Лига защиты женщин маори
Лига благосостояния женщин маори или Te Rōpū Wāhine Māori Toko I te Ora — новозеландская благотворительная организация, специализирующаяся на женщинах и детях маори . Свою первую конференцию он провел в Веллингтоне в сентябре 1951 года. [ 1 ]
Официальные цели лиги заключаются в том, чтобы «содействовать дружбе и взаимопониманию между женщинами маори и европейскими женщинами, а также сотрудничать с другими женскими организациями, государственными департаментами и местными органами для достижения этих целей». [ 2 ]
История и достижения
[ редактировать ]Создание лиги стало важной вехой в культуре маори. Благодаря этой организации женщины впервые смогли представлять себя в правительстве Новой Зеландии. Созданная в 1951 году в Веллингтоне после массового перемещения маори из сельской местности в города Новой Зеландии, первоначальная цель лиги заключалась в сохранении культуры маори через их родное искусство и ремесла, а также в содействии товариществу и сотрудничеству между различными женскими организациями. Создание лиги стало прямым результатом Закона о социальном и экономическом развитии маори 1945 года. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Члены комитета по социальному и экономическому развитию, в основном мужчины, признали недостаточную представленность женщин в правительстве и создали Лигу благосостояния женщин для решения этой проблемы. Дама Уина Купер была избрана президентом фонда. После своего создания лига быстро росла, ее филиалы были открыты по всей Новой Зеландии. За первые 14 лет существования членство выросло примерно до 3000 членов в филиалах по всей стране. [ нужна ссылка ]
Лига стала активно участвовать в жилищном строительстве, здравоохранении и образовании, уделяя особое внимание семье и здоровому образу жизни, а также проблемам женщин. На момент основания у лиги было 187 отделений; [ 7 ] к 1956 году у него было 300 отделений, 88 районных советов и более 4000 членов. В качестве президента дама Уина Купер стала самой известной женщиной-маори в Новой Зеландии. Купер, однако, все меньше и меньше консультировалась с руководством лиги, и в 1957 году ее убедили уйти с поста президента. [ нужна ссылка ] Ежегодная конференция лиги присвоила ей титул «Te Whaea o te Motu» (Мать нации) в 1958 году. На заре существования организации ее приоритетами были сокращение бедности и обеспечение достаточного государственного жилья для общества. В 1960-х годах женская лига разработала программу домашних заданий после школы и открыла школы языка маори. [ 8 ] К 1980-м годам благодаря такого рода действиям организация смогла убедить правительство сделать те рео маори частью официальных языков страны. [ 8 ]
Корпорация развития женщин маори
[ редактировать ]В 1987 году лига под руководством дамы Джорджины Кирби учредила компанию Māori Women's Development Inc (MWDI), специализированного кредитора для поощрения инноваций и бизнеса среди маори. Фонд предоставляет кредиты женщинам и их ванау, им управляют и управляют женщины. [ 8 ] [ 9 ]
Известные цифры
[ редактировать ]Некоторые из людей, участвующих в лиге, включают: [ 10 ]
Покровители
[ редактировать ]- Те Арики Те Пуэа Херанги – покровительница-основательница 1951–??
- Те Арикинуи Даме Те Атайрангикаху - покровительница ??–2006
- Те Макау Арики Атахай Паки - покровительница с 2007 г. по настоящее время. [ 11 ]
Президенты
[ редактировать ]
- Дама Уина Купер , ONZ , DBE , JP , президент 1951–1957 (президент-основатель)
- Мириам Логан, MBE , 1957–1960 гг. президент
- Маата Хирини, MBE ME, 1960–1963 гг. президент фонда
- Руиха Сейдж, JP , 1964–1968 гг. президент
- Мирия Караурия, MBE 1968–1971 гг. президент
- Хайне Потака, OBE Dominion, 1971–1973 гг. президент
- Дама Мирака Саши DBE , Японии , 1973–1977 гг. президент
- Д-р Эрихапети Реху-Мурчи CNZM , QSO , JP , президент 1977–1977 гг.
- Вайолет Поу, CBE , президент 1980–1983 гг.
- Мараэа Те Кава. QSM , Японии , 1983 г. президент
- Дама Джорджина Кирби , DBE , QSO , президент JP 1983–1987; попечитель МВДИ [ 9 ]
- Дама Джун Мариу , DNZM , CNZM , QSM , JP , президент 1987–1990; Попечитель МВДИ [ 9 ] [ 12 ]
- Дама Ароха Рерити-Крофтс , CBE , JP , президент 1990–1993 гг.; попечитель МВДИ [ 9 ]
- Dame Areta Koopu, CBE president 1993–1996; MWDI trustee[ 9 ]
- Druis Barrett CNZM president 1996–1999; MWDI trustee[9]
- Jacqui Te Kani CNZM president 1999–2002; later general manager for the Maori Women's Welfare League (died in office in 2012);[13] MWDI Trustee[9]
- Kitty Bennett MNZM president; MWDI trustee
- Linda Grennell president; MWDI trustee
- Meagan Joe 2008–2011 (died in office);[13][14] MWDI trustee[9]
- Kataraina O'Brien president[15] 2011–2014
- Prue Kapua president 2014–2022
- Dr Hope Tupara president 2022–present
Life members
[edit]- Te Paekiomeka Joy Ruha, ONZM, QSM. Life member and te reo Māori activist.
- Dame Iritana Tāwhiwhirangi, DNZM, MBE. Life member and te reo Māori activist.[16]
- Kahu Hurihia Durie, QSM. Life member.[17]
- Phyllis Hilet. Life member.[18]
- Anne Delamere, DCNZM, QSO. Life member.[19]
Recent developments
[edit]The organisation's recent focus has been on inspiring Māori women to consider the more non-traditional areas of work. The Modern Apprenticeship Program was designed to promote cross-fertilisation within the traditional male and female roles. While it was once important to preserve the old Māori ways of life, leaders within the league today see more benefits in a transition. By combining women and men in the workforce the league hopes to close the pay gap.[citation needed] Almost 70% of women's work is unpaid compared to 40% of male's work. Another recent initiative has been to set housing as one of New Zealand's priorities.[citation needed]
The organisation continues to have an annual conference and is heavily involved in social issues within New Zealand, especially relating to Māori health and education. Today, the league does more than give women a voice in government; it is responsible for immunisation campaigns for babies and teaching young mothers about gardening and growing their own food. The league also seeks to provide health centres and nursing units for the community.[20] The league has become an organisation which focuses less on women and more on family wellness and the wellness of the community.
Recent initiatives have led to new socially concerned organisations including the Pouta Training Centre.[citation needed] The centre provides programs teaching things vital to basic health, such as quitting smoking. The welfare league is also currently battling a sexist backlash, as it continues to exhibit the power women can hold in saving and nurturing a culture.[21][22]
Traditional health issues such as childcare and infant mortality continue to feature in the league's programs alongside more recent developments such as anti-smoking campaigns; home vegetable growing initiatives such as Kai in the yard and child car seat campaigns. Many campaigns are centred or hosted on marae (the community-centre in most small Māori communities) and often involve working with health care professionals or other organisations such as Plunket Society or District Health Boards to extend their work into Māori communities.[23]
2011 elections
[edit]In 2011, Hannah Tamaki, Auckland based co-founder of the Destiny Church campaigned for presidency of the league. Since Tamaki joined the league five years previously, the church created several branches of the league within the church.[24] The league distributed voting papers without Tamaki's name and announced that some branches and some members were being investigated. Tamaki launched legal action in the High Court.[25][26]
Ten of thirteen self-identified Destiny branches were constituted at the same time at the Destiny Church's headquarters in Mt Wellington after Hannah Tamaki's nomination. Each of the ten had between 91 and 93 members, apparently to maximise the number of votes.[27] Justice Kos ruled that Tamaki should be reinstated as a candidate in the election, but that the ten recently constituted branches were not legally constituted and should not be able to vote in the election because they had been established completely contrary to the practices and tikanga of the league.[28][29]
Days after the court decision, then-president Meagan (Wowie) Joe died, after a long battle with breast cancer.[30][31][32] Tamaki maintained her campaign for president.[33]
Kataraina O'Brien, a 40-year veteran of the league won the election.[15] O'Brien has 12 years experience on the Tainui Regional Executive Board of the league and has been the president of the Matua branch for the past 8 years. She is active in the Merivale area of Tauranga and was a finalist in the Tauranga Community Spirit Awards in November 2008[34][35] O'Brien is a teacher by profession, having taught at Hato Petera and Auckland Girls' Grammar.[36]
In June 2012, the league's national executive banned Tamaki from holding regional office for three years and disestablished the three remaining league branches associated with her and the Destiny Church.[37] Tamaki announced she would not appeal the ban but was considering setting up a rival organisation.[38]
References
[edit]- ^ "Māori Women's Welfare League established". nzhistory.govt.nz. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
- ^ Croker, Olive. "Māori Women's Welfare League". An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, 1966. Retrieved 29 October 2007.
- ^ "Maori Purposes Act 1945 No 42 (As at 01 January 1971), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation".
- ^ Hill, Richard S (2011). "State Authority, Indigenous Autonomy: Crown-Maori Relations in New Zealand/Aotearoa 1900–1950: The Maori Welfare Organisation". Retrieved 19 June 2011.
- ^ "Happy 59th Birthday to the Maori Women's Welfare League!". 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ^ "2. New Māori organisations, early 20th century – Ngā rōpū – Māori organisations – Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand". teara.govt.nz. 2011. Retrieved 18 December 2011.
- ^ Anderson, Atholl; Binney, Judith; Harris, Aroha (2014). Tangata Whenua: an illustrated history. Wellington, New Zealand: Bridget Williams Books. ISBN 9781927131411. OCLC 813246437.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "In a League by Themselves"
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h "MWDI | About Maori Women's Development Incorporated". mwdi.co.nz. 2011. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
- ^ Bennett, Kitty (2004). "Māori Women's Welfare League" (PDF).
- ^ "SPEECH: Speech to the Maori Women's Welfare League National Conference – Rt Hon John Key". johnkey.co.nz. 2011. Archived from the original on 7 July 2011. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
- ^ "Tribute to Dame's efforts with Maori". 4 June 2012.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Hannah Tamaki meeting called off". nzherald.co.nz. 12 July 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
Meagan Joe
- ^ "TKM | Other Māori Organisations". tkm.govt.nz. 2011. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Tamaki loses bid to head league". stuff.co.nz. 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ^ "New Maori dame helped thousands learn te reo". stuff.co.nz. 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
Iritana Tawhiwhirangi, a life member of the Maori Women's Welfare League and Maori Education Trust, received the honour at Wellington's Premier House from Governor-General Sir Anand Satyanand yesterday.
- ^ "Kahu Durie, a life well spent". stuff.co.nz. 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
She taught at a range of schools in the North Island before moving to Whangarei in late 1971. There she joined the Maori Women's Welfare League and later went on to be made a life member.
- ^ "Life membership for founding member". stuff.co.nz. 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2012.
Phyllis Hilet, the founding member of the Timaru Maori Women's Welfare League, has been awarded a life membership to the organisation.
- ^ Perrott, Alan (13 January 2004). "New Year Honours: Anne Delamere". New Zealand Herald.
- ^ "New Zealand's Māori Women's Welfare League: Working Toward Women's Rights in Saving Māori Culture". Women's News Network (2007).
- ^ Rangi, Caren. Welcome for new National President, Māori Women's Welfare League. Tiare Ahuriri. 16 November 2008.
- ^ Laing P, Pomare E (1994). "Māori health and the health care reforms". Health Policy. 29 (1–2): 143–56. doi:10.1016/0168-8510(94)90012-4. PMID 10137080.
- ^ "Christchurch trust wins major Maori Public Health award". scoop.co.nz. 2011. Retrieved 19 October 2011.
Te Puawaitanga ki Otautahi Trust emerged as an organisation out of the Otautahi Branch of the Maori Women's Welfare League (MWWL) in 2004. The Trust is a kaupapa Maori provider who employs over 30 staff and offers a range of community-based Whanau Ora support services
- ^ Field, Michael (17 June 2011). "Destiny Maori welfare wrangle". Stuff. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
- ^ "Tamaki heads to court over league election". Stuff. 7 July 2011. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
- ^ Field, Michael (7 July 2011). "League takeover battle erupts". Stuff. Archived from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2011.
- ^ "Hannah Tamaki exclusion review under way". The New Zealand Herald. 20 July 2011. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2011.
Justice Kos said it was 'remarkable' that all 10 branches had between 91 to 93 members, which appeared to maximise the number of votes each branch – 10 – would receive to participate in the election.
- ^ "Hollow victory for Tamaki". The New Zealand Herald. 21 July 2011. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
I find the manner in which the new branches have been established completely contrary to the practices and tikanga of the league.
- ^ Tamaki, Hannah (21 July 2011). "Hannah Tamaki Response to High Court Ruling". Scoop. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
- ^ "President of Maori Women's Welfare League dies – National". The New Zealand Herald. 28 July 2011. Archived from the original on 6 November 2021. Retrieved 7 August 2011.
The national president of the Maori Women's Welfare League. Meagan (Wowie) Joe, has died after a long battle with breast cancer.
- ^ Māori Party (2011). "Poroporoaki: Meagan Joe". Scoop. Archived from the original on 15 March 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2011.
- ^ Māori Women's Welfare League (27 July 2011). "He aituā! Kua mate a Meagan Joe, Māori Womens Welfare League". Scoop News. Archived from the original on 15 March 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2011.
- ^ "Michele Hewitson interview: Hannah Tamaki". The New Zealand Herald. 30 July 2011. Archived from the original on 6 November 2021. Retrieved 7 August 2011.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 March 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Social – Kataraina O'Brien, Brian Kelly, Richard Kluit, Lisa Charman and Mayor Crosby – Finalist". community.tauranga.govt.nz. 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
- ^ "Maori Women's Welfare League names new president". Radio New Zealand. 4 September 2011. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
She spent about 30 years teaching at secondary schools including Hato Petera and Auckland Girls' Grammar.
- ^ "Maori league bars Destiny Church co-founder". The New Zealand Herald. 16 June 2012. Archived from the original on 2 October 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
- ^ Tamaki, Hannah (16 June 2021). "Statement on Maori Women's Welfare League". Scoop. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
Further reading
[edit]- King, Michael (22 June 2007). "Cooper, Whina 1895 – 1994". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Retrieved 29 October 2007.
External links
[edit]- Māori Women's Welfare League at Christchurch City Libraries
- Māori Women's Welfare League, 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
- Māori Women's Welfare League, National Register of Archives and Manuscripts
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