Графиня Суррей

Gten или Gtena (латынь: Gundrada ) (умер 27 мая 1085 г.) ^{[ 1 ]} Была ли рождана фламандской женой раннего норманданского барона Уильяма де Варрена, 1-го графа Суррея . Она и ее муж основали «Приорат Льюиса» в Сассексе.

Жизнь

Гунд почти наверняка родился во Фландрии и был сестрой Гербода Флеминга , 1 -го графа Честера , и, следовательно, дочерью Гербода, наследственного защитника аббатства Святого Бертина . ^{[ 2 ]}^{[ 3 ]}^{[ 4 ]}^{[ 5 ]} Она явно так называется Орден Виталис , ^{[ 6 ]} а также хроника Аббатства Хайда. ^{[ 7 ]} Она также была сестрой Фредерика Оостерзеле-Шельдевиндеке, которая была убита в 1070 году . ^{[ 8 ]}

Главный женился до 1070 ^{[ 9 ]} Уильям де Варенн, 1 -й граф Суррей (ум. 20 июня 1088 г.), ^{[ 1 ]} который восстановил замок Льюиса , делая его своей главной резиденцией. Где -то между 1078 и 1082, ^{[ 10 ]} Гуд и ее муж отправились в Рим, посещая монастыри по пути. В Бургундии они не смогли пойти дальше из -за войны между императором Генрихом IV и папой Григорием VII . Они посетили Клуни Аббатство и были впечатлены монахами и их преданностью. Уильям и Гид решили найти Cluniac Priory на своих собственных землях в Англии. Они послали Хью , аббату Клуни, чтобы монахи приехали в Англию в их монастыре. Хью был неохотно, но в конце концов послал несколько монахов, в том числе Лазло, который стал первым аббатом. Дом, который они основали, был «Приорат Льюиса» , посвященный Святым Панкрасам . ^[11]^[12] Gundred died in childbirth on 27 May 1085 at Castle Acre, Norfolk, one of her husband's estates, and was buried at the chapter house of Lewes Priory.^[1]^[12] He was later buried beside her.^[13]

Tombstone

In the course of the centuries which followed, both tombstones disappeared from the priory. In 1774 Edward Clarke discovered Gundred's in Isfield Church (seven miles from Lewes), over the remains of Edward Shirley, Esq., who died in 1550. William Burrell had it removed on 2 October 1775 to St John's Church, Southover, where it was placed on display.^[14]^[15]

In 1845, during excavations through the Priory grounds for the Brighton Lewes and Hastings Railway, the lead chests containing the remains of the Earl and his Countess were discovered and were deposited temporarily beneath Gundred's tombstone.^[14] In 1847 a Norman Revival chapel was erected by public subscription, adjoining the present vestry and chancel. Before the remains were reinterred in this chapel, both chests were opened to ascertain if there were any contents, which was found to be the case. New chests were made and used, and the ancient ones preserved and placed in two recessed arches in the southern wall. The Earl's chest has lost some lead. Gundred's chest remains in a good state of preservation. Across the upper part of the right arch is the name Gvndrada. Her tombstone is of black Tournai marble.^[16]

Family

The children of William de Warenne and Gundred were:

William II de Warenne (d. 11 May 1138), buried in Lewes Priory.^[2]^[17]
Reginald de Warenne, an adherent of Robert of Normandy.^[2]^[13]
Edith de Warenne, married first Gerard de Gournay, Lord of Gournay-en-Bray^[18] and second Drew de Monchy.^[2]^[13]

Controversy on parentage

Claims based in part on the non-contemporary Lewes Priory cartulary^[a] suggested Gundred was a daughter of William the Conqueror by his spouse Matilda of Flanders,^[19] but this is not accepted by most modern historians.^[20]^[21] The early-19th-century writer Thomas Stapleton had argued she was a daughter of Matilda born prior to her marriage to Duke William.^[22] This theory sparked a debate consisting of a series of published papers. It culminated with those of Edmond Chester Waters and Edward Augustus Freeman, who argued the theories could not be supported.^[23]^[24]^[b] Nonetheless, this purported relationship between Gundred and the Conqueror continues to appear,^[25]^[26] despite being dismissed by modern scholars.

Notes

^ The Lewes priory cartulary was compiled centuries after the time of the purported foundation documents copied within, and these documents are thought to have been altered or forged to provide desirable royal parentage for the priory's patron family. For more information on these charters see: English Historical Documents 1042-1189, ed. David C. Douglas, George W. Greenaway, Vol. II (Oxford University Press, New York, 1953), p. 605; L.C. Loyd, 'The Origin of the Family of Warenne' ‘’Yorks Archaeol. Journal’’, vol. xxxi, pp. 97-113; and C. T. Clay, ‘'Early Yorkshire Charters’’, vol. VIII (1949), pp. 59.-62.
^ For an extensive discussion regarding the participants in this nineteenth-century debate see: Victoria Chandler, 'Gundrada de Warenne and the Victorian Gentlemen-Scholars', Southern History, Vol. 12 (1990), pp. 68-81

References

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c G. E. Cokayne, The Complete Peerage, vol. xii/1 (The St. Catherine Press, London, 1953), p. 494
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d Early Yorkshire Charters, ed: William Farrer, Charles Travis Clay, Volume VIII - The Honour of Warenne (The Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1949), pp. 40-46
^ Anderson, Freda (1992). "Uxor Mea: The First Wife of the First William of Warenne". Sussex Archaeological Collections. 130: 107–8. doi:10.5284/1086107.
^ Elisabeth van Houts, 'Epitaph of Gundrada of Warenne', Nova de Veteribus, Mitel-und neulateinische Studien fur Paul Gerhard Schmidt (K.G. Saur, Munchen Leipzig, 2004), p. 372
^ P. Anselme de Sainte-Marie, Histoire de la maison royale de France et des grands officiers de la Couronne, V.6 (Estienne Loyson, 1674), p. 26
^ Ordericus Vitalis, The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy, Translated by Thomas Forester, Vol. ii, (Henry G. Bohn, London, MDCCCLIV (1854), p. 49
^ Hyde Abbey, Liber Monasterii de Hyda: Comprising a Chronicle of the affairs of England, (Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, London, 1866), Introduction, p. xcvii. Note: the anonymous Hyde chronicler identified two of Gundred's brothers, Gerbod, Earl of Chester and Frederick.
^ Elisabeth van Houts, 'Frederick, Brother-in-Law of William of Warenne', Anglo-Saxon England, Vol. 28 (1999), pp. 218-220
^ Elisabeth van Houts, 'The Warenne View of the Past 1066-1203)', Anglo-Norman Studies XXIV, Proceedings of the Battle Conference 2003, Vol. 26 (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 2004), p. 104 & n. 8
^ Early Yorkshire Charters, ed: William Farrer, Charles Travis Clay, Volume VIII - The Honour of Warenne (The Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1949), p. 4
^ B. Golding, 'The Coming of the Cluniacs', Anglo-Norman Studies III; Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1980, Vol. iii (Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 1981), pp. 65, 67
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Early Yorkshire Charters, ed: William Farrer, Charles Travis Clay, Volume VIII - The Honour of Warenne (The Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1949), pp. 50-55
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c G. E. Cokayne, The Complete Peerage, vol. xii/1 (The St. Catherine Press, London, 1953), p. 495 note (b)
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Elisabeth van Houts, 'Epitaph of Gundrada of Warenne', Nova de Veteribus, Mitel-und neulateinische Studien fur Paul Gerhard Schmidt (K.G. Saur, Munchen Leipzig, 2004), p. 367
^ Thomas Walker Horsfield; Gideon Algernon Mantell (1824). The History and Antiquities of Lewes and Its Vicinity. J. Baxter. p. 116.
^ Elisabeth van Houts, 'Epitaph of Gundrada of Warenne', Nova de Veteribus, Mitel-und neulateinische Studien fur Paul Gerhard Schmidt (K.G. Saur, Munchen Leipzig, 2004), pp. 366,368-9
^ G. E. Cokayne, The Complete Peerage, vol. xii/1 (The St. Catherine Press, London, 1953), pp. 495-6
^ "A Database of Crusaders to the Holy LNd, 1095-1149". Archived from the original on 2 February 2017.
^ George Floyd Duckett, 'Observations on the Parentage of Gundreda, Countess of Warenne', The Yorkshire Archaeological and Topographical Journal, Vol. ix, Part xxxiii, 1885, pp. 421-437 Note: Sir George Duckett, Bart., was the leading proponent of the theory that Gundred was the daughter of William the Conqueror and Matilda
^ G. E. Cokayne, The Complete Peerage, vol. xii/1 (The St. Catherine Press, London, 1953), p. 494 note (j)
^ David C. Doulgas, William the Conqueror (University of California Press, 1964), p. 392
^ Stapleton, Thomas, 'Observations in disproof of the pretended marriage of William de Warren, Earl of Surrey, with a daughter begotten of Matildis, daughter of Baldwin, Comte of Flanders, by William the Conqueror, and illustrative of the origin and early history of the family in Normandy', The Archaeological Journal 3 (1846):1-26 Note: despite the confusing title Stapleton's theory was that Gundred was a daughter of Matilda of Flanders by an earlier marriage.
^ Edmond Chester Waters, 'Gundrada de Warenne', The Archaeological Journal, Vol. xli (London, 1884), pp. 300-312
^ Edward A. Freeman, 'The Parentage of Gundrada, Wife of William of Warren', The English Historical Review, Vol. 3, No. 12 (October 1888), pp. 680-701
^ Rene Beckley, Ancient Walls of East Anglia (Terence Dalton, Ltd., Lavenham, Suffolk, 1979), p. 66
^ Charles Cooper, A village in Sussex: the history of Kingston-near-Lewes (I.B. Taurus, London, 2006), p. 44

Additional references

Barlow, Frank, The Feudal Kingdom of England 1012 - 1216, London, 1955
Cokayne, George Edward, The Complete Peerage, Vol. iv, p. 670 Chart:Surrey or Warenne before 1135...
Keats-Rohan, K.S.B., Domesday People, a Prosopography of Persons Occurring in English Documents 1066-1166 (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 1999), p. 480
Moriarty, George Andrews, The Plantagenet Ancestry (Mormon Pioneer Genealogy Society, Salt Lake City, UT, 1985), p. 184
Норгат, Кейт (1890). «Гундрада де Варенн» . В Стивене Лесли ; Ли, Сидни (ред.). Словарь национальной биографии . Тол. 23. Лондон: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 338.
Schwennicke, Detlev, европейские постоянные клиенты: Stammtafeln об истории европейских государств , Новый эпизод, Том III Частичный том, Феодал Франция и Влияние Сиена на средние века (Марбург, Германия: Верлаг фон Джа Старгардт, 1989), Тафель 699
Вейс, Фредерик Льюис, Magna Charta Superies , 1215, изд: Уолтер Ли Шеппард-младший, Уильям Р. Белл, 5-е издание (Genealogical Publishing Co., 1999), строка 158-1

Внешние ссылки

[19] The Lewes priory cartulary was compiled centuries after the time of the purported foundation documents copied within, and these documents are thought to have been altered or forged to provide desirable royal parentage for the priory's patron family. For more information on these charters see: English Historical Documents 1042-1189, ed. David C. Douglas, George W. Greenaway, Vol. II (Oxford University Press, New York, 1953), p. 605; L.C. Loyd, 'The Origin of the Family of Warenne' ‘’Yorks Archaeol. Journal’’, vol. xxxi, pp. 97-113; and C. T. Clay, ‘'Early Yorkshire Charters’’, vol. VIII (1949), pp. 59.-62.

[26] For an extensive discussion regarding the participants in this nineteenth-century debate see: Victoria Chandler, 'Gundrada de Warenne and the Victorian Gentlemen-Scholars', Southern History, Vol. 12 (1990), pp. 68-81

[Cokayne-1] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c G. E. Cokayne, The Complete Peerage, vol. xii/1 (The St. Catherine Press, London, 1953), p. 494

[Clay-2] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c ^d Early Yorkshire Charters, ed: William Farrer, Charles Travis Clay, Volume VIII - The Honour of Warenne (The Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1949), pp. 40-46

[3] Anderson, Freda (1992). "Uxor Mea: The First Wife of the First William of Warenne". Sussex Archaeological Collections. 130: 107–8. doi:10.5284/1086107.

[4] Elisabeth van Houts, 'Epitaph of Gundrada of Warenne', Nova de Veteribus, Mitel-und neulateinische Studien fur Paul Gerhard Schmidt (K.G. Saur, Munchen Leipzig, 2004), p. 372

[5] P. Anselme de Sainte-Marie, Histoire de la maison royale de France et des grands officiers de la Couronne, V.6 (Estienne Loyson, 1674), p. 26

[6] Ordericus Vitalis, The Ecclesiastical History of England and Normandy, Translated by Thomas Forester, Vol. ii, (Henry G. Bohn, London, MDCCCLIV (1854), p. 49

[7] Hyde Abbey, Liber Monasterii de Hyda: Comprising a Chronicle of the affairs of England, (Longmans, Green, Reader, and Dyer, London, 1866), Introduction, p. xcvii. Note: the anonymous Hyde chronicler identified two of Gundred's brothers, Gerbod, Earl of Chester and Frederick.

[8] Elisabeth van Houts, 'Frederick, Brother-in-Law of William of Warenne', Anglo-Saxon England, Vol. 28 (1999), pp. 218-220

[9] Elisabeth van Houts, 'The Warenne View of the Past 1066-1203)', Anglo-Norman Studies XXIV, Proceedings of the Battle Conference 2003, Vol. 26 (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 2004), p. 104 & n. 8

[10] Early Yorkshire Charters, ed: William Farrer, Charles Travis Clay, Volume VIII - The Honour of Warenne (The Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1949), p. 4

[11] B. Golding, 'The Coming of the Cluniacs', Anglo-Norman Studies III; Proceedings of the Battle Conference 1980, Vol. iii (Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 1981), pp. 65, 67

[Early-12] Jump up to: ^a ^b Early Yorkshire Charters, ed: William Farrer, Charles Travis Clay, Volume VIII - The Honour of Warenne (The Yorkshire Archaeological Society, 1949), pp. 50-55

[CP-13] Jump up to: ^a ^b ^c G. E. Cokayne, The Complete Peerage, vol. xii/1 (The St. Catherine Press, London, 1953), p. 495 note (b)

[Nova-14] Jump up to: ^a ^b Elisabeth van Houts, 'Epitaph of Gundrada of Warenne', Nova de Veteribus, Mitel-und neulateinische Studien fur Paul Gerhard Schmidt (K.G. Saur, Munchen Leipzig, 2004), p. 367

[15] Thomas Walker Horsfield; Gideon Algernon Mantell (1824). The History and Antiquities of Lewes and Its Vicinity. J. Baxter. p. 116.

[16] Elisabeth van Houts, 'Epitaph of Gundrada of Warenne', Nova de Veteribus, Mitel-und neulateinische Studien fur Paul Gerhard Schmidt (K.G. Saur, Munchen Leipzig, 2004), pp. 366,368-9

[17] G. E. Cokayne, The Complete Peerage, vol. xii/1 (The St. Catherine Press, London, 1953), pp. 495-6

[18] "A Database of Crusaders to the Holy LNd, 1095-1149". Archived from the original on 2 February 2017.

[20] George Floyd Duckett, 'Observations on the Parentage of Gundreda, Countess of Warenne', The Yorkshire Archaeological and Topographical Journal, Vol. ix, Part xxxiii, 1885, pp. 421-437 Note: Sir George Duckett, Bart., was the leading proponent of the theory that Gundred was the daughter of William the Conqueror and Matilda

[21] G. E. Cokayne, The Complete Peerage, vol. xii/1 (The St. Catherine Press, London, 1953), p. 494 note (j)

[22] David C. Doulgas, William the Conqueror (University of California Press, 1964), p. 392

[23] Stapleton, Thomas, 'Observations in disproof of the pretended marriage of William de Warren, Earl of Surrey, with a daughter begotten of Matildis, daughter of Baldwin, Comte of Flanders, by William the Conqueror, and illustrative of the origin and early history of the family in Normandy', The Archaeological Journal 3 (1846):1-26 Note: despite the confusing title Stapleton's theory was that Gundred was a daughter of Matilda of Flanders by an earlier marriage.

[24] Edmond Chester Waters, 'Gundrada de Warenne', The Archaeological Journal, Vol. xli (London, 1884), pp. 300-312

[25] Edward A. Freeman, 'The Parentage of Gundrada, Wife of William of Warren', The English Historical Review, Vol. 3, No. 12 (October 1888), pp. 680-701

[27] Rene Beckley, Ancient Walls of East Anglia (Terence Dalton, Ltd., Lavenham, Suffolk, 1979), p. 66

[28] Charles Cooper, A village in Sussex: the history of Kingston-near-Lewes (I.B. Taurus, London, 2006), p. 44

[ 1 ]

[ 2 ]

[ 3 ]

[ 4 ]

[ 5 ]

[ 6 ]

[ 7 ]

[ 8 ]

[ 9 ]

[ 10 ]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[a]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[b]

[25]

[26]