Villa rustica

Villa rustica (transl. farmhouse or countryside villa) was the term used by the ancient Romans^[1]^[2] to denote a farmhouse or villa set in the countryside and with an agricultural section, which applies to the vast majority of Roman villas. In some cases they were at the centre of a large agricultural estate, sometimes called a latifundium. The adjective rustica was used only to distinguish it from a much rarer sub-urban resort villa, or otium villa built for purely leisure and luxury, and typically located in the Bay of Naples. The villa rustica would thus serve both as a residence of the landowner and his family (and servants) and also as a farm management centre. It would often comprise separate buildings to accommodate farm labourers and sheds and barns for animals and crops.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

The villa rustica's design differed, but usually it consisted of two parts; the pars urbana (main house),^[8] and the pars rustica (farm area).

List of villae rusticae

Portugal

Turkey

United Kingdom

France

Germany

Baden-Württemberg

Villa Rustica, Baden-Baden-Haueneberstein, Roman settlement at Wohlfahrtsberg^[9]
Villa Rustica at Bondorf, Böblingen
Villa rustica at Büßlingen [de], Konstanz
Villa Rustica (Brombach) [de], Lörrach
Villa Rustica at Eigeltingen^[10]
Villa Rustica at Gaggenau-Bad Rotenfels / Oberweier^[11]
Villa urbana at Grenzach-Wyhlen (Museum Römervilla)
Villa rustica at Hechingen-Stein [de], Zollernalbkreis
Villa urbana at Heitersheim
Villa Rustica (Meßkirch) [de], Sigmaringen
Villa Rustica at Hirschberg^[12]
Villa Rustica (Inzigkofen) [de], Sigmaringen
Villa Rustica at Karlsruhe-Durlach^[13]
Villa Rustica at Langenau^[14]
Villa Rustica (Laucherthal) [de], Sigmaringen
Villa Rustica (Lauffen) [de], Heilbronn
Villa Rustica at Mühlacker^[15]
Villa Rustica at Nagold^[16]^[17]
Villa Rustica (Nürtingen) [de]
Villa Rustica at Oberndorf-Bochingen^[18]^[19]
Villa Rustica (Rommelshausen) [de], Rems-Murr-Kreis
Römerbad (Weinsberg) [de], Heilbronn
Villa Rustica (Wiesenbach/Baden) [de], Rhein-Neckar-Kreis
Römisches Bad (Wurmlingen) [de], Tuttlingen
Villa Rustica (Zimmerhof) [de], Heilbronn
Villa Rustica Bietigheim-Weilerlen at Bietigheim-Bissingen, Ludwigsburg

Bavaria

Villa Rustica (Burgweinting) [de]
Villa rustica (Denning) [de], Stadt München
Villa Rustica (Friedberg) [de]
Villa Rustica at Großberghofen, Dachau
Villa Rustica (Holheim) [de], Donau-Ries
Villa Rustica at Hüssingen^[20]
Villa Rustica Kohlhunden, Ostallgäu^[21]
Villa Rustica (Leutstetten) [de], Stadt Starnberg
Villa Rustica (Möckenlohe) [de] (Naturpark Altmühltal)^[22]^[23]
Villa Rustica (Nassenfels), Eichstätt
Villa Rustica (Niederndorf) [de], Freising
Villa Rustica (Oberndorf) [de]
Villa Rustica (Oberhaunstadt) [de], Ingolstadt
Villa Rustica (Peiting), Weilheim-Schongau^[24]^[25]
Villa Rustica (Stadtbergen) [de]
Villa Rustica (Zipfwang) [de], Oberallgäu

Hesse

Groß-Umstadt-Heubach, Wamboltsches Schlösschen [de]
Haselburg Roman villa [de], Odenwald
Rodau, Zwingenberg, "Kleine Weide"^[26]

Northrhine-Westphalia

Villa rustica (Blankenheim (Ahr)) [de]^[27]
Villae Rusticae at Eschweiler, Aachen
Propsteier Villa [de], Eschweiler, Aachen
Villae Rusticae near Hambach surface mine, Düren
Villa rustica (Nettersheim-Roderath) [de] at Sollig, Nettersheim-Roderath, Euskirchen

Rheinland-Palatine

Villa rustica Weilberg [de], Bad Dürkheim-Ungstein
Römerhalle (Bad Kreuznach) [de], Bad Kreuznach
Roman Villa of Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler [de]
Villa rustica (Bollendorf) [de], Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
Villa Otrang [de], Fließem, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm
Villa Rustica at Sarresdorf (Gerolstein)^[28]
Villa Rustica (Kempten bei Bingen) [de], Mainz-Bingen
Villa Rustica at Herschweiler-Pettersheim, Kusel^[29]
Roman estate at Lösnich [de]
Villa Urbana in Longuich [de]
Villa Rustica (Mehring) [de] (Mosel), Trier-Saarburg
Villa rustica (Wachenheim) [de]
Villa Rustica (Weiler bei Bingen) [de], Mainz-Bingen
Villa rustica (Wasserliesch) [de], Trier-Saarburg

Saarland

Serbia

Village Gornja Bukovica.Valjevo, villa rustica IV century A.D.^[30]

Switzerland

Aargau

Basel-Landschaft

Genf

Villa Rustica (Bernex) [de]

Jura

Villa Rustica (Vicques JU) [de]

Solothurn

Waadt

Villa romaine du Prieuré [fr]

Zürich

Irgenhausen Castrum (built on the remains of a former villa rustica)
Villa in Wetzikon - Kempten^[31]
Villa Rustica (Buchs) [de]
Villa Rustica (Kloten) [de]
Villa Rustica (Oberweningen) [de]
Villa Rustica (Seeb) [de]

References

^ Varro, de Rustica I.11, 13
^ Columella I.4 § 6
^ Annalia Marzano: Roman villas in central Italy: a social and economic history. Brill 2007, ISBN 978-90-04-16037-8 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
^ Alfred Frazer: The Roman villa: villa urbana. UPenn Museum of Archaeology 1998, ISBN 978-0-924171-59-8 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
^ Alexander Gordon McKay: Houses, villas, and palaces in the Roman world . JHU Press 1998, ISBN 978-0-8018-5904-5 (restricted online copy at Google Books)
^ John T. Smith: Roman Villas. A Study in Social Structure. Routledge, London, 1997. ISBN 0-415-16719-1
^ John Percival: The Roman Villa. A Historical Introduction. Batsford, London, 1988 (Paperback)
^ Pliny, II.17
^ Die Römer am Wolfartsberg. (Heimatblätter des Heimat- und Kulturvereines Haueneberstein e.V., Nr. 3). haueneberstein.de Archived February 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
^ "Willkommen". www.eigeltingia.de.
^ Gerhard Hoffmann: Spuren früher Zeiten – Funde und Fundstätten im Landkreis Rastatt. Eine Materialkunde zur Vor und Frühgeschichte. Bestandsaufnahme und Dokumentation. (Sonderveröffentlichungen des Kreisarchivs Rastatt, Band 5). Verlag Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher u. a. 2007, ISBN 978-3-89735-495-1. (Abstract) Archived March 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
^ gastgeber-hessen.de^{[permanent dead link]}
^ ka.stadtwiki.net
^ W.M.Werner. "Langenau: villa rustica". www.archaeologie-bw.de.
^ Geiges, Thomas. "Mühlacker: Römische Villa Rustica in Enzberg". www.muehlacker.de.
^ "Stadt Nagold - Remigiuskirche". www.nagold.de. Archived from the original on 2016-03-08. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
^ naturparkschwarzwald.de Archived February 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
^ W.M.Werner. "Villa rustica von Oberndorf-Bochingen". www.archaeologie-bw.de.
^ "denkmalpflege-bw.de". Archived from the original on 2012-09-18. Retrieved 2015-07-27.
^ Informationszentrum Naturpark Altmühltal in Trägerschaft des Landkreises Eichstätt. "Römischer Bauernhof". Retrieved 2015-07-05.
^ "Kohlhunden.html". www.kaluwi.de.
^ Scheuerer, Kurt. "Römervilla Möckenlohe". www.roemervilla-moeckenlohe.de.
^ altmuehltal.de Archived February 21, 2014, at the Wayback Machine
^ "Villa Rustica Peiting". Pfaffenwinkel. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-07-05.
^ Alpenland in Römerhand. "Peiting". Retrieved 2015-06-02.
^ "Kein Ackerbau über der "Villa rustica" Rodau - Bergsträßer Anzeiger".
^ roemervilla-blankenheim.de Archived February 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
^ "Grundriß einer römischen Villa Rustica, Sarresdorf, Gerolstein, Gerolstein - Datenbank der Kulturgüter in der Region Trier". www.roscheiderhof.de.
^ "Herzlich willkommen - Pfälzer Bergland". kuseler-musikantenland.de. Archived from the original on 2012-07-11.
^ Rimski lokaliteti valjevskog kraja Archived April 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine
^ Horisberger, Beat; Hedinger, Bettina; Hoek, Florian; Büsser, Roger (2007). Römisches Landleben im Zürcher Oberland - Die Römer in Wetzikon (in German). Frauenfeld, Stuttgart, Wien: Verlag Huber. ISBN 978-3-7193-1441-5.

External links

Villa Rustica - open-air museum at Hechingen (Germany)

[1] Varro, de Rustica I.11, 13

[2] Columella I.4 § 6

[3] Annalia Marzano: Roman villas in central Italy: a social and economic history. Brill 2007, ISBN 978-90-04-16037-8 (restricted online copy at Google Books)

[4] Alfred Frazer: The Roman villa: villa urbana. UPenn Museum of Archaeology 1998, ISBN 978-0-924171-59-8 (restricted online copy at Google Books)

[5] Alexander Gordon McKay: Houses, villas, and palaces in the Roman world . JHU Press 1998, ISBN 978-0-8018-5904-5 (restricted online copy at Google Books)

[6] John T. Smith: Roman Villas. A Study in Social Structure. Routledge, London, 1997. ISBN 0-415-16719-1

[7] John Percival: The Roman Villa. A Historical Introduction. Batsford, London, 1988 (Paperback)

[8] Pliny, II.17

[9] Die Römer am Wolfartsberg. (Heimatblätter des Heimat- und Kulturvereines Haueneberstein e.V., Nr. 3). haueneberstein.de Archived February 11, 2015, at the Wayback Machine

[10] "Willkommen". www.eigeltingia.de.

[11] Gerhard Hoffmann: Spuren früher Zeiten – Funde und Fundstätten im Landkreis Rastatt. Eine Materialkunde zur Vor und Frühgeschichte. Bestandsaufnahme und Dokumentation. (Sonderveröffentlichungen des Kreisarchivs Rastatt, Band 5). Verlag Regionalkultur, Ubstadt-Weiher u. a. 2007, ISBN 978-3-89735-495-1. (Abstract) Archived March 18, 2015, at the Wayback Machine

[12] stgeber-hessen.de^{[permanent dead link]}

[13] .stadtwiki.net

[14] W.M.Werner. "Langenau: villa rustica". www.archaeologie-bw.de.

[15] Geiges, Thomas. "Mühlacker: Römische Villa Rustica in Enzberg". www.muehlacker.de.

[16] "Stadt Nagold - Remigiuskirche". www.nagold.de. Archived from the original on 2016-03-08. Retrieved 2015-07-27.

[17] turparkschwarzwald.de Archived February 28, 2014, at the Wayback Machine

[18] W.M.Werner. "Villa rustica von Oberndorf-Bochingen". www.archaeologie-bw.de.

[19] "denkmalpflege-bw.de". Archived from the original on 2012-09-18. Retrieved 2015-07-27.

[20] Informationszentrum Naturpark Altmühltal in Trägerschaft des Landkreises Eichstätt. "Römischer Bauernhof". Retrieved 2015-07-05.

[21] "Kohlhunden.html". www.kaluwi.de.

[22] Scheuerer, Kurt. "Römervilla Möckenlohe". www.roemervilla-moeckenlohe.de.

[23] tmuehltal.de Archived February 21, 2014, at the Wayback Machine

[24] "Villa Rustica Peiting". Pfaffenwinkel. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-07-05.

[25] Alpenland in Römerhand. "Peiting". Retrieved 2015-06-02.

[26] "Kein Ackerbau über der "Villa rustica" Rodau - Bergsträßer Anzeiger".

[27] roemervilla-blankenheim.de Archived February 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine

[28] "Grundriß einer römischen Villa Rustica, Sarresdorf, Gerolstein, Gerolstein - Datenbank der Kulturgüter in der Region Trier". www.roscheiderhof.de.

[29] "Herzlich willkommen - Pfälzer Bergland". kuseler-musikantenland.de. Archived from the original on 2012-07-11.

[30] Rimski lokaliteti valjevskog kraja Archived April 16, 2016, at the Wayback Machine

[31] Horisberger, Beat; Hedinger, Bettina; Hoek, Florian; Büsser, Roger (2007). Römisches Landleben im Zürcher Oberland - Die Römer in Wetzikon (in German). Frauenfeld, Stuttgart, Wien: Verlag Huber. ISBN 978-3-7193-1441-5.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

Authority control databases
National	Germany
Other	Historical Dictionary of Switzerland