifs, which evolved technically to the arrival of the Incas . Their political organization was characterized as constituted " dual lordships ," i.e., the manors were divided into two installments, each governed by a chief lord . One half corresponded to the coast, the other part to the mountains or "top " of the valley where the valley diaguitas Choapa domains were located. Although the authors can not specify, or petroglyphs marked stones of the valley tend to be associated with diaguita . These stones and boulders covered with signs and drawings, are something of a precursor of writing, a way of perpetuating certain facts or data. Characteristics are petroglyphs Panguesillo, Chillepín, Jorquera, Santa Rosa, Cerro Chico and Salamanca.
Inca rule
[edit]The ruler Tupac Inca Yupanqui (1471-1493) is credited with the conquest of the south extending their domains Tahuantisuyo in Diaguita territory. The expedition was prepared under the leadership of General Sinchiruca, with over ten thousand soldiers who fought for six years between Copiapo and Aconcagua. Some argue that the Inca domination lasted 50 to 75 years until the arrival of the Spaniards.
The Inca invasion left across the region Choapa its civilizing footprint, managing to introduce a more rational exploitation on crops, taught the construction of roads and irrigation canals, as likewise the production of textiles, pottery and various household utensils. After the Inca invasion of Chile, of the Cordilleran area Petorca spent the Inca Trail in central Chile. The same was followed by Diego de Almagro (1536) and Pedro de Valdivia (1540) to enter the Aconcagua Valley and the Valley of the Mapocho River. Is interesting to note the existence of vestiges of "this Inca road" route built to transport military, trade and communications to maintain Incanato. This road was part of a network of twenty thousand kilometers paths between mountains and valleys. Since much remains are known in the valleys and Alicahue Petorca. In 1984 a section up to Cuncumén and Conchuca the dairy farm (dairy farms were places of rest and replenishment) was discovered. There are precedents for the existence of a coastal Inca Trail (still unknown), it must have passed through La Serena, Illapel and Ligua.
Demographics
[edit]According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Salamanca spans an area of 3,445.3 km2 (1,330 sq mi) and has 24,494 inhabitants (13,043 men and 11,451 women). Of these, 12,689 (51.8%) lived in urban areas and 11,805 (48.2%) in rural areas. The population grew by 5.9% (1,368 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses.[2]
Administration
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As a commune, Salamanca is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Gerardo Rojas Escudero (PPD). The council has the following members:[1]
- Pedro Chávez González
- Roberto Rondanelli Hidalgo
- Rubén Sacre Barlaro
- Omar Alamos Calderón
- Carlos Rojas Tapia
- Enrique Tapia
Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Salamanca is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Adriana Muñoz (PDC) and Luis Lemus (Ind.) as part of the 9th electoral district, (together with Combarbalá, Punitaqui, Monte Patria, Illapel, Los Vilos, Canela). The commune is represented in the Senate by Evelyn Matthei Fornet (UDI) and Jorge Pizarro Soto (PDC) as part of the 4th senatorial constituency (Coquimbo Region).
Panorama
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Municipal Cemetery Salamanca
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Municipal Cemetery Salamanca -
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Municipal Cemetery Salamanca (Right) -
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Gallery
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Деревня Чучиньи -
Окрестности в Саламанке -
Квадрат Агирре
Ссылки
[ редактировать ]- ^ Jump up to: а беременный «Муниципалитет Саламанки» (на испанском). Архивировано из оригинала 5 марта 2002 года . Получено 13 ноября 2010 года .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в дюймовый «Национальный институт статистики» (на испанском) . Получено 13 ноября 2010 года .
Внешние ссылки
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- (на испанском) муниципалитет Саламанки
