Клотильда Серда
Clotilde Cerdà Bosch (28 февраля 1861 г. [ 1 ] - 12 апреля 1926 года) был испанским арфистом. Она дебютировала в одиночестве на Венской мировой ярмарке , когда ей было одиннадцать, режиссер Иоганн Штраус II . Ее выступление было высоко оценили Изабель II и Виктор Хьюго , которые вместе придумали свое сценическое имя Эсмеральда Сервантес . Она играла в Европе и совершила поездку по Америке как арфист, но еще подросток. В молодом возрасте Серда принял аболиционизм и занимал позицию против смертной казни . В Барселоне она основала недолгое женское учебное заведение с Dolors Aleu I Riera . Она продолжала совершать поездку в качестве музыканта, преподавала арфу и основала музыкальные консерватории. Позже она работала журналистом.
Ранний период жизни
[ редактировать ]Clotilde Cerdà родилась 28 февраля 1861 года в Барселоне . Она родилась в семье инженера Ильдефонсо Серда , который разработал «расширение» 19-го века Барселоны, называемое Eixample , [ 2 ] и художник Clotilde Bosch . После того, как их брак распался, якобы потому, что Клотильда родилась из внебрачного дела, она переехала со своей матерью в Мадрид, когда ей было три года. Проведя несколько лет в Мадриде, она отправилась в Рим , а затем в Париж со своей матерью. Она изучала живопись в Риме с Марие Фортуни , но затем повернулась к музыке. [3][4]
Clotilde made her musical debut at the 1873 Vienna World's Fair when she was eleven years old. She played a solo for the harp, directed by Johann Strauss II at the Vienna Imperial Theater.[3] Her performance was highly praised by both Isabel II and Victor Hugo.[2] The former[a] christened her Cervantes[2] (after the Spanish writer) while the latter named her Esmeralda[2] (after the heroine of his most performed work, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame).[4] Queen Elizabeth II gave her support throughout her artistic career, taking Cerdá under her protection and helping her through her contacts.[5]
On 21 February 1875, the so-called Liceo Esmeralda was created, an institution that arose under the protection of Alfonso XII, the queen mother, and the princess of Asturias. Esmeralda was the honorary president, while Felipe Pedrell served as the president and the writer Saturnino Jiménez Enrich was the secretary.[6]
In 1875 Cerdà embarked on a tour of the Americas, performing in Buenos Aires, at the court of the emperor of Brazil and in Mexico City. In 1881 she joined the Masonic Lodge Lealtad de Barcelona, of which Áurea Rosa Clavé de Ferrer, daughter of Josep Anselm Clavé had been a member since 1879.[7]
In 1876 Cerdà was one of the main promoters of the abolition of slavery. She fought from a feminist perspective against the death penalty and slavery. She also advocated for the improvement of the living conditions of the vulnerable in a changing world. Her views cost her dearly, as powerful allies who were formerly sympathetic to her turned hostile.[3]
Return to Barcelona
[edit]When Cerdà returned to Barcelona in 1885, she and Dolors Aleu i Riera founded the Academia para la Ilustración de la Mujer (Academy for the Enlightenment of Women), a women's educational institution. It had to be closed due to a lack of institutional support. This was also known as the Academia de Ciencias, Artes y Oficios de la Mujer (Academy of Sciences, Arts and Crafts for Women),[3] which ended in 1887. Queen regent María Cristina's secretary, the Count of Morphy, wrote her a letter in a paternalistic tone, disapproving of her dedication to political affairs instead of focusing her efforts on her career as an artist.[8]
Cerdá continued giving concerts in different countries. Her repertoire consisted exclusively of her own works and those of composers of her time. She composed a dozen works for harp. Her deep religious convictions led her to do charity work for parishes in different countries. She received a papal blessing in 1875 from Pope Leo XIII, and wrote religious music such as "Invocation to the Virgin of Montserrat" (Op. 7) and "Salutation Angélique Ave Maria" (Op. 12).[9]
Journalism and time in Brazil
[edit]After a long trip through Latin America, Cerdà moved to Paris. There she edited La Estrella Polar (1878), a literary periodical of which only one issue was published. It is believed that it was her first breakthrough in the world of journalism. During these years, she worked for different publications, including La Moda elegante and La Ilustración de la mujer. In her columns, she dealt with topics of social criticism, music, literature, and chronicles of her travels.
In addition, many of the ideas she transmitted in the Academy of Sciences, Arts and Crafts were reflected in the magazine El ángel del hogar (The angel of the home), edited by María del Pilar Sinués de Marco.[3]
In 1886, she moved to Brazil, where she founded several music conservatories, a harp school and wrote for the press. Later, she was in Constantinople as a teacher for the sultanas of the harem. In this city, she took the opportunity to study Turkish customs, education, literature and arts. She wrote a paper on the education of women in Turkey that was presented at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago.[10]
Later life
[edit]In 1895 Cerdà married German engineer Oscar Grossman, a porcelain manufacturer in Brazil. Their union is known from the congratulations that she received from Isabel II and the Count of Morphy. These letters evidence the friendly relationship that Cerdá maintained throughout her life with members of the Bourbon monarchy.[11]
She lived in different cities, including Barcelona (1901–1902), Santa Cruz de Tenerife (1902–1905), Mexico City (1907–1915) to finally, in 1918, retired to live in Santa Cruz de Tenerife, where she died on 12 April 1926. She is buried in the Santa Lastenia cemetery of Santa Cruz de Tenerife.[12]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Some sources claim it was the king himself, Alfonso XII, who named her Cervantes.[4]
References
[edit]- ^ Gorgues, Maria (9 December 2012). "La vida de pel·lícula de Clotilde Cerdà". Ara (in Catalan). Retrieved 26 July 2023.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Martí y Puig, J. (24 February 2015). "Intemporales: 'Esmeralda Cervantes: genialidad y virtud'". Centro de Documentación de Canarias y América. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Barcelona rescata la fascinante historia de Clotilde, la hija insurrecta de Cerdà" [Barcelona rescues the fascinating story of Clotilde, Cerdà's insurrectionist daughter]. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 2020-07-26. Retrieved 2021-05-22.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Graell, Vanessa. "La arpista que sedujo a reyes, Wagner y Victor Hugo." El Mundo. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
- ^ Ávila Peña 2016, p. 45
- ^ Ávila Peña 2016, p. 56
- ^ "La Masonería de Adopción en España." Logia Femenina de Francia. Accessed 1 August 2015.
- ^ Ávila Peña 2016, pp. 332–333
- ^ Ávila Peña 2016, pp. 332–333
- ^ "Clotilde Cerdá y Bosch (Esmeralda Cervantes) (1861-1926)". Biblioteca Nacional de España (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-05-22.
- ^ Ávila Peña 2016, pp. 317–318
- ^ "Santa Lastenia: recuerdos anonimos". Archived from the original on 18 July 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
Sources
[edit]- Ávila Peña, Zoraida Isabel (2016). Música, textos y filantropía en Esmeralda Cervantes: una arpista de la España romántica (Doctoral thesis). Complutense University of Madrid.
External links
[edit]- Digitized works by Clotilde Cerdá in the Biblioteca Digital Hispánica of the Biblioteca Nacional de España
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