Рануччо Фарнез
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| Ranuccio i | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Герцог Парма и Пиаченца | |
| Reign | 3 December 1592 – 5 March 1622 |
| Predecessor | Alessandro |
| Successor | Odoardo |
| Born | 28 March 1569 Parma, Duchy of Parma and Piacenza |
| Died | 5 March 1622 (aged 52) Parma, Duchy of Parma and Piacenza |
| Burial | |
| Spouse | Margherita Aldobrandini |
| Issue | (illeg.) Prince Ottavio Odoardo, Duke of Parma Maria, Duchess of Modena and Reggio Vittoria, Duchess of Modena Cardinal Francesco Maria |
| House | Farnese |
| Father | Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma |
| Mother | Maria of Portugal |
| Religion | Roman Catholicism |
Ranuccio I Farnese (28 марта 1569 - 5 марта 1622 г.), правящий как герцог Парма , Пиаценца и Кастро с 1592 года. Твердый сторонник абсолютной монархии , Рануччо, в 1594 году централизовал введение Пармы и Пиаценца, таким образом, отменив гадо Огромная прерогатива.
Преследование заговорщиков
[ редактировать ]Рануччо был сыном Александра Фарнезе, герцога Пармы и его жены Инфанты Марии из Португалии . [ 1 ] Его лучше всего помнят за «великую справедливость» 1612 года, в которой было показано, что казни большого количества пиацинатизинских дворян, подозреваемых в заговоре против него . [ 2 ] Клаудия Солла его любовница и ее мать были обвинены в использовании колдовства , чтобы помешать ему иметь потомство, и оба были приговорены к смерти путем сжигания. [3] Потому что один из заговорщиков, Джанфранческо Санвитале, ложно привлекли несколько итальянских князей, а именно Винченцо Гонзага, герцога Мантуя и Чезаре Д'Эсте, герцога Модены , в заговоре Винченцо и имена Чезаре появились в списке заговоров во время формированного судебного процесса, винченцо и имена Чезаре появились в списке заговоров во время придворных придворных учреждений. ; В результате репутация Рануччо среди правителей Италии была непоправимо повреждена, потому что было очевидно, что он заслужил доверие к явно ложному признанию Джанфранческо . Следовательно, в начале 1620 -х годов, Рануччо искал невесту для своего младшего законного сына и наследника Одоардо , ни одна из итальянских правящих семей не было с принцессами.
Claim to the Portuguese throne
[edit]Ranuccio was engaged to Archduchess Catherine Renata of Austria in 1599 but the Archduchess died shortly after and he eventually married Margherita Aldobrandini,[4] niece of Pope Clement VIII a year later. As, the son of Maria of Portugal, was considered as a potential king of Portugal when his childless great-uncle King Henry died. The throne, however, passed to Philip II of Spain, whose troops had promptly occupied the country after King Henry's death.
His great-uncle King Henry's death triggered the struggle for the throne of Portugal when Ranuccio was 11 years old. As the son of the late eldest daughter of Duarte, Duke of Guimarães, the only son of King Manuel I whose legitimate descendants survived at that time, Ranuccio was according to the feudal custom, first in line to the throne of Portugal. However his father Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma was an ally of the Spanish king, another contender, so Ranuccio's rights were not claimed at the time. Instead, Ranuccio's maternal aunt Catarina, Duchess of Braganza, claimed the throne in an ambitious manner, but failed to become queen.
Annexation of new areas and patronage of the arts
[edit]Under Ranuccio I's rule, the dukedom annexed the territories of Colorno, Sala Baganza, and Montechiarugolo.[5] He guided a cultural renewal in the city of Parma, supporting the arts and constructing the 4,500 seat Farnese Theater. Numerous improvements and monuments in Parma were constructed under Ranuccio I at his behest, including a revitalization of the University of Parma and the final expansion of the city walls. Construction of the Palazzo della Pilotta, the court palace of the Farnese family, was completed in 1620.
Death and succession
[edit]Ranuccio was succeeded by his son Odoardo, initially under the regency of Ranuccio's brother, Odoardo Farnese.
Issue
[edit]Ranuccio married Donna Margarita Aldobrandini, daughter of Don Giovanni Francesco Aldobrandini, Prince of Carpineto (1545-1601) and his wife and the heiress, Donna Olimpia Aldobrandini, Princess of Meldola (1567-1637), on 7 May 1600 in Rome, St. Sixtus. The couple had nine children:
- Alessandro Francesco Maria Farnese (8 August 1602), died at birth.
- Maria Farnese (5 September 1603), died at birth.
- Alessandro Farnese (5 September 1610 – 24 July 1630), Hereditary Prince of Parma and Piacenza, deaf and mentally disabled from birth,[6] excluded from the succession.
- Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma (28 April 1612 – 11 September 1646),[6] married Margherita de' Medici and had issue.
- Orazio Farnese (7 July 1613 – 28 February 1614), died in infancy.
- Maria Farnese (18 February 1615 – 25 July 1646), married Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena[7]
- Maria Farnese (29 April 1618), died at birth.
- Vittoria Farnese (29 April 1618 – 10 Aug 1649), married Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena and had issue.
- Francesco Maria Farnese (19 August 1620 – 13 July 1647), Cardinal.
Before his marriage Ranuccio I had a relation with Briseide Ceretoli, who was at that time unmarried; she was the daughter of Ottavio Ceretoli, a colonel who had died in Flanders in the following of Alessandro Farnese, Duke of Parma. The couple had two natural children:
- (illeg.) Ottavio Farnese (1598–1643)
- Isabella Farnese, married Don Giulio Cesare Colonna, Prince of Palestrina and Carbognano (1602-1681)
References
[edit]- ^ Diffie 1977, p. 428.
- ^ "Farnese family (Italian family)". Encyclopædia Britannica. britannica.com. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
- ^ Ceriotti, Luca; Dallasta, Federica (30 June 2008). Il posto di Caifa. L'Inquisizione a Parma negli anni dei Farnese: L'Inquisizione a Parma negli anni dei Farnese (in Italian). FrancoAngeli. ISBN 9788846493804.
- ^ Bellori 2005, p. 134.
- ^ Bonfait 2001, p. 116.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Hanlon 2014, p. 8-9.
- ^ Gamrath 2007, p. 25.
Sources
[edit]- Bellori, Giovanni Pietro (2005). The Lives of the Modern Painters, Sculptors and Architects. Translated by Wohl, Alice Sedgwick. Cambridge University Press.
- Bonfait, Olivier (2001). Geografia del collezionismo: Italia e Francia tra XVI e il XVIII secolo : atti delle giornate di studio dedicate a Giuliano Briganti : Roma, 19-21 settembre 1996 (in Italian). Ecole française de Rome.
- Diffie, Bailey Wallys (1977). Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415-1580. Vol. I. University of Minnesota Press.
- Gamrath, Helge (2007). Farnese: Pomp, Power and Politics in Renaissance Italy. L'Erma di Bretschneider.
- Хэнлон, Грегори (2014). Герой Италии: Одоардо Фарнезе, герцог Пармы, его солдаты и его подданные в тридцатилетней войне . Издательство Оксфордского университета.
