Охромонадалес
| Охромонадалес | |
|---|---|
| |
| Световые и трансмиссионные электронные микрофотографии Spumella sinechrysos , показывающие длинные жгутики (LF), короткий жгутиковый (SF) и везикул лейкозина (стрелка). Шкала стержня = 2 мкм. | |
Научная классификация 
| |
| Домен: | Эукариота |
| Клада : | Диафоретики |
| Клада : | Сар - |
| Clade: | Stramenopiles |
| Phylum: | Gyrista |
| Subphylum: | Ochrophytina |
| Class: | Chrysophyceae |
| Order: | Ochromonadales Pascher 1910 |
| Family: | Ochromonadaceae Lemmermann 1899[1] |
| Type genus | |
| Ochromonas Vysotskii 1887[2]
| |
| Synonyms[3] | |
Ochromonadales -это порядок одноклеточных принадлежащих водорослей, к классовым Chrysophyceae , также известным как золотые водоросли. Первоначально он содержал многочисленные группы жгутиков , которые не были тесно связаны. В конце 20 -го века достижения в области молекулярных и ультраструктурных исследований позволили перенести многие из этих групп из Ochromonadales, и порядок был уменьшен до одного семейства Ochromonadaceae . Это водные одноклеточные жгутиковые водоросли, с двумя жгутиками гетероконта , некоторые из которых вторично потеряли свои хлоропласты и кажутся бесцветными.
Описание
[ редактировать ]Виды этого порядка представляют собой жгутики , состоящие из клеток, способных плавать, используя два жгутиков . Несмотря на то, что предыдующие фотосинтетические , некоторые виды вторично потеряли эту способность и кажутся бесцветными. Они гетеротрофны и могут быть фаготрофными . [ 8 ] Некоторые из них являются миксотрофными , способными к фотосинтезу и фаготрофии, такие как Poterioomonas и Ochromonas . [ 9 ] Их можно найти в морских и пресноводных местах обитания. [ 10 ]
Systematics
[edit]Taxonomic history
[edit]Ochromonadales is an order of golden algae (class Chrysophyceae), a group of photosynthetic heterokonts (phylum Ochrophyta).[8] It initially contained numerous families united only by being primarily monadoid (flagellate), palmelloid or amoeboid throughout their life cycle. For this reason, it included completely unrelated organisms such as the Bicosoecaceae (now outside the phylum Ochrophyta) or the Pedinellaceae (now in class Dictyochophyceae).[11]
Its definition changed over time. In a 1957 classification of golden algae, French phycologist Pierre Bourrelly included in the order Ochromonadales all species that lack a cell wall and have a biflagellate stage during their life cycle, while those with a uniflagellate stage belonged to order Chromulinales. He included six families in the former: four flagellate families (Ochromonadaceae, Synuraceae, Coccolithophoraceae and Dinobryaceae) and two palmelloid families (Phaeocystaceae and Naegeliellaceae).[12] Eventually, Coccolithophoraceae and Phaeocystaceae were moved to the division Haptophyta instead.[13]
In 1968, Bourrelly again modified the composition of the order, placing within it all monadoid, coccoid or filamentous golden algae that generate cells with two flagella in at least one stage of their life cycle. He implemented three suborders:[14]
- Ochromonadinées, with free-living or sessile flagellates (Ochromonadaceae, Dinobryaceae and Synuraceae) and palmelloid forms (Ruttneraceae and Naegeliellaceae).
- Phaeothamnioninées, with simple or branched filamentous forms (Phaeothamniaceae).
- Chrysapioninées, with coccoid forms with a well-defined membrane (Chrysapionaceae).
In the following decades, most of these families were transferred to other orders and classes with the advent of ultrastructural studies and molecular phylogenetics. Synuraceae was moved to a new chrysophycean order Synurales established in 1987.[15] Around the same time, Naegeliellaceae was merged with Chromulinaceae.[16][17] Phaeothamniaceae and Chrysapionaceae were moved to a new class Phaeothamniophyceae established in 1998.[18] Ruttnera, the type genus of Ruttneraceae, was merged with Chrysotila which belongs to Isochrysidaceae (Haptophyta).[3]
Some authors merged Ochromonadales and Chromulinales, making the families Chrysococcaceae and Chromulinaceae new additions to the order. In addition, Paraphysomonadaceae, described in 1983,[19] was also assigned to Ochromonadales. Jahn Throndsen proposed in 1993 classifying five families within Ochromonadales: Ochromonadaecae, Chrysococcaceae, Chromulinaceae, Dinobryaceae and Paraphysomonadaceae.[20] The latter was eventually separated into its own order Paraphysomonadida. Other authors rejected the merge and maintained a separate Chromulinales, which took away Dinobryaceae, Chrysococcaceae and Chromulinaceae. In the end, only the family Ochromonadaceae remained.[21][22]
This family, first described by German botanist Ernst Lemmermann in 1899, contains genera of free-floating, naked single-celled organisms with two flagella. Originally it only contained Ochromonas, its type genus.[1] Its circumscription was later expanded by Bourrelly to include other genera.[14] Some of these genera initially belonged to their own families, all of which became synonyms: Dendromonas, the type genus of Dendromonadaceae, described in 1878 by Friedrich Stein (as Dendromonadina);[4] Spumella, the type of Spumellaceae, described in 1880 by William Saville-Kent (as Spumellidae);[5] Uroglena, the type of Uroglenaceae, described in the same 1899 publication by Lemmermann;[6] Syncrypta, the type of Syncryptaceae, described in 1913 by Franz Poche; and Protoochromonas, the type of Protoochromonadaceae, described in 1961 by Boris Skvortzov.[7] Although Spumellaceae and Dendromonadaceae would have priority due to being described earlier, Ochromonadaceae was conserved because it had a wider usage.[3][23]
Classification
[edit]The majority of known chrysophyte diversity falls within the orders Ochromonadales and Synurales.[24] The following genera are included within Ochromonadaceae, the sole family of Ochromonadales:
- Acrispumella Boenigk & Grossmann 2015[21]
- Anthophysa Bory 1822[25][26]
- Atacamaspumella T. Piesch, F. Nitsche & H. Arndt 2022[27]
- Chlorochromonas I.F. Lewis 1913[10]
- Chlorospumella T. Piesch, F. Nitsche & H. Arndt 2022[27]
- Cornospumella Boenigk & Grossmann 2016[21]
- Melkoniania R.A. Andersen & H.-S. Yoon 2017[10]
- Ochromonas Wysotzki 1887[2]
- Poterioochromonas Scherffel 1901[28][10]
- Poteriospumella T. Piesch, F. Nitsche & H. Arndt 2022[27]
- Spumella Cienkowsky 1870[21] (=Monas O.F. Müller 1773, Heterochromonas Pascher 1912)[29]
- Uroglena Ehrenberg 1834[30][31][32]
- Uroglenopsis Lemmermann 1899[6][31][32]
- Urostipulosphaera Pusztai & Škaloud 2019[31][32]
References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b Lemmermann 1899, p. 105.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Vysotskii 1887, p. 1.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Silva 1980, p. 45.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Stein 1878, plate VI, figures 1–5.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Saville-Kent 1880–1881, p. 305.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Lemmermann 1899, p. 107.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Skvortzov 1969.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Adl et al. 2019, p. 41.
- ^ Gastineau et al. 2021.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Andersen et al. 2017.
- ^ Christensen 1980, p. 116.
- ^ Bourrelly 1957, pp. 131–160.
- ^ Edvardsen et al. 2000.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Bourrelly 1968, pp. 76–116.
- ^ Andersen 1987.
- ^ Kristiansen & Sandgren 1986.
- ^ Harper et al. 2012.
- ^ Bailey et al. 1998.
- ^ Preisig & Hibberd 1983.
- ^ Throndsen 1993, pp. 618–620.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Grossmann et al. 2015.
- ^ Kristiansen & Škaloud 2017, p. 334.
- ^ Silva 1993, p. 705.
- ^ Pusztai 2021, p. 27.
- ^ Belcher & Swale 1972, p. 345.
- ^ Andersen & Woelkerling 2017.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Pietsch, Nitsche & Arndt 2022.
- ^ Scherffel 1901, p. 145.
- ^ Jeong et al. 2021.
- ^ Ehrenberg 1834, p. 317.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Pusztai & Škaloud 2019.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Pusztai & Škaloud 2022.
Cited literature
[edit]- Adl, Sina M.; Bass, David; Lane, Christopher E.; Lukeš, Julius; Schoch, Conrad L.; Smirnov, Alexey; Agatha, Sabine; Berney, Cedric; Brown, Matthew W.; Burki, Fabien; et al. (2019). "Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes". Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 66 (1): 4–119. doi:10.1111/JEU.12691. PMC 6492006. PMID 30257078.
- Andersen, Robert A. (1987). "Synurophyceae classis nov., a new class of algae". American Journal of Botany. 74 (3): 337–353. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1987.tb08616.x.
- Andersen, Robert A.; Woelkerling, William J. (2017). "Lectotype designation for Anthophysa vegetans (O.F.Müller) F.Stein (Ochromonadales, Chrysophyceae)" (PDF). Notulae Algarum. 2017: No. 22.
- Andersen, Robert A.; Graf, Louis; Malakhov, Yuriy; Yoon, Hwan Su (2017). "Rediscovery of the Ochromonas type species Ochromonas triangulata (Chrysophyceae) from its type locality (Lake Veysove, Donetsk region, Ukraine)". Phycologia. 56 (6): 591–604. doi:10.2216/17-15.1.
- Bailey, J. Craig; Bidigare, R. R.; Christensen, S. J.; Andersen, R. A. (1998). "Phaeothamniophyceae Classis Nova: A New Lineage of Chromophytes Based upon Photosynthetic Pigments, rbcL Sequence Analysis and Ultrastructure". Protist. 149 (3): 245–263. doi:10.1016/S1434-4610(98)70032-X. PMID 23194637.
- Belcher, J. H.; Swale, E. M. F. (1972). "The morphology and fine structure of the colourless colonial flagellate Anthophysa vegetans (O. F. Müller) Stein". British Phycological Journal. 7 (3): 335–346. doi:10.1080/00071617200650351.
- Bock, Christina; Olefeld, Jana L.; Vogt, Janina C.; Albach, Dirk C.; Boenigk, Jens (25 April 2022). "Phylogenetic and functional diversity of Chrysophyceae in inland waters". Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 22 (2): 327–341. doi:10.1007/s13127-022-00554-y.
- Bourrelly, Pierre (1957). Recherches sur les Chrysophycées: Morphologie, Phylogénie, Systématique [Research on the Chrysophyceae: Morphology, Phylogeny, Systematics]. Revue algologique (in French). Paris: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. pp. 131–160. Retrieved 2024-05-23.
- Bourrelly, Pierre (1968). Les Algues d'Eau Douce: Initiation à la Systématique. Tome II: Les Algues jaunes et brunes: Chrysophycées, Phéophycées, Xanthophycées et Diatomées. Paris: Editions N. Boubee & Cie.
- Christensen, Tyge (1980). Algae: a taxonomic survey. Vol. 1. Odense: AiO Tryk as. ISBN 978-87-7001-116-7.
- Edvardsen, Bente; Eikrem, Wenche; Green, J. C.; Andersen, Robert A.; Moon-van der Staay, Seung Yeo; Medlin, Linda K. (2000). "Phylogenetic reconstructions of the Haptophyta inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA sequences and available morphological data". Phycologia. 39 (1): 19–35. doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-39-1-19.1.
- Ehrenberg, C. G. (1834). "Dritter Beitrag zur Erkenntniss grosser Organisation in der Richtung des kleinsten Raumes" [Third contribution to the knowledge of large organization in the direction of the smallest space]. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin (in German): 145–336.
- Gastineau, Romain; Yilmaz, Elif; Solak, Cüneyt Nadir; Lemieux, Claude; Turmel, Monique; Witkowski, Andrzej (2021). "Complete chloroplast genome of the mixotrophic chrysophyte Poterioochromonas malhamensis (Ochromonadales, Synurophyceae) from Van Lake in Eastern Anatolia". Mitochondrial DNA Part B. 6 (9): 2719–2721. doi:10.1080/23802359.2021.1923416. PMC 8405094. PMID 34471690.
- Grossmann, Lars; Bock, Christina; Schweikert, Michael; Boenigk, Jens (2015). "Small but Manifold - Hidden Diversity in "Spumella-like Flagellates"". The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology. 63 (4): 419–439. doi:10.1111/jeu.12287. PMC 5066751. PMID 26662881.
- Harper, Margaret A.; Cooper, Vivienne Cassie; Chang, F. Hoe; Nelson, Wendy A.; Broady, Paul A. (2012). "Phylum Ochrophyta: brown and golden-brown algae, diatoms, silicoflagellates, and kin". In Gordon, Dennis P. (ed.). New Zealand Inventory of Biodiversity. Vol. 3: Kingdoms Bacteria, Protozoa, Chromista, Plantae, Fungi (1 ed.). Christchurch: Canterbury University Press. ISBN 9781927145050. Retrieved 2024-05-24.
- Jeong, Minseok; Kim, Jong Im; Nam, Seung Won; Shin, Woongghi (2021). "Molecular phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Spumella (Chrysophyceae) based on morphological and molecular evidence". Frontiers in Plant Science. 12: 758067. doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.758067. PMC 8577464.
- Kristiansen, Jørgen; Sandgren, Craig D. (1986). "The ultrastructural bases of chrysophyte systematics and phylogeny". Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 4 (2): 149–211. Bibcode:1986CRvPS...4..149K. doi:10.1080/07352688609382222.
- Kristiansen, Jørgen; Škaloud, Pavel (2017). "Chrysophyta". In Archibald, J.; Simpson, A.; Slamovits, C. (eds.). Handbook of the Protists. Cham: Springer. pp. 331–366. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28149-0_43. ISBN 978-3-319-28147-6.
- Lemmermann, E. (1899). "Das Phytoplankton sächsischer Teiche" [The phytoplankton of Saxon ponds] (PDF). Forschungsberichte aus der Biologischen Station zu Plön (in German). 7: 93–135.
- Pietsch, Tobias; Nitsche, Frank; Arndt, Hartmut (2022). "High molecular diversity in the functional group of small bacterivorous non-scaled chrysomonad flagellates". European Journal of Protistology. 86: 125915. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2022.125915. PMID 36193607.
- Preisig, Hans Rudolf; Hibberd, David J. (1983). "Ultrastructure and taxonomy of Paraphysomonas (Chrysophyceae) and related genera 3". Nordic Journal of Botany. 3 (6): 695–723. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1983.tb01481.x.
- Pusztai, Martin; Škaloud, Pavel (2019). "Elucidating the evolution and diversity of Uroglena-like colonial flagellates (Chrysophyceae): polyphyletic origin of the morphotype". European Journal of Phycology. 54 (3): 404–416. doi:10.1080/09670262.2019.1574030.
- Pusztai, Martin; Škaloud, Pavel (2022). "Species delimitation within the colonial flagellates Uroglena, Uroglenopsis and Urostipulosphaera (Chrysophyceae)". European Journal of Phycology. 57 (1): 79–95. doi:10.1080/09670262.2021.1892196.
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- Scherffel, A. (1901). "Kleiner Beitrag zur Phylogenie einiger Gruppen niederer Organismen" [Small contribution to the phylogeny of some groups of lower organisms]. Botanisches Zeitung (in German). 59: 143–158. OCLC 1536909. Retrieved 2024-05-25.
- Silva, Paul C. (1980). "Names of classes and families of living algae, with special reference to their use in the Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum)" (PDF). Regnum Vegetabile. 103: 1–156. Retrieved 2024-05-23.
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- Skvortzov, B. V. (1969). "The list of new genera and type species of flagellates and algae published in 1959–1961". Hydrobiologia. 34 (3–4): 343–347. doi:10.1007/BF00045393.
- Stein, Friedrich Ritter von (1878). Der Organismus der Infusionsthiere. III. Abtheilung. Der Organismus der Flagellaten nach eigenen Forschungen in Systematischer Reihenfolge. I. Hälfte, Den noch nicht abgeschlossenen allgemeinen Theil nebst Erklärung der sämmtlichen Abbildungen enthaltend [The Infusoria Organism. Volume III. The Flagellate Organism according to our own research in a systematic order. Part I, Containing the general part, which has not yet been completed, along with an explanation of all the illustrations] (in German). Lepizig: W. Engelmann. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.3933. OCLC 475289589. Retrieved 2024-04-23.
- Throndsen, Jahn (1993). «Планктонные морские жгучики». В Томасе, Кармело Р. (ред.). Выявление морского фитопланктона . Академическая пресса. С. 591–730. ISBN 0-12-693018-х .
- Vysotskii, A. V. (1887), Mastigophora i Rhizopoda, naydennyya v Veysovom i Repnom ozorakh. Otchet ob ekskursii dlya izsledovaniya slavyanskikh solyanykh ozer Khar'kovskoy gubernii, v botanicheskom otnoshenii [ Mastigophora and Rhizopoda, found in Veysovoe and Turnip lakes. Report on the excursion for the study of the Slavic salt lakes of the Kharkov province, in botanical terms ] (PDF) (in Russian), Kharkiv: Universitetskoy Tipografiya