Линия водопада
Линия водопада [ 1 ] Была шотландская судоходная линия в конце 19 -го и начале 20 -го веков. Линия управляла кораблями двух компаний; Wright, Breakenridge & Co. (с 1878 до 1892 года) и Wright and Graham & Co. (с 1892). Корабли обе компании использовали один и тот же флаг. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Линия Falls, по -видимому, не управляла кораблями после 1914 года, хотя некоторые суда компании продолжали работать для других владельцев.
Офисы Falls Line были на 111 Union Street, Глазго, Шотландия.
Корабли линии водопада
[ редактировать ]Корабли линии Фолс были различны тем, что были названы в честь шотландских речных водопадов.
Парусные суда по линии Falls, которые изначально управлялись Wright, Breakenridge & Co.
- Падения Клайда , построенный в 1878 году. [ 4 ]
- Падения Бруара , построенный в 1879 году. [ 5 ]
- Фолс Ди , построенный в 1882 году, продан в 1901 году и переименован в Тей в 1910 году [ 6 ]
- Водопады Афтона , построенный в 1882 году. [ 7 ]
- Falls of Foyers, bult in 1883.[8]
- Falls of Earn, built in 1884.[9]
- Falls of Halladale, built in 1886.[10]
- Falls of Garry, built in 1886, sold as a wreck in 1898 and repaired, then resold in 1904.[11]
There was also another sailing vessel that was only ever operated by Wright, Graham & Co.
- Falls of Ettrick, built in 1894.[12]
All were similar four-masted, iron-hulled, sailing vessels, and all were built by Russell & Co. Most were full-rigged ships, but three of the vessels were rigged as barques; Falls of Halladale, Falls of Garry, and Falls of Ettrick.
These steamships—also named for Scottish river falls—operated under the Falls Line flag managed by Wright, Graham & Co..
- s.s. Falls of Bracklinn, built in 1894; the ship went missing after leaving Baltimore in 1897.[13]
- s.s. Falls of Keltie,[14] built in 1898, sold in 1905 and renamed Hoyle Bank, subsequently Navarachus Condouriotis (1914), Taisan Maru (1916), and Shinsan Maru (1917).
- s.s. Falls of Moness, built in 1902 originally chartered to the Indra Line[15] as s.s. Indradeo [16] came off charter in 1908 and was renamed Falls of Moness, sold in 1914 and renamed s.s Teakwood.[17]
- s.s. Falls of Orchy,[18] built in 1907, sold in 1914[19] and resold in 1915,[20] when it was renamed s.s. Canastota.
- s.s. Falls of Nith,[21] built in 1907, later sold and renamed s.s. Benito.
Fate of the ships
[edit]With only one exception, all the Falls Line ships—both sail and steam—were wrecked, lost without trace, or sank, either during or after the time that the ships were under the Falls Line's flag.
German or Austrian submarine attacks, during World War I, resulted in the sinking of five of the ships (three steamers and two sailing ships); UC-17 sank Falls of Afton; UB-57 sank Benito (ex-Falls of Nith); U-14 sank Teakwood (ex-Falls of Moness);[22] UB-47 sank Shinsan Maru (ex-Falls of Keltie); and UC-45 sank Teie (ex-Falls of Dee).
The Falls of Clyde, the oldest of the Falls Line ships, was and still is the sole survivor, although its future remained uncertain in 2023.
References
[edit]- ^ "Falls Line - Wright, Graham & Co. - Wright & Breakenridge". Wrecksite.eu. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
- ^ "House flag, Falls Line - National Maritime Museum". Collections.rmg.co.uk. Archived from the original on 27 February 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
- ^ "Collections - National Maritime Museum". Collections.rmg.co.uk. Archived from the original on 6 August 2017. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
- ^ "Falls of Clyde (19468)". Scottish Built Ships database. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
- ^ "Falls of Bruar (19469)". Scottish Built Ships database. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
- ^ "Falls of Dee (19789)". Scottish Built Ships database. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
- ^ "Falls of Afton (19469)". Scottish Built Ships database. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
- ^ "Falls of Foyers (19469)". Scottish Built Ships database. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
- ^ "Falls of Earn (19469)". Scottish Built Ships database. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
- ^ "Falls of Halladale (19832)". Scottish Built Ships database. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
- ^ "Falls of Garry (19831)". Scottish Built Ships database. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
- ^ "Falls of Ettrick (19668)". Scottish Built Ships database. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
- ^ "Falls of Bracklinn (19672)". Scottish Built Ships database. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
- ^ "Falls of Keltie (19745)". Scottish Built Ships database. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
- ^ Swiggum, Sue. "Thos. B. Royden & Co". Theshipslist.com. Archived from the original on 18 February 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
- ^ "SHIPPING ITEMS". Daily Commercial News and Shipping List (Sydney, NSW : 1891 - 1954). 8 July 1907. p. 4. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
- ^ "John I. Jacobs & Co, London". Mariners List. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
- ^ « Водопад орхии (16349)» . База данных Scottish Constrult Ships . Каледонская морская исследовательская траст . Получено 31 марта 2024 года .
- ^ «Падения новых владельцев Орхи» . Daily Commercial News и список доставки (Сидней, Новый Южный Уэльс: 1891 - 1954) . 18 августа 1914 г. с. 11 Получено 14 февраля 2018 года .
- ^ Свигг, Сью. «Новая Зеландия судоходная передача» . Theshipslist.com . Архивировано из оригинала 20 июня 2017 года . Получено 13 февраля 2018 года .
- ^ « Водопады Нита (16341)» . База данных Scottish Constrult Ships . Каледонская морская исследовательская траст . Получено 31 марта 2024 года .
- ^ «Реквизит вспомогательный - Тиквуд» . Historicalrfa.org . Архивировано из оригинала 18 февраля 2018 года . Получено 13 февраля 2018 года .
Внешние ссылки
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