North Andes Plate
| North Andes Plate | |
|---|---|
 North Andes Plate (note: outdated Nazca Plate) | |
| Type | Micro |
| Movement1 | North-west |
| Speed1 | 23mm/year |
| Features |  Colombia Ecuador Venezuela |
| 1Relative to the African Plate | |
The North Andes Plate or North Andes Block is a small tectonic plate (microplate) located in the northern Andes. It is squeezed between the faster moving South American Plate and the Nazca Plate to the southwest. Due to the subduction of the Coiba and Malpelo plates, this area is very prone to volcanic and seismic activity, with many historical earthquakes.
Boundaries
[edit]The North Andes Plate is bound by (clockwise from north):
- Caribbean Plate
- South American Plate
- Malpelo Plate — considered a part of the Nazca Plate before 2017[1]
- Coiba Plate — considered a part of the Nazca Plate before 2016[2]
- Panama Plate
Terranes
[edit]
• Tahamí Terrane is enclosed by BSF, OCA and RFS
• Anacona, Arqúia and Quebradagrande Terranes are emplaced by RFS
• La Guajira Terrane is enclosed by BSF and northernmost by Oca
• Caribe Terrane is enclosed by BSF, RFS and plate boundaries with Coiba (red) and Malpelo plates (purple)
The Colombian part of the North Andes Plate is subdivided into several terranes:[3]
Tectonics
[edit]Subduction of the Coiba Plate underneath the North Andes Plate causes frequent earthquakes in the Bucaramanga Nest, the most seismically active area in the world. The Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault stretches along the plate for more than 600 kilometers from north to south. The plate boundary with the South American Plate is most tectonically active along a more than 900 kilometer long megaregional fault system; the Eastern Frontal Fault System.
This fault system, extending into Ecuador and Venezuela all along the northern Andes, separates the terranes from the North Andes Plate from:[3]
| Abbr | Name | Age range | Basins | Complexes | Ranges | Departments | Comments | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRNJ | Río Negro-Juruena Province | Paleoproterozoic | • Llanos • Putumayo • Amazonas | Mitú, Parguaza, Guaviare | Chiribiquete, Mavecure | Arauca, Caquetá, Casanare, Guainía, Guaviare, Meta, Putumayo, Vaupés, Vichada | Part of Amazonian Craton | [14][15] |
References
[edit]
- ^ Zhang et al., 2017
- ^ Chiarabba et al., 2016, p.22
- ^ Jump up to: a b Gómez Tapias et al., 2015, p.209
- ^ Manosalva Sánchez et al., 2017, p.84
- ^ Mantilla Figueroa et al., 2015, p.42
- ^ Toro Toro et al., 2014, p.22
- ^ Jump up to: a b Plancha 364
- ^ Plancha 365
- ^ Jump up to: a b Plancha 387
- ^ Plancha 410
- ^ Plancha 411
- ^ Plancha 429
- ^ Plancha 430
- ^ Bonilla et al., 2016, p.19
- ^ Arango Mejía et al., 2012, p.25
Bibliography
[edit]- Manosalva Sánchez, Sandra Rocío; Naranjo Merchán, Wilson Enario; Ríos Reyes, Carlos Alberto; Amorocho Parra, Ricardo; Castellanos Alarcón, Oscar Mauricio (2017), "Estudio petrogenetico de las rocas metamorficas del Macizo de Floresta, Cordillera Oriental, Andes Colombianos", Boletín de Geología, 39: 83–103, doi:10.18273/revbol.v39n1-2017004, retrieved 2019-10-26
- Zhang, Tuo; Gordon, Richard G.; Mishra, Jay K.; Wang, Chengzu (2017), The Malpelo Plate Hypothesis and implications for nonclosure of the Cocos-Nazca-Pacific plate motion circuit, AGU Fall Meeting, New Orleans, p. 1, retrieved 2018-06-06
- Bonilla, Amed; Frantz, José Carlos; Charão Marques, Juliana; Cramer, Thomas; Franco, José Alejandro; Amaya, Zeze (2016), "Magmatismo rapakivi en la cuenca media del río Inírida, departamento de Guainía, Colombia", Boletín de Geología, 38: 17–32, doi:10.18273/revbol.v38n1-2016001, retrieved 2019-10-26
- Chiarabba, Claudio; De Gori, Pasquale; Faccenna, Claudio; Speranza, Fabio; Seccia, Danilo; Dionicio, Viviana; Prieto, German A. (2016), "Subduction system and flat slab beneath the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia", Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 17 (1): 16–27, Bibcode:2016GGG....17...16C, doi:10.1002/2015GC006048, retrieved 2018-06-06
- Gómez Tapias, Jorge; Montes Ramírez, Nohora E.; Almanza Meléndez, María F.; Alcárcel Gutiérrez, Fernando A.; Madrid Montoya, César A.; Diederix, Hans (2015), Geological Map of Colombia, Servicio Geológico Colombiano, pp. 1–212, retrieved 2019-10-29
- Parra, Felipe de la; Mora, Andrés; Rueda, Milton; Quintero, Isaid (2015), "Temporal and spatial distribution of tectonic events as deduced from reworked palynomorphs in the eastern Northern Andes", AAPG Bulletin, 99 (8): 1455–1472, Bibcode:2015BAAPG..99.1455D, doi:10.1306/02241511153
- Egbue, Obi; Kellogg, James; Aguirre, Hector; Torres, Carolina (2014), "Evolution of the stress and strain fields in the Eastern Cordillera, Colombia", Journal of Structural Geology, 58: 8–21, Bibcode:2014JSG....58....8E, doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2013.10.004
- Perico Martínez, Néstor Rafael; Perico Granados, Néstor Rafael (2014), Caracterización y recurrencia sísmica del Nido de Bucaramanga, V Congreso Internacional de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Santo Tomás Seccional Tunja, pp. 1–19
- Toro Toro, Luz Mary; Moreno Sánchez, Mario; Gómez Cruz, Arley (2014), "Metagabro del Ariari, Plutonismo MORB, Cordillera Oriental de Colombia", Boletín de Geología, 36: 15–24, retrieved 2019-10-26
- Yarce, Jefferson; Monsalve, Gaspar; Becker, Thorsten W.; Cardona, Agustín; Poveda, Esteban; Alvira, Daniel; Ordoñez Carmona, Oswaldo (2014), "Seismological observations in Northwestern South America: Evidence for two subduction segments, contrasting crustal thicknesses and upper mantle flow", Tectonophysics, 637: 57–67, Bibcode:2014Tectp.637...57Y, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2014.09.006
- Jiménez Díaz, Giovanny (2013), Relationship between curved thrust belts, rift inversion, oblique convergence and strike-slip faulting - an example of Eastern Cordillera in Colombia (PhD thesis), Università di Roma, pp. 1–106
- Arango Mejía, María Isabel; Zapata García, Gilberto; Martens, Uwe (2012), "Caracterización petrográfica, geoquímica y edad de la Sienita Nefelínica de San José del Guaviare", Boletín de Geología, 34: 15–26, retrieved 2019-10-26
- Cuéllar Cárdenas, Mario Andrés; López Isaza, Julián Andrés; Osorio Naranjo, Jairo Alonso; Carrillo Lombana, Edgar Joaquín (2012), "Análisis estructural del segmento Bucaramanga del Sistema de Fallas de Bucaramanga (SFB) entre los municipios de Pailitas y Curumaní, Cesar - Colombia" (PDF), Boletín de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 34: 73–101, retrieved 2017-06-20
- Sánchez, Javier; Horton, Brian K.; Tesón, Eliseo; Mora, Andrés; Ketcham, Richard A.; Stockli, Daniel F. (2012), "Kinematic evolution of Andean fold-thrust structures along the boundary between the Eastern Cordillera and Middle Magdalena Valley basin, Colombia", Tectonics, 31 (3): 1–24, Bibcode:2012Tecto..31.3008S, doi:10.1029/2011TC003089, retrieved 2017-06-20
- Diederix, Hans; Hernández M., Catalina; Torres J., Eliana; Osorio, Jairo Alonso; Botero, Paola (2009), "Resultados preliminares del primer estudio paleosismológico a lo largo de la Falla de Bucaramanga, Colombia", Ingeniería, Investigación y Desarrollo, UPTC, 9: 18–23, retrieved 2017-06-20
- García González, Mario; Mier Umaña, Ricardo; Cruz Guevara, Luis Enrique; Vásquez, Mauricio (2009), Informe Ejecutivo - evaluación del potencial hidrocarburífero de las cuencas colombianas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, pp. 1–219
- Parra, Mauricio; Mora, Andrés; Sobel, Edward R.; Strecker, Manfred R.; Jaramillo, Carlos; O'Sullivan, Paul B.; González, Román (2008), Cenozoic Orogenic Growth of the North Andes: Shortening and Exhumation Histories of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, AAPG Annual Convention, San Antonio, Texas, pp. 1–27
- Barrero, Dario; Pardo, Andrés; Vargas, Carlos A.; Martínez, Juan F. (2007), Colombian Sedimentary Basins: Nomenclature, Boundaries and Petroleum Geology, a New Proposal, ANH, pp. 1–92
- Sarmiento Rojas, L.F.; Van Wees, J.D.; Cloetingh, S. (2006), "Mesozoic transtensional basin history of the Eastern Cordillera, Colombian Andes: Inferences from tectonic models", Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 21 (4), Elsevier: 383–411, Bibcode:2006JSAES..21..383S, doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2006.07.003
- Cediel, Fabio; Shaw, Robert P.; Cáceres, Carlos (2003), "Tectonic Assembly of the Northern Andean Block - The Circum-Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean: Hydrocarbon habitats, basin formation, and plate tectonics", AAPG Memoir, 79: 815–848
- Colmenares, Lourdes; Zoback, Mark D. (2003), "Stress field and seismotectonics of northern South America", Geology, 31 (8): 721–724, Bibcode:2003Geo....31..721C, doi:10.1130/G19409.1
- Nevistic, A.V.; Rossello, E.A.; Haring, C.E.; Covellone, G.; Bettini, F.; Rodríguez, H.; Salay, R.; Colo, C.; Araque, E. Castro, C. Pinilla, C.P. Bordarampé, L. (2003), The Andean Santander-Oriental Tectonic Syntaxis: A first-order pattern controlling exploration play-model concepts in Colombia, VIII Simposio Bolivariano - Exploración Petrolera en las Cuencas Subandinas, pp. 130–134
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Paris, Gabriel; Machette, Michael N.; Dart, Richard L.; Haller, Kathleen M. (2000), Map and Database of Quaternary Faults and Folds in Colombia and its Offshore Regions (PDF), USGS, pp. 1–66, retrieved 2017-06-20
Maps
[edit]- González, Humberto (2001), Mapa Geológico del Departamento de Antioquia - 1:400,000 - Memoria explicativa, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–120
- Montoya Arenas, Diana María; Reyes Torres, Germán Alfonso (2005), Geología de la Sabana de Bogotá, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–104
- Royero Gutiérrez, Jose María; Clavijo Torres, Jairo (2000), Mapa geológico generalizado del Departamento de Bolívar - 1:400,000 - Memoria explicativa (PDF), INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–99, retrieved 2017-08-31
- Rodríguez Parra, Antonio José; Solano Silva, Orlando (2000), Mapa Geológico del Departamento de Boyacá - 1:250,000 - Memoria explicativa (PDF), INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–120, retrieved 2019-03-10
- Acosta, Jorge E.; Ulloa, Carlos E. (2002), Mapa geológico del Departamento de Cundinamarca 1:250,000 - Memoria Explicativa, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–108
- Rodríguez, Gabriel; Londoño, Ana Cristina (2002), Mapa geológico del Departamento de La Guajira - 1:250,000, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–259, retrieved 2017-08-08
- Royero Gutiérrez, José María; Clavijo, Jairo (2001), Mapa geológico del Departamento de Santander 1:400,000 - Memoria Explicativa, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–92
- Acosta Garay, Jorge; Ulloa Melo, Carlos E. (2001), Geología de la Plancha 208 Villeta - 1:100,000 (PDF), INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–84, retrieved 2017-03-16
- Terraza, Roberto; Montoya, Diana; Reyes, Germán; Moreno, Giovanni; Fúquen, Jaime; Torres Jaimes, Eliana; López Cardona, Myriam; Nivia Guevara, Álvaro; Etayo Serna, Fernando (2013), Geología de la Plancha 229 - Gachalá - 1:100,000 (PDF), Servicio Geológico Colombiano, pp. 1–296, retrieved 2017-08-04
- Patiño, Alejandro; Fuquen, Jaime; Ramos, Julián; Pedraza, Andrea; Ceballos, Leonardo; Pinzón, Lyda; Jerónimo, Yadira; Álvarez, Leidy; Torres, Andrea (2011), Cartografía geológica de la Plancha 247 - Cáqueza - 1:100,000 (PDF), INGEOMINAS, retrieved 2017-08-04
- Guerrero Uscátegui, Alberto Lobo (1992), Geología e Hidrogeología de Santafé de Bogotá y su Sabana, Sociedad Colombiana de Ingenieros, pp. 1–20
- Orrego, Abigail; León, Luis; Padilla, Luis Eduardo; Acevedo, Álvaro Pablo; Marulanda, Nelson (1999), Plancha 364 - Timbío - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Marquínez, Germán; Rodríguez, Yohana; Terraza, Roberto; Martínez, Mario (2003), Plancha 365 - Coconuco - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Orrego, Abigail; Paris, Gabriel; Ibañez, Diego; Vásquez, Edgar (1999), Plancha 387 - Bolívar - 1:100,000 (PDF), INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2018-06-01
- Murcia L., Armando; Cepeda V, Hector (1991), Plancha 410 - La Unión - 1:100,000 (PDF), INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2018-06-01
- Núñez, Alberto; Gómez, Jorge (2002), Plancha 411 - La Cruz - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Murcia L., Armando; Cepeda V, Hector (1991), Plancha 429 - Pasto - 1:100,000 (PDF), INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2018-06-01
- Núñez, Alberto; Gómez, Jorge (2002), Plancha 430 - Mocoa - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
Further reading
[edit]- Bird, Peter (2003). "An updated digital model of plate boundaries". Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 4 (3): 1027. Bibcode:2003GGG.....4.1027B. doi:10.1029/2001GC000252. ISSN 1525-2027.
