Мачхивара (джунгли)
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| Мадхивара | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Geography | |
| Location | Ludhiana district, Punjab, India |
Мачхивара , также написал Маккивара , был историческим джунглями, расположенными в регионе Пенджаб, недалеко от берега реки Сатлейдж недалеко от современного района Лудхиана в Пенджабе, Индия . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Джунгли Мачхивара не следует путать с джунглями лакхи , которые существовали недалеко от Батинда .
Этимология
[ редактировать ]Название «Machiwara» получено из Мачи , которое является словом пенджаби для рыбы и пришло в результате рыбаков, которые проживали в этом районе. [ 2 ]
История
[ редактировать ]
Джунгли сформировались в регионе недалеко от берега реки Сатлей. [ 2 ] The jungle was filled with thorny vegetation and existed during the time period of Guru Gobind Singh.[1] The jungle was located near a village, also called Machhiwara (now a town).[1] In the aftermath of the Battle of Chamkaur, the tenth Sikh guru, Guru Gobind Singh, became separated from the rest of his entourage and became lost in the Machhiwara jungle after leaving from Chamkaur in December 1705.[3][4][1] The guru was without food, shelter, or a mount during his trek through the jungle.[3] He eventually reunited with three of his companions. Man Singh, Dharam Singh, and Daya Singh, in the garden of the village sharing the name of the jungle.[3][1] The guru had chosen the garden outside the village as his resting place when he was come upon by his companions.[1] Gurdwara Charan Kaval Sahib now marks the location of this village garden.[1] A man named Gulaba Chand was the local masand of the Machhiwara area during the time of Guru Gobind Singh.[5][2] Guru Gobind Singh stayed with Gulaba, who had a house in the Machhiwara village, where he stayed in a room on the first floor.[1] Gurdwara Chubara Sahib now marks the location where Gulaba's house once was.[1] Two Rohilla Pathan brothers who worked as horse dealers, named Ghani Khan and Nabi Khan, helped transport the guru whilst he was disguised as a Muslim holy man.[1] The guru stayed at the family house of the Pathan brothers after staying in Gulaba's house.[1] The familial house of the Pathan brothers is now marked by Gurdwara Uchch Da Pir.[1] The group secretly disguised the guru as a Sufi Pir of Uch, carrying him in a palanquin, with the event known as Uch Da Peer.[1] With the assistance of three Muslims, the group was able to evade Mughal patrols in the area.[3] Eventually, the group made its way out of the area and reached Jatpura, where Rai Kalha, a local Muslim chieftain, received the Sikh guru.[3]
Some writings associated with Guru Gobind Singh are linked to the Machhiwara jungle and village. The Fatehnama letter is believed to have been composed within and dispatched from the area.[6][7] Furthermore, the sixth hymn of Shabad Hazare, Mittar Pyare Nu, is believed to have been composed by the tenth Guru in the Machhiwara area after the deaths of all his sons.[8][9] The Guru composed this work while leaning against a tree in the wilds of Machhiwara after having been wandering for days with only the soft leaves of the Akk plant (Calotropis gigantea) as sustenance, sleeping directly on the lumpy forest ground, suffering from foot blisters, wearing torn attire, and sustaining cuts from the thorny vegetation of the jungle.[9] This composition forms the sixth stanza of the Shabad Hazare chapter of the Dasam Granth.[9]
"Carry to the Beloved the message of His humble servant
Soft beds are to him like a disease, if thou are not with him
Living in the halls and mansions is like living among serpents, if thou art away
Wine cups hurt him like the sword and things of comfort kill,
as does the butcher's knife, if thou art not with him
In the companionship of the friend, turf is superior to soft beds,
accursed are the places if thou art away."
— Guru Gobind Singh, Shabad Hazare, Dasam Granth, translation from 'History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E' (2007), pages 833–834, by Surjit Singh Gandhi
The Nihangs favour the dark blue colour for their clothing, which they adopted to emulate Guru Gobind Singh's attire when he escaped from Chamkaur through the Machhiwara jungle.[10]
The Machhiwara jungle, alongside the Lakhi jungle, were both used as hide-outs by Sikhs during periods of active oppression and active genocide, such as by the Mughal government.[11] Punjab used to have many thick forests that were used as safe-spots for Sikhs.[11]
Present
[edit]The jungle no longer exists for the most part, having been deforested, however surviving remnants can be found in the graveyard located to the north-east direction of the Government Girl School.[12]
Some have connected the surviving Mattewara forest with the historical Machhiwara jungle.[13][14]
The Machhiwara jungle that existed during Guru Gobind Singh's time, which was cut down in the subsequent centuries, is planned to be revived by the SGPC through the planting of samplings on gurdwara land the organization owns within the locality to revive the lost jungle.[15]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m Singh, Gurmukh (2011). Singh, Harbans (ed.). The Sikh Encyclopedia. Vol. 3 (M–R) (3rd ed.). Patiala: Punjabi University. pp. 5–6.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Jaggi, Rattan Singh (10 March 2015). "ਮਾਛੀਵਾੜਾ" [Machhiwara]. Punjabipedia – Punjabi University, Patiala (originally published in the 'Sikh Panth Encyclopedia' by Gur Ratan Publishers) (in Punjabi). Retrieved 30 July 2024.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Singh, Patwant (2007). The Sikhs. Crown Publishing Group. ISBN 9780307429339.
But this tragic phase was still to reach its nadir. With the break of dawn, after having left Chamkaur in the dead of night, the Guru found himself separated from his companions and alone in the heart of the Machhiwara forest. He was without food, shelter, or his trusted mount, his mind filled with thoughts of Mughal betrayal and the loss of his men and sons; only his iron will sustain him in that bleak hour. As luck would have it his three companions, following the route they had agreed upon, were eventually reunited with him. The four, with the help of loyal Sikhs and at least three friendly Muslims, made their way through the enemy patrols who were searching for them. They finally reached the village of Jatpura where the Guru was warmly received by the Muslim chief of the area, Rai Kalha.
- ^ Hardip Singh Syan (2013). Sikh Militancy in the Seventeenth Century: Religious Violence in Mughal and Early Modern India. I.B. Tauris. pp. 220–222. ISBN 978-1-78076-250-0.
- ^ Gandhi, Surjit Singh (2007). History of Sikh Gurus Retold: 1606-1708 C.E. Vol. 2. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. pp. 833–834. ISBN 9788126908585.
- ^ Сикхский обзор, апрель 1977 г., «Фатехнама», стр. 26 от Трилочана Сингха
- ^ Сингх, Бхай Вир. Шри Калгидхар Чаматкар Том 2 . Стр. 114–117.
- ^ Rinehart, Robin (2011). Обсуждая Дасам Грант . Издательство Оксфордского университета. С. 31–32. ISBN 978-0-19-984247-6 .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в Ганди, Сурджит Сингх (2007). История сикхских гуру пересказ: 1606-1708 гг . Тол. 2. Атлантические издатели и расстояние. С. 833–834. ISBN 9788126908585 .
- ^ Hardgrave, RL (1996). Раннее изображение сикхов: два травления 18 -го века Балтазарда Солинса. Международный журнал исследований Пенджаба , 3 (2), 213-27. Доступ через: https://www.laits.utexas.edu/solvyns-project/sikhs.html
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный Сингх, Яспал (7 сентября 2023 г.). Омолождение Пенджаба: новый экономический мировой порядок . Virsa Publications. С. 159–160. ISBN 9788195904952 .
- ^ Басаати, Викрам Сингх. «Джунгли Мачхивары» . Uch Da Peer . Получено 30 июля 2024 года .
- ^ Каур, Гуриндер (6 июля 2022 года). «Маттевара: Зачем Пенджаб нужен этот древний лес возле его самого большого города и реки» . Приземленный . Получено 30 июля 2024 года .
- ^ «Лидер AAP Балбир Сингх призвать Пенджаб См не« уничтожать Маттевара Лесов » . ETV Bharat . 8 июля 2022 года . Получено 30 июля 2024 года .
- ^ «SGPC для возрождения Мачхивара Лес» . Индийский экспресс . 2012-09-11 . Получено 2023-05-01 .