Pteroptyx
| Pteroptyx | |
|---|---|
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| Pteroptyx valida в Chaiabhum , Таиланд | |
Научная классификация 
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| Домен: | Эукариота |
| Королевство: | Животное |
| Филум: | Членистоногие |
| Сорт: | Инсекта |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Lampyridae |
| Subfamily: | Luciolinae |
| Genus: | Pteroptyx Olivier, 1902 |
| Type species | |
| Pteroptyx testacea (Motschulsky, 1854)
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| Species | |
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See text | |
Pteroptyx - это род светлячков в подсемействе Luciolinae, найденной в Юго -Восточной Азии. Он давно отмечен для способности выполнять синхронное мигание, хотя не все виды синхронизируются. [ 1 ] Эти синхронизирующие виды были обнаружены на так называемых «деревьях светлячков» и создали растущую туристическую индустрию, наблюдающую за огнем, в некоторых регионах. Виды рода были идентифицированы в Малайзии , Таиланде , Филиппинах и Гонконге . [ 2 ]
Идентификация
[ редактировать ]Род Pteroptyx был впервые предложен Эрнестом Оливье в 1902 году для видов, похожих на люсиола . Он идентифицировал два вида, Люсиола Малакка и Лусиола Testacea, которые впоследствии были переназначены роду Pteroptyx . Три последующих вида, П. Тенер , П. Берни и П. Валида были описаны Оливье в период с 1907 по 1909 год. [ 3 ] Большая часть работы, пересматривающая роды в Luciolinae, была проделана австралийским энтомологом Лесли Баллантайн , начиная с 1970 года. [ 4 ]
The genus was originally defined based on characteristics of adult males: deflexed elytral apex, trisinuate ventrite 7, and a metafemoral comb. However some of the recently assigned species do not have either the deflexed elytral apex or the metafemoral comb. Developments in molecular sequencing techniques have improved the ability of entomologists to identify and delineate new species based on only female or larval specimens that were not collected in association with males. Jusoh et al. (2014) used these techniques to propose a new species, P. balingiana, as distinct from P. malaccae, but it has not been widely accepted.[5][6]
Taxonomy
[edit]The genus Pteroptyx was divided into Pteroptyx, Trisinuata, and Medeoptyx in 2013, with divisions based on localities and certain morphological characteristics.[7] The genus Inflata is grouped with the three genera to form a monophyletic clade.
Ecology
[edit]The males of two species, P. malaccae and P. tener, are often found in large groups on certain trees and perform synchronized flashing displays to attract females for mating. The first report of these synchronous displays was recorded in Thailand over a century ago, although the number of fireflies have decreased, likely due to the reduction of the necessary mangrove forests due to urbanization and shrimp farming in Thailand. Pollution and habitat loss have resulted in the loss of nearly all Pteroptyx populations from the area around Bangkok.[1]
Many of the species examined by Jusoh et al. in 2018 using genetic sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA were associated with mangroves, as their larva need a continuously damp environment to develop.[8] As a result, many of the species in the genus are at risk of habitat loss due to damage of mangroves as a result of rising sea levels from climate change.
Human interaction
[edit]Boat tours for observing the congregating, synchronous flashing of Pteroptyx species are popular in the Sundaic region of southern Thailand and Malaysia. This form of ecotourism has been used to stress the importance of mangrove protection and preservation, as many of the tour operators are local fishermen earning supplemental income.[9] The Kampung Kuantan Firefly Park in Selangor, Malaysia received over 57,000 visitors in 2018 to observe the synchronized flashing of P. tener; the fireflies have become an importance source of tourism dollars, although their numbers are decreasing due to human development and anthropogenic impacts on and near firefly habitats.[10]
Species
[edit]As described by Ballantyne & Lambkin in 2015, there are 17 known species in Pteroptyx.
- Pteroptyx asymmetria Ballantyne, 2001
- Pteroptyx bearni Olivier, 1909
- Pteroptyx decolor Olivier, 1911
- Pteroptyx galbina Jusoh, 2015
- Pteroptyx gelasina Ballantyne, 2001
- Pteroptyx gombakia Ballantyne, 2015
- Pteroptyx maipo Ballantyne, 2011
- Pteroptyx malaccae (Gorham, 1880)
- Pteroptyx macdermotti McLean, 1970
- Pteroptyx masatakai Kawashima, 2003
- Pteroptyx sayangia Ballantyne, 2015
- Pteroptyx sulawesiensis Kawashima, 2003
- Pteroptyx surabayia Ballantyne, 2015
- Pteroptyx tener Olivier, 1907
- Pteroptyx testacea (Motschulsky, 1854)
- Pteroptyx trucata Ballantyne, 2001
- Pteroptyx valida Olivier, 1909
References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b Sartsanga, Channarong; Swatdipong, Akarapong; Sriboonlert, Ajaraporn (23 March 2018). "Distribution of the Firefly Genus Pteroptyx Olivier and a New Record of Pteroptyx asymmetria Ballantyne (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae) in Thailand". The Coleopterists Bulletin. 72 (1): 171–183. doi:10.1649/0010-065X-72.1.171. ISSN 0010-065X. S2CID 90806682.
- ^ Ballantyne, Lesley; Fu, Xin Hua; Shih, Chun-Hat; Cheng, Chui-Yu; Yiu, Vor (27 June 2011). "Pteroptyx maipo Ballantyne, a new species of bent-winged firefly (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) from Hong Kong, and its relevance to firefly biology and conservation". Zootaxa. 2931 (1): 8–34–8–34. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2931.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334.
- ^ Ballantyne, Lesley A.; McLean, Miriam R. (1970). "Revisional Studies on the Firefly Genus Pteroptyx Olivier (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae: Luciolini)". Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 96 (2): 223–305. ISSN 0002-8320. JSTOR 25077994.
- ^ Ballantyne, Lesley; Lambkin, Christine L.; Boontop, Yuvarin; Jusoh, Wan F. A. (20 May 2015). "Revisional studies on the Luciolinae fireflies of Asia (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): 1. The genus Pyrophanes Olivier with two new species. 2. Four new species of Pteroptyx Olivier and 3. A new genus Inflata Boontop, with redescription of Luciola indica (Motsch.) as Inflata indica comb. nov". Zootaxa. 3959: 1–84. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3959.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 26249372.
- ^ Jusoh, Wan F. A.; Hashim, Nor Rasidah; Sääksjärvi, Ilari E.; Adam, Nur Azura; Wahlberg, Niklas (December 2014). "Species Delineation of Malaysian Mangrove Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) using DNA Barcodes". The Coleopterists Bulletin. 68 (4): 703–711. doi:10.1649/0010-065X-68.4.703. ISSN 0010-065X. S2CID 86004352.
- ^ Jusoh, Wan F A.; Ballantyne, Lesley; Chan, Kin Onn (2020). "DNA-based species delimitation reveals cryptic and incipient species in synchronous flashing fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) of Southeast Asia". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 130 (3): 520–532. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blaa072. Retrieved 14 February 2022.
- ^ Sriboonlert, Ajaraporn; Swatdipong, Akarapong; Sartsanga, Channarong; Prommarit, Kamonchat; Chittavichai, Thanyaporn; Jusoh, Wan F.A.; Wonnapinij, Passorn (June 2023). "Description of four new Medeopteryx Ballantyne (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Luciolinae) species from Thailand and their phylogenetic placements based on mitochondrial DNA". Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology. 26 (2): 102084. doi:10.1016/j.aspen.2023.102084.
- ^ Юсу, Ван Фа; Баллантайн, Лесли; Lambkin, Christine L.; Хашим, ни Расида; Уолберг, Никлас (6 августа 2018 г.). «Род света Pteroptyx Olivier Revisited (Coleoptera: Lampyridae: Luciolinae)» . Zootaxa . 4456 (1): 1–71. doi : 10.11646/Zootaxa.4456.1.1 . ISSN 1175-5334 . PMID 30314190 . S2CID 52977161 .
- ^ Нг, Кейси Кит-Чуан; Онг, Роберт Кирилл (5 апреля 2022 года). «Обзор антропогенного взаимодействия и характеристик воздействия сундаичных мангровых лесов в Юго -Восточной Азии» . Устье, прибрежная и шельфская наука . 267 : 107759. Bibcode : 2022ecss..26707759n . doi : 10.1016/j.ecss.2022.107759 . ISSN 0272-7714 . S2CID 246439532 .
- ^ Абдулла, Нур-Атира; Галим, Мадиха; Давуд, Махадиентрибар; Хазми, Изфа Риза; Хусин, Шахрил Мохд. (29 марта 2023 г.). «Анализ филогенетических и гаплотипов предлагает понимание сохранения популяций Pteroptyx Tener Olivier, 1907 (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) из Малайзии» . Журнал Общества энтомологических исследований . Doi : 10.51963/Jers.v25i1.2175 . ISSN 2651-3579 .