Игрок Коуч
Компания игрока (также играющий тренер , капитан-тренер или игрок-менеджер ) является членом спортивной команды, которая одновременно выполняет как игра, так и тренерские обязанности. Компании игроков могут быть главными тренерами или помощниками тренеров, и они могут внести изменения в команду, а также играть в команде.
Очень немногие нынешние крупные профессиональные спортивные команды имеют главных тренеров, которые также являются игроками, хотя старшие игроки часто играют роль в управлении большим количеством юниоров. Исторически, когда у профессионального спорта было меньше денег, чтобы заплатить игрокам и тренерам или менеджерам, тренеры игроков были более распространены. Аналогичным образом, где сегодня существуют тренеры-игроки, они чаще встречаются, но не эксклюзивны на более низкие уровни, где деньги менее доступны.
Игроки в баскетболе
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Компания игрока в течение многих десятилетий была давним матчем в профессиональном баскетболе . Многие известные тренеры в НБА служили тренерами игроков, включая Билла Рассела и Ленни Уилкенса . Это было особенно верно в течение 1970-х годов, когда лига была не так финансово успешной, как сегодня, и игроки часто использовались для экономии денег. Практика упала в пользу в 1980 -х годах (хотя Майк Данливи -старший , в то время как помощник тренера с Милуоки Бакс , когда -то вышел из отставки и сыграл несколько игр, когда размер травм уничтожила команду). Сегодня коллективное соглашение между НБА и союзом игроков запрещает использование коучинков игроков, чтобы избежать обхода ограничения зарплаты лиги , поскольку зарплаты тренеров не учитываются в соответствии с ограничением. Поэтому, если игрок должен служить тренером, ему придется получить комиссию от своего контракта в качестве игрока. Таким образом, игрок технически не является официальным тренером своей команды, а просто тренером по имени. Одним из примеров игрока в последние годы, который был подготовлен к возможным официальным тренерским обязанностям, с использованием этой практики был Эйвери Джонсон . Последним игроком, который служил официальным помощником тренера, был Tree Rollins для Magic Orlando во время сезона 1994-1995, и последним игроком, который служил главным тренером, был Дейв Коуэнс для Бостон Селтикс во время сезона 1978-1979 гг.
Игроки в американском футболе
[ редактировать ]В первые дни профессионального американского футбола были необходимостью, так как правила большинства лиг запретили коучинг со стороны. Национальная футбольная лига в конечном итоге позволила тренерам по боковой линии в конце 1920 -х годов, и они быстро стали нормой. В течение 1920-х годов легендарные тренеры-игроки в НФЛ включают Керли Ламбо , который играл за « Грин-Бэй Пэкерс» с 1919 по 1929 год и служил их главным тренером с 1919 по 1949 год, и Джордж Халас , который занимал аналогичные роли для Чикагских медведей , и Медведей Чикагских Команда, для которой он также был совладельцем и бизнес-менеджером. Эрни Недэдс занимал должности как защитника, так и главного тренера « Эскимосов Дулута» в 1927 году и Чикагских кардиналов с 1929 по 1931 год . Джимми Конзельман был тренером игрока в четырех командах в течение 1920-х годов. В середине 1950-х годов Том Лэндри отыграл защиту, служа в качестве координатора обороны для нью-йоркских гигантов . В начале 1970-х годов, когда Лэндри был тренером Dallas Cowboys , он запустил Дэн Ривз тренером игрока.
In the television era, pro football evolved into a higher-impact two-platoon game, so players serving as head coaches became impractical.
More modern players have acted as player-assistant coaches in an unofficial capacity, such as journeyman quarterback Steve DeBerg, who served as an unofficial mentor for younger, more skilled arms while also serving as their backup.
In an official capacity, much like the NBA, the current CBA between the NFL and the NFL Players Association prohibits official player-coaches due to teams using it to circumvent the salary cap. This was evident in 2020 when the Denver Broncos were forced to start practice squad wide receiver Kendall Hinton at quarterback due to all of the Broncos regular quarterbacks being placed into COVID-19 protocols as a result of backup quarterback Jeff Driskel testing positive for COVID-19 and being around the remaining quarterbacks on the team without wearing face masks. Originally, the Broncos wanted to use offensive quality control coach Rob Calabrese to play quarterback, but the NFL turned them down out of hand.[1] The Saints defeated the Broncos 31–3, with Hinton going 1 for 9 and two interceptions.[2]
By the 21st century, on-field playcalling duties would often be split between the head coach or offensive coordinator and the Quarterback. Peyton Manning, Brett Favre, Tom Brady, Ben Roethlisberger and Drew Brees pioneered what would essentially become roles as on-field offensive coordinators by taking vocal leadership in playcalling and game management.
Player-coaches in cricket
[edit]Player-coaches in cricket are almost unheard of, although professional coaches are a relatively recent innovation and a similar role was generally filled by the team captain; this may still be the case in amateur competition. Internationally, Shane Deitz was appointed non-playing coach of Vanuatu in 2014 and, after meeting the necessary residency qualifications, made his international playing debut in 2018, at the age of 42.[3] Similarly, former Australian international Ryan Campbell was appointed as a non-playing batting coach of Hong Kong in 2013,[4] and after meeting the residency qualifications made his playing debut for Hong Kong in 2016, at the age of 44.[5]
More recently the ICC full-member team of India had a spell in following the resignation of head coach Anil Kumble where the team played without a coach. In this instance, team captain Virat Kohli was given the nickname 'Koach' (Kohli + Coach) as he served as player coach for the tour of the West Indies in 2017.[6]
Player-managers in association football
[edit] | The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (January 2016) |
In association football, this situation usually arises when a manager leaves a team suddenly, and the chairman has to make a quick decision to appoint someone new as a caretaker manager. The chairman will usually either ask a coach to take temporary charge or turn to one of the club's most senior players. If this particular player gains good results for the team during his time in charge, he may be appointed full-time manager, which leaves him a player–manager. However, there are instances when a free agent is appointed by a new team as a manager and offers his playing abilities.
In British men's football
[edit]Notable football player-managers include: Kenny Dalglish (Liverpool), Graeme Souness (Rangers), Glenn Hoddle (Swindon Town and Chelsea), Bryan Robson (Middlesbrough), Peter Reid (Manchester City), Ruud Gullit, Gianluca Vialli (both Chelsea).[7][8] Dalglish won a double of the league title and FA Cup in his first season as player-manager and continued to win two more league titles and an FA Cup before retiring from playing completely five years after becoming manager. Souness won three Scottish league titles and several cup competitions when he was player-manager of Rangers. He then succeeded Dalglish as Liverpool manager just before Rangers won another Scottish league title, but at the age of 38 he did not register himself as a player for Liverpool. In 1997, Ruud Gullit won the FA Cup with Chelsea in his first season as player-manager, also making history by being the first foreign and non-white manager to win a major trophy in English football. He was sacked nine months later, and Chelsea appointed another player-manager (Gianluca Vialli) in his place. Within weeks of taking over, Vialli guided Chelsea to victory in the League Cup, and two months after that, they won the European Cup Winners' Cup.[7][8]
A number of bigger clubs have appointed player-managers on a temporary basis but not given them permanent contracts. Notable cases include Ossie Ardiles (Tottenham Hotspur) in 1987 and Dave Watson (Everton) a decade later, although Ardiles later returned to Tottenham as manager in 1993 after managing three other clubs. During the first decade of the 21st century, however, the concept gradually fell into almost total disuse and was normally only practiced by smaller clubs.[9] In March 2013, a BBC Sport article suggested that the concept of having a player-manager had gone out of fashion, with only two clubs in the English professional leagues using player-managers at that time.[9]
There have been four player-managers in the Premier League since 2000:
- Stuart McCall, who managed two Bradford City games on an interim basis in late 2000
- Garry Monk, who was appointed interim player-manager of Swansea City in February 2014, after their manager, Michael Laudrup, was sacked
- Leon Britton, who also became player-manager of Swansea City after the sacking of Paul Clement[9]
- Ryan Giggs was appointed player-coach at Manchester United by David Moyes on 4 July 2013 and Giggs served as interim player-manager until the appointment of Louis van Gaal on 9 May 2014 as manager following Moyes' dismissal[8]
In English women's football
[edit]Chelsea L.F.C. defender Casey Stoney served a six-month spell as player-manager from January to June 2009 after the mid-season resignation of manager Steve Jones, and guided the club to a third-place finish in the 2008–09 FA Women's Premier League National Division.[10]
In Slovak men's football
[edit]In Slovakia, comparably to surrounding countries, player-coaches and player-managers are most common in semi-professional or amateur clubs with sides being led by formerly professional players on the brink of retirement or in early stages of their managerial careers. Frequently, such player-managers are linked with clubs from their native areas. Examples include Milan Jambor playing and managing FK Svit, Stanislav Šesták playing for and managing a club from his native village of Demjata or Peter Petráš's tenure in Tatran Prešov during their years in crisis in 3. Liga.[11][12][13] In professional football (top two leagues) such cases are rarer but have occurred in the past, especially in smaller and financially struggling clubs, such as Senica, which has cooperated with Juraj Piroska simultaneously in a role of a players and assistant manager.[14]
In other European football
[edit]In 2019, Vincent Kompany served as player-manager for RSC Anderlecht before retiring.[7][8]
In September 2021, Ferencvárosi TC appointed forward Fanny Vágó as player-manager, who then led the team to two Női NB I championships in 2021–22 and 2022–23 while also continuing as the league's leading goalscorer in both seasons.[15] When prompted to choose between managing her club and continuing to play for the Hungary women's national football team by its manager Margret Kratz, Fanny chose club management and ended her international career.[16]
In Brazilian men's football
[edit]Brazilian world-cup winner Romário was also a player-coach for Vasco da Gama in 2007.[17] He was appointed in November 2006 when Celso Roth was sacked after a loss and debuted in a 1–0 win against Club América in the quarterfinals of the Copa Sudamericana. Despite the victory, Vasco was eliminated because of a 2–0 loss in the first leg. He continued as a coach until early February when he decided to go against Vasco's president Eurico Miranda forced him to use the then youth player Alan Kardec in a match for Campeonato Carioca. Romário left Vasco both as a coach and player.[18]
In American women's football
[edit]In 2009, Sky Blue FC defender Christie Rampone took on her team's player-manager role after the resignation of Kelly Lindsey, herself the caretaker manager after the earlier resignation of Ian Sawyers.[19] She led Sky Blue from the lowest seed in the 2009 Women's Professional Soccer Playoffs to the league's inaugural championship match, which Sky Blue won.[20] Rampone later revealed that she was also more than two months' pregnant during her championship run as player-manager.[21]
Challenges
[edit]The chief executive of the League Managers Association stated his belief that the increased workload for managers made combining the two roles difficult. The last permanent player-manager in the top flight of English football was Gianluca Vialli, who retired from playing in 1999 when he was the manager of Chelsea.[9] The governing bodies have also imposed requirements for managers to hold professional coaching qualifications, which few players obtain before retiring.[9]
Player-managers in baseball
[edit]
In baseball, the manager selects the lineup and starting pitcher before each game, and makes substitutions throughout the game. In early baseball history, it was not uncommon for players to serve as player-managers; that is, they managed the team while still being signed to play for the club. One reason for this is that by hiring a player as a manager, the team could save money by paying only one salary.[22][23]: 4 Also, popular players were named player-managers in an effort to boost game attendance.[23]: 4–5 The early history of player-managers in baseball is also responsible for the unique quirk in modern baseball of a team's non-playing staff to continue to wear the same uniform as its players.[24][25]
While no Major League Baseball (MLB) team has been led by a player-manager since 1986, they were once common. In 1934, five of the eight National League managers were also players.[23]: 10 Notable players who spent time as player-managers include Cap Anson, Lou Boudreau, Fred Clarke, Ty Cobb, Mickey Cochrane, Joe Cronin, Connie Mack, John McGraw, Frank Robinson, Tris Speaker, and Joe Torre, each of whom is an inductee of the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Clarke spent the longest time as a major league player-manager, serving as such for the Louisville Colonels from 1897 to 1899 and the Pittsburgh Pirates from 1900 to 1915. Robinson became the first African-American manager in MLB history, breaking another baseball color line, when he was named the Cleveland Indians' player-manager in 1975.
The most recent player-manager in MLB was Pete Rose, who, upon being traded from the Montreal Expos to the Cincinnati Reds in August 1984, was immediately named the Reds' manager.[26] Rose managed and served as a backup infielder until the end of the 1986 season, when he retired as a player. Rose continued to manage the Reds until 1989, when he was given a lifetime ban by MLB for gambling on baseball.
During the 1999 Season Webster Garrison served as a player/coach for the Midland Rockhounds of the Texas League, (AA). Garrison played in 43 games while acting as the hitting coach for the team.
In their final game of the 2016 season, the Miami Marlins allowed Martin Prado to serve as player-manager. Prado started the game at third base and played for three innings before taking himself out of the game.[27]
Australian rules football
[edit]Captain-coaches used to be a relatively common occurrence in Australian rules football, even at the highest level of play; in fact, for the first nine years of the VFL (1897–1905), the premiership-winning team was coached by a player in every instance. However, the increasing professionalism and complications of the game late into the 20th century meant that the efficacy of captain-coaching was becoming increasingly unviable. The last captain-coach to win the premiership at the top level was Carlton's Alex Jesaulenko, who managed to secure a 5-point victory in the 1979 VFL Grand Final against Collingwood. Jesaulenko was also the final captain-coach in the VFL/AFL, serving as captain-coach until Round 8 on 16 May 1981.[28] However, Malcolm Blight was a non-captaining player-coach at North Melbourne until Round 16 of the same season but was not captain during this time.[29]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Sources: Broncos' bid to start coach at QB nixed". 29 November 2020.
- ^ "Broncos WR-turned-QB Kendall Hinton goes 1-for-9 with two interceptions in loss to Saints".
- ^ "At 42, Deitz set for hip return to cricket after 10-year hiatus". ESPN Cricinfo. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
- ^ "HKCA appoints Ryan Campbell as Specialist Batting Coach" – ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
- ^ "Hong Kong pick ex-Australia keeper Campbell for WT20" – ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 28 January 2016.
- ^ "Kumble resigns as partnership with Kohli becomes 'untenable'". ESPNcricinfo. 20 June 2017. Retrieved 2021-11-13.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c One's Kompany: just where have all the player-managers gone?, FourFourTwo, 22 May 2019
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d Акт о балансировании: 10 лучших игроков-игроков в английском футболе включают легенды из «Челси», «Ливерпуль» и «Рейнджерс», когда Винсент Компани играет новую роль в Андерлехте , Talksport , 21 мая 2019 г.
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в дюймовый и Остин, Саймон (28 марта 2013 г.). "Куда ушли игроки футбола?" Полем BBC Sport . Би -би -си. Архивировано с оригинала 28 марта 2013 года . Получено 29 марта 2013 года .
- ^ Voakes]], Крис (24 августа 2018 г.). « Я всегда хотел сделать это» - Стони непаден давлением управления человеком Юнайтед » . Цель . Получено 28 апреля 2023 года .
- ^ "TJ Sokol ľubotice" . Sokollubotice.sk . Получено 2022-12-06 .
- ^ «MFK Zemplín зарезервировал SVIT-Newspaper Zemplín» . www.novinyzemplina.sk . Получено 2022-12-06 .
- ^ «Петраш хотел спасти игроков. Через пять лет он присоединился к Прешву» . Sportnet.sme.sk (в Словаке) . Получено 2022-12-06 .
- ^ «Лицо Пироски Сенис! Новый кадр, новые амбиции» . Fortuna League . Получено 2022-12-06 .
- ^ Фанни Ваго: «Вам нужно знать и, возможно, пример» [ Fanny Cutter: «Вы должны знать, как проиграть, и, возможно, вам следует установить настройку эксплуат» ]. Sportal (в венгерском). 2 июня 2023 года . Получено 21 июля 2023 года .
- ^ «Ференфварон или герб» [Ференкварос или Джерси с гребнем]. M4 Sport (в венгерском). 22 марта 2023 года . Получено 21 июля 2023 года .
- ^ "Globoesporte.com> Football> Vasco - News - Romário будет обучать Vasco" . Globoesporte.globo.com . Получено 2021-12-20 .
- ^ "Globoesporte.com> Football> Flamengo - News - Kléber Leite открывает двери для Ромарио" . Globoesporte.globo.com . Получено 2021-12-20 .
- ^ Гиазе, Фрэнк (30 июля 2009 г.). «Тренер Sky Blue FC внезапно уходит; Кристи Рэмпон, чтобы служить тренером игрока» . Звездный Леджер . Получено 29 апреля 2023 года .
- ^ МакКоли, Ким (19 мая 2020 года). «Sky Blue FC's Surprise Championship 2009 года-это история Underdog за все время» . Все для XI . Получено 29 апреля 2023 года .
- ^ «Рампан ожидает второго ребенка» . Fox Sports . 25 августа 2009 г. Получено 29 апреля 2023 года .
- ^ «Буш может воспринимать пост Бэнкрофта в качестве пилота» . Вечерний независимый . 25 ноября 1933 г. с. 6A . Получено 16 апреля 2012 года - через Google News .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в Стейн, Фред (2002). И очистка летучих мышей для шкипера: история бейсбольного игрока - Менеджер, с 42 биографиями мужчин, которые выполняли двойную роль . Джефферсон, Северная Каролина: Макфарланд. ISBN 0-7864-1228-3 .
- ^ Ландерс, Крис (22 января 2020 года). "Почему именно менеджеры носят форму в землянке?" Полем Высшая лига бейсбол.
- ^ Сониак, Мэтт (5 июля 2019 г.). «Почему менеджеры по бейсболу носят такую же форму, как и их игроки?» Полем Ментальная нить.
- ^ «Возвращение Пит Роуз в качестве менеджера-игрока поразило средства массовой информации,-08.27.84-Si Vault» . CNN.com . Архивировано с оригинала 10 июля 2013 года . Получено 29 апреля 2018 года .
- ^ «Мартин Прадо служит игроком Марлинса в финале сезона» . cbslocal.com . 3 октября 2016 года. Архивировано с оригинала 4 октября 2016 года . Получено 29 апреля 2018 года .
- ^ «Сент -Килда против Северного Мельбурна - Статистика матчей» . afltables.com . 16 мая 1981 года.
- ^ «Северная история: профиль Blight Malcolm» . kangaroos.com.au . Архивировано с оригинала 20 ноября 2012 года . Получено 15 августа 2012 года .
Внешние ссылки
[ редактировать ]- Вульф, Стив. «Эволюция тренеров игроков» ESPN.com, 21 июня 2013 г.