Lyncida Appias
| Шоколад альбатрос | |
|---|---|
| |
| Вентральный вид | |
Научная классификация 
| |
| Домен: | Эукариота |
| Королевство: | Животное |
| Филум: | Членистоногие |
| Сорт: | Инсекта |
| Заказ: | Лепидоптера |
| Семья: | Pieridae |
| Род: | Апидж |
| Разновидность: | A. lyncida
|
| Binomial name | |
| Appias lyncida Cramer, 1777
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| Subspecies | |
| |
| Synonyms | |
Lyncida Appias , [ 3 ] шоколадный альбатрос , [ 4 ] [ 5 ] является бабочкой семьи Pieridae , то есть Yellows and Whites, которые встречаются в Южной и Юго -Восточной Азии . [ 4 ] [ 5 ]
Диапазон
[ редактировать ]Шоколадный альбатрос встречается в Индии , Китае , Шри -Ланке , Мьянме , Малайзии , Индонезии , Филиппинах , Таиланде , Лаосе , Индочитае , Тайване , Хайнане и, возможно, Южно -Китай . [ 4 ] [ 5 ]
В Индии бабочка варьируется по всей Южной Индии , Никобарских островах , Сикким в Ассам и на Мьянму . [ 4 ] [ 5 ] В Южной Индии шоколадный альбатрос можно найти вдоль подножия западных Гат . Он встречается в течение года в Нилгирисе , где он распространен на местном уровне. В северных частях полуострова Индии он распространяется на Ориссу и на север до Лакхнау . [ 6 ]
Статус
[ редактировать ]In India, the northern race of the butterfly is common, while it is local and scarce in other parts of its range.[6]
Description
[edit]
The chocolate albatross has a wingspan of 55 to 70 mm. The male is white above with chocolate-brown or black margins, and, bright lemon yellow below with chocolate-coloured markings. The female is white and densely clouded with dark brown.[7]
The butterfly shows seasonal dimorphism and is very variable. The detailed descriptions are as follows:[6]
- Wet-season form:
- Male - white above, with bluish costa and termen inwardly edged with black teeth-like markings on the forewing. The hindwing is similarly toothed on the termen, which has a bluish inward border. The underside of the hindwing is bright yellow and is outwardly bordered with dark chocolate.[1]
- Female - black upperside of the forewing with four white streaks on the disc. Blackish upperside of the hindwing except for the whitish discal area. The underside of the hindwing may be yellowish or whitish and have broad dark band at the termen.
- Dry-season form: smaller.[1]
- Male - The male has narrower black margins above.[1]
- Female - Similar above to the wet-season form, but with more extensive white markings.[1][2]
Habits
[edit]The chocolate albatross is a forest butterfly and prefers rainy highlands, up to a level of 3,000 feet (910 m). Flying strongly and swiftly close to the ground, the albatross is frequently found in jungle clearings and along stream banks. The males are often found circling around trees and bushes. The chocolate albatross often mudpuddles, sometimes in large numbers. The butterfly occasionally visits flowers and has been recorded to visit Verbena flowers in Kodagu.[6]
Life cycle
[edit]The larvae have been recorded on Crataeva religiosa, Capparis roxburghii and Capparis heyneana.[5]
- Life cycle
-
Eggs on Crateva religiosa -
Larva -
Chrysalis -
Imago (dorsal view) -
Imago (lateral view; male on right, female on left)
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Bingham, C.T. (1907). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. II (1st ed.). London: Taylor and Francis, Ltd. pp. 203–205.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Moore, Frederic (1903–1905). Lepidoptera Indica. Vol. VI. London: Lovell Reeve and Co. pp. 199–200.
- ^ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Appias lyncida". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index. Natural History Museum. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d R.K., Varshney; Smetacek, Peter (2015). A Synoptic Catalogue of the Butterflies of India. New Delhi: Butterfly Research Centre, Bhimtal & Indinov Publishing, New Delhi. p. 77. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.3966.2164. ISBN 978-81-929826-4-9.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Savela, Markku. "Appias Hübner, [1819]". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved May 15, 2018.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. pp. 428–429. ISBN 978-8170192329.
- ^ Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000). Butterflies of Peninsular India. India, A Lifescape. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press. pp. 100–101, ser no 23. ISBN 978-8173713545.
References
[edit]- Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd ed.). Mumbai, India: Bombay Natural History Society.
- Gaonkar, Harish (1996). Butterflies of the Western Ghats, India (including Sri Lanka) - A Biodiversity Assessment of a Threatened Mountain System. Bangalore, India: Centre for Ecological Sciences.
- Kunte, Krushnamegh (2000). Butterflies of Peninsular India. India, A Lifescape. Hyderabad, India: Universities Press. ISBN 978-8173713545.
- Wynter-Blyth, Mark Alexander (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay, India: Bombay Natural History Society. ISBN 978-8170192329.
- Arun, P. R. (2000). Seasonality and abundance of insects with special reference to butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in a Moist deciduous forest of Siruvani, Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, South India Ph.D. Thesis, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore. 236p.
- Haribal, Meena (1992). Бабочки Сиккима Гималаев и их естественная история . Гангток, Сикким, Индия: Сикким Фонд охраны природы.
Внешние ссылки
[ редактировать ]
- Csiro Australia EntoMid-PNG База данных образцов [1]
- Центр биоразнообразия АСЕАН [2]
- Фотографии сингапурских бабочек шоколадного альбатроса ( архив 2009-10-25)