Низгород Низгород Низгорода Нижни Нижни
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Нижегородский государственный университет имени Н. И. Лобачевского | |
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Другое имя | Унн, Университет Лобачевского |
|---|---|
| Тип | Публичный |
| Учредил | 1916 |
| Ректор | Oleg Trofimov ( acting ) [ 1 ] |
| Студенты | > 30 000 |
| > 1000 | |
| Расположение | , , Россия 56 ° 17′58 ″ с.ш. 43 ° 59′00 ″ E / 56,29944 ° N 43,98333 ° E |
| Талисман | [2] |
| Веб -сайт | http://www.unn.ru/eng
Детали здания |
 Philology and Finance Faculty on Bolshaya Pokrovskaya Street | |
 | |
| Университетские рейтинги | |
|---|---|
| Глобальный - в целом | |
| USNWR Global [ 2 ] | 1,455 (2023) |
| Региональный - в целом | |
| QS Emerging Europe и Central Asia [ 3 ] | 89 (2022) |
The National Research State University of Nizhny Novgorod named after N.I. Lobachevsky , UNN ( Russian : Нижегородский национа́льный иссле́довательский госуда́рственный университе́т имени Н.И. Лобачевского), also known as Lobachevsky University , is a public research university in Nizhny Novgorod , Russia , and one of the biggest classical universities of the country. The university is ranked 1,455th in the world in the U.S. News & World Report Best Global Universities 2022-2023. [ 2 ]
Университет был основан 17 января (31) 1916 года как Народный университет Нижни Новгород. С 1932 по 1990 год у него было название Государственного университета Горки. В 2009 году ему был предоставлен статус Национального исследовательского университета.
Университет состоит из 15 факультетов и учебных заведений, 5 исследовательских институтов и 4 региональных филиалов. [ 4 ] По состоянию на 2023 год в университете насчитывалось около 30 000 студентов (включая иностранных студентов), более 1000 аспирантов и докторантов, 1200 доцентов и доцентов и 400 профессоров. [ 5 ]
История
[ редактировать ]Университет был первоначально открыт 17 (31) января 1916 года как один из трех человек в России, принадлежащих к системе «свободных» университетов. Это было первое высшее образование для Нижни Новгород.
В 1918 году Император Николас II Политехнический институт Варшавы был эвакуирован в Нижнский Новгород. После слияния Народного университета с этим институтом и с более высокими сельскохозяйственными курсами он стал первым институтом в Советской России, получившим статус государственного университета. [ Цитация необходима ]
В 1921 году число способностей значительно уменьшилось. 4 мая 1921 года советское правительство приняло резолюцию, которая отменила все факультеты истории и филологии. Вместо них были организованы социальные науки. Эта резолюция также повлияла на Университет Нижни Новгород. В 1922 году число преподавателей сократилось с 239 до 156.
14 апреля 1930 года советское правительство решило распустить ряд высших учебных заведений, в том числе Государственный университет Нижни Новгород. Несколько факультетов университета были преобразованы в 6 институтов:
- Институт машиностроения (позже, в 1934 году, он стал частью промышленного института Горки)
- Chemical Technology Institute (later, in 1934, it became part of the Gorky Industrial Institute)
- Pedagogical Faculty (it was transformed into the Pedagogical Institute in 1930)
- Faculty of Agronomy (it was transformed into the Agricultural Institute in 1930)
- Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering (it was transformed into the Civil Engineering Institute in 1930)
- Faculty of Medicine (it was transformed into the Medical Institute in 1930).
However, a year later, on 11 November 1931 the university was re-established with three faculties: Physics & Mathematics, Biology and Chemistry. It occupied the building of the former theological seminary in the Minin and Pozharsky Square. By 1932, the following divisions were functioning at the university: Physics, Mechanics, Zoology, Botany, Chemistry and Mathematics.
In 1938, entrance exams were instituted and, for the first time, Gorky State University held its first competitive admission of first-year students. On 20 March 1956, Gorky State University was named after N.I. Lobachevsky by the decree of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet. In November 1990, following the return of the city's original name (from 1932 to 1990 it was known as the city of Gorky), the university was renamed into Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod.
Apart from its educational role, Lobachevsky University is also actively engaged in research and development in many areas of national importance. In 1932, the Physics and Technology Research Institute was incorporated into the university. It is still part of UNN and cooperates closely with Roscosmos and other public and private organisations. In 1944, the Research Institute of Chemistry was established, which contributed to the development of the national chemical and defence industry. In 1956, the Radiophysics Research Institute was established at the university. In 1969, it was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour for its achievements in radiophysics, radio engineering and astronomy.[6] In 1974, the Research Institute of Mechanics was opened.[7] In 2012, the Living Systems Research Institute was launched, and in 2016 it was transformed into the Research Institute of Neuroscience. This unit focuses on the study of brain activity.[8]
In 2014, the University launched its supercomputer named Lobachevsky. The peak performance of Lobachevsky is 570 Tflops: this makes it the fourth most powerful supercomputer in Russian universities and brings it to the list of the most powerful supercomputers in the world.[9]
As a participant in the Federal Target Programme for the Development of the Medical and Pharmaceutical Industry, the University established the Center for Innovation Development of Medical Instrumentation in 2017.
Strongin Roman (Стронгин Роман Григорьевич), the rector of the N. I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod has signed a letter of support for the Russian invasion of Ukraine. [10][11]
Rankings
[edit]According to QS World University Rankings 2023, Lobachevsky University is in the top 1200 of the world's best universities, as well as in the top 550 in Mathematics[12] and Physics.[13] Lobachevsky University is among the top 1,500 universities in the world according to Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2023[14] and is also listed in THE subject rankings in physics,[15] Engineering,[16] life sciences[17] and computer science.[18] UNN is ranked among the top 1000 universities in the world by THE Impact Rankings 2022,[19] which tracks the progress of universities on 17 UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).[20] The university is ranked 1,455th in the world (18th for Russia) in the U.S. News & World Report Best Global Universities 2022-2023, and also ranks 583rd in this ranking for physics. UNN ranks 645th among the world universities in the international Round University Ranking 2023. In the national rankings, in 2022 Lobachevsky University ranked 25-26th in Russia according to Interfax, 35nd according to RAEX Top-100 (Expert RA) and 19th-21nd according to the Three Missions University Ranking (within the 501-550 range in the world). Also, in the SuperJob 2023 ranking of the best Russian universities in terms of graduate salaries, UNN was ranked 9th in IT,[21] 8th in Economics and Finance,[22] and 8th in Law.[23]
Research and achievements
[edit]2016
[edit]In October 2016, university representatives reported the development of unique ceramic materials for spacecraft which are capable of withstanding high temperatures and radiation, thus enabling interplanetary travel.[24]
Lobachevsky University scientists are also implementing the "Cyberheart" and "Cybertrainer" projects. The "Cyberheart" project focuses on the development of an intelligent software system for the acquisition, storage and analysis of cardiac data. The system includes a software package that enables large-scale calculations that accurately reproduce the dynamic processes of the heart. At the same time, the system is capable of obtaining reliable real-time data on human cardiac activity, as well as simulating various effects (electrical, mechanical, optical, etc.) and testing the effectiveness of medicines. The system is capable of detecting cardiac diseases using the existing database. The "Cyberheart" has a graphical support system for cardiology data analysis, a system that automatically generates procedures for possible treatment of specific patients, and an ECG system that sends the results over a wireless network.[citation needed]
The "Cybertrainer" EOS (Electromyographic Optical System) is designed to monitor, visualize and adjust the activity of a person's muscles. The system consists of a suit with embedded myo-sensors. During exercise, the sensor system captures information about the load of particular muscles and projects the image onto augmented reality glasses. A tactile stimulation system for individual muscles can adjust the movements in accordance with the pre-recorded standard. When using the "Cybertrainer" suit, the athlete spends less time to achieve the goal, and the likelihood of eventual injury is reduced. Besides, the "Cybertariner" system can monitor the processes of recovery of injured muscles and prevent new injuries. The software helps to adjust the maximum permissible level of strain for each muscle. When this level is reached, a system of vibration sensors gives a signal to the user about excessive strain.[citation needed]
2018
[edit]Chemists at Lobachevsky University have developed a new substance for bone implants. The work started in 2018 in collaboration with scientists from Nanyang Technological University (Singapore) and was completed in 2021. The new substance for bone implants is fluorapatite Ca₅(PO₄)₃F in which calcium atoms are partially replaced with bismuth and sodium atoms. The element bismuth in the compound provides an antibacterial effect and helps to fight infections that threaten the patient's body in the post-operative period. Sodium is responsible for the biocompatibility of the substance and helps it to integrate more actively into the bone. The composition is based on a substance consisting of calcium, phosphorus, oxygen and fluorine and is a mineral that replicates the structure and composition of human bone tissue.[citation needed]
2020
[edit]The team of Lobachevsky University for the first time won the finals of the International Collegiate Programming Championship (ICPC). The University team became the champion among 119 teams from all over the world and won the cup and the gold medal of the international IT competition, where young programmers of the world compete every year. A total of around 59,000 students from 3,406 universities in 104 countries took part in the championship. The ICPC finals were held in Russia.[citation needed]
2022
[edit]A joint team of UNN chemists and biophysicists develops dual-action antitumour drugs that combine the most effective approaches to cancer therapy: photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy.[25]
Scientists at Lobachevsky University have completed testing a new method of electro-optical detection of terahertz radiation pulses, which allows seeing through opaque materials and can be used for non-destructive testing of materials and for scanning luggage at airports.[26]
Researchers from the UNN Institute of Chemistry, together with colleagues from the Mendeleev Russian University of Chemistry and Technology and the Tula-TECH Research and Education Center, developed a system for automated synthesis of metal nanoparticles.[citation needed]
Structure
[edit]Faculties and educational institutes
[edit]| · Institute of Biology and Biomedicine
· Institute of Clinical Medicine · Faculty of Chemistry · Institute of International Relations and World History · Faculty of Radiophysics · Faculty of Physics · Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics · Institute of Economics and Entrepreneurship |
· Institute of Philology and Journalism
· Advanced School of General and Applied Physics · Faculty of Law · Faculty of Social Sciences · Faculty of Physical Education and Sports · Institute of Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies · Higher School of Arts and Design · |
Research institutes
[edit]- Physics and Technology Research Institute
- Research Institute of Chemistry
- Research Institute of Radiophysics
- Research Institute of Mechanics
- Research Institute of Neuroscience
Other units
[edit]| · Minor Academy of Public Administration
· Fundamental Library · Science Park “Lobachevsky Lab” · Research and Education Center “Physics of Solid-State Nanostructures” · Psychological Clinic · Military Training Center · Center for Educational Programs for Foreign Nationals · Faculty for Professional Development and Retraining · · |
· University branch in Arzamas
· University branch in Balakhna · University branch in Dzerzhinsk · University branch in Pavlovo |
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ "ОЛЕГ ТРОФИМОВ НАЗНАЧЕН И.О. РЕКТОРА ННГУ ИМ. ЛОБАЧЕВСКОГО". vz-nn.ru (in Russian). 2023-03-02.
- ^ Jump up to: a b [1]
- ^ "QS World University Rankings-Emerging Europe & Central Asia". Retrieved 15 January 2023.
- ^ "Факультеты и институты - Университет Лобачевского". www.unn.ru. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
- ^ "Факты и цифры - Университет Лобачевского". www.unn.ru. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
- ^ "История | Научно-исследовательский радиофизический институт" (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-01-31.
- ^ "Научно-исследовательский институт механики". www.mech.unn.ru. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
- ^ "НИИ Нейронаук". www.ion.unn.ru. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
- ^ "Top50 | Суперкомпьютеры". top50.supercomputers.ru. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
- ^ "Обращение Российского Союза ректоров 04.03.2022". Российский Союз Ректоров. March 4, 2022. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022.
- ^ "среди лиц, уже под санкциями: СТРОНГИН Роман Григорьевич". Война и санкции. 2022-03-08. Retrieved 2024-02-05.
- ^ "QS World University Rankings for Mathematics 2022". Top Universities. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
- ^ "QS World University Rankings for Physics & Astronomy 2022". Top Universities. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
- ^ "World University Rankings". Times Higher Education (THE). 2022-10-04. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
- ^ "World University Rankings 2023 by subject: physical sciences". Times Higher Education (THE). 2022-10-06. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
- ^ "World University Rankings 2023 by subject: engineering". Times Higher Education (THE). 2022-10-06. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
- ^ "World University Rankings 2023 by subject: life sciences". Times Higher Education (THE). 2022-10-06. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
- ^ "World University Rankings 2023 by subject: computer science". Times Higher Education (THE). 2022-10-06. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
- ^ "Impact Ranking". Times Higher Education (THE). 2022-04-03. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
- ^ "THE 17 GOALS | Sustainable Development". sdgs.un.org. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
- ^ "Рейтинг вузов России по уровню зарплат выпускников, работающих в IT". Superjob.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-01-31.
- ^ "Рейтинг вузов России по уровню зарплат выпускников, работающих в сфере «экономика»". Superjob.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-01-31.
- ^ "Рейтинг вузов России по уровню зарплат выпускников, работающих в сфере «юриспруденция»". Superjob.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2023-01-31.
- ^ "Нижегородские ученые создали керамику, которая защитит космические корабли от радиации - ТАСС" . TACC . Retrieved 2023-01-31 .
- ^ "Учёные ННГУ создают противоопухолевые препараты двойного действия - Университет Лобачевского" . www.unn.ru (in Russian) . Retrieved 2023-01-31 .
- ^ "В России разработали детектор терагерцового излучения, безопасный для человека" . ТАСС . Retrieved 2023-01-31 .
