13 -й полк Вильния Улан
| 13 -й полк Вильния Улан | |
|---|---|
 13 -й полк Вильния Улан | |
| Страна | Польша |
| Ветвь | Польская армия |
| Тип | Кавалерия |
| Размер | Полк |
| Занятия | Польская - Советская война Вторая мировая война Рейд на Джоделе и Киле |
The 13th Wilno Uhlan Regiment (Polish: 13 Pułk Ułanów Wileńskich) was a unit of the Polish army during the interwar period[ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] и Польская оборонительная война 1939 года .
Происхождение
[ редактировать ]Передные единицы в полку были созданы главным образом как средство защиты польского интереса и интереса этнических поляков, живущих в Креси в конце Первой мировой войны . Русские, поляки, украинцы, литовцы, белоруссцы и даже анархисты конкурировали за суверенитет над этим районом.
Формация
[ редактировать ]13-й полк был сформирован из кавалерийских подразделений литовской и белорусской самообороны 27 декабря 1918 года в поместье мистера Пошпиззека. 28 декабря полк был перенесен в гарнизон в Вильниусе и был размещен в казармах в районе Антокол . Владислав ДąБроуски , ном-де-Герре ' DąB ', Lit. «Дуб» был первым командиром полка. Полк был первым в недавно независимой Польше и первоначально назывался 1 -й полк Вильно Уланса . Он официально стал частью польских вооруженных сил в июне 1919 года, получив свое название и номер.
The regiment was nationally famous because its commander, Major Władysław Dąbrowski, was a Zagończyk. In the official Polish Army documents, the phrase "Wilenskich" ("of Vilnius") was omitted; the official name was the 13th Regiment. In spite of this, the officers, soldiers and public persisted in calling it the "13th Wilno Regiment".
Lipka Tatar Tradition
[edit]Since the joining, the regiment had been following dual tradition of the afore-mentioned Lithuanian and Belarusian Self-Defence and of the 7th Lithuanian Tatar Regiment, which used to be stationed in Janów, the same place where over century later, the 13th Regiment fought its very first battle.[4]
Polish-Soviet War
[edit]The 13th Regiment participated in the Polish–Soviet War of 1919–1920 and became known for many flanking manoeuvres and raids behind Soviet lines. It protected the retreat of General Żeligowski's troops.[when?][2] On 25 February 1920, while it was stationed in Vilnius, the regiment mutinied, because it refused to fight against Lithuanians.[5]
On June 29, 1919, in Vilnius, General Edward Rydz-Śmigły handed over the regiment's new banner to a small delegation from a combat area. After a failed attempt at seizing territory in the Ukraine beyond Kiev, many soldiers from the disbanded Tatar Uhlan Regiment, (named after Colonel Mustafa Achmatowicz, a renowned eighteenth-century Lithuanian Tatar cavalryman), joined the "Wilno Regiment".
Interwar period
[edit]In late 1921, the regiment patrolled the Polish border with Lithuania and was stationed for a brief period in Głębokie, at present Hlybokaye in Belarus. The regiment was moved to Nowa Wilejka near Vilnius in 1922, where it stayed until the Invasion of Poland in 1939.
In 1936, a Tatar unit was created within the 13th Regiment of Wilno Uhlans.[3] By the order of the Polish Minister of Defence, issued on June 9, a troop within the regiment was renamed the 1st Tatar Squadron, to which all new recruits of Tatar ethnicity were directed. Captain Michał Bohdanowicz was the original commander. The unit was led for a short time by Captain Bazyli Marcisz and podpułkownik Jan Tarnowski. Captain Aleksander Jeljaszewicz became its last commander from November 25, 1938. During the Regiment's Holiday on July 25, 1937, the squadron (or mounted infantry battalion) received a buńczuk made according to the old Tatar traditions and funded by the entire Tatar community of Poland. During the symbolic ceremony of the burial of the heart of Marshal Józef Piłsudski in the Rasos cemetery in Vilnius, a detail[clarification needed] from the 1st Tatar Squadron fired a three-volley salute.
Banners and markings
[edit]The regiment's lances initially bore pennons, but after 1936 these were only issued by personal request, when all cavalry units were transformed into mounted infantry units and were in the process of becoming fully mechanized divisions. However, progress was slow, only two fully mechanized units fought in the Invasion of Poland in 1939 besides armoured units, heavy artillery units, AA artillery units, Polish Air Force's ground units, and most of the tabors. Uniforms were adorned with miniature banners, pink in colour, with a slim cornflower-coloured stripe in the middle. Each trooper's rogatywka (hat) was adorned with a pink stripe running around the crown. The 1st Tatar Squadron also wore on the small banners, a golden Crescent Moon and star. The regiment's holiday was July 25 (in memory of the Battle of Janow in 1920).
The Uhlans in command
[edit]- Major Władysław Dąbrowski (ur. 1891) (1918–1920)
- Colonel Eugeniusz Ślaski (1920)
- Colonel Mścisław Butkiewicz (1920–1922)
- Honorary Colonel Terencjusz O'Brien (1922)
- Colonel Tomasz Brzozowski (1922–1925)
- Colonel Aleksander Kunicki (1925–1927)
- Colonel (finished senior officers' school) Adam Korytowski (XI 1927 – III 1930)
- Lieutenant Colonel (finished senior officers' school) Czesław Chmielewski (1930–1937)
- Colonel Kazimierz Żelisławski (1937–1939)
- Lieutenant Colonel Józef Szostak (finished senior officers' school) (1939)
A selection of Uhlan Officers
[edit]- Lieutenant Ignacy Cieplak
- Lieutenant Jerzy Cydzik
Invasion of Poland
[edit]In 1939, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Józef Szostak, the 13th Regiment of Wilno Uhlans fought as a part of the Wileńska Cavalry Brigade under the command of Colonel Konstanty Drucki-Lubecki. Between September 2 and 5, the brigade took part in heavy fighting near Piotrków Trybunalski. On September 9 and 10, the brigade lost many men and much equipment while retreating across the Vistula river near Maciejowice. The brigade fought in Lubelszczyzna near the city of Lublin, before being crushed near Tomaszow Lubelski.
The largest remnant of the regiment became part of the Independent Operational Group Polesie under the command of Major General Franciszek Kleeberg.
Home Army
[edit]Subdivisions of the 13th Regiment of Wilno Uhlans AK were recreated in 1944 in the Wilno District of the Home Army as a mounted infantry division in the Rūdninkai Forest, a mounted infantry battalion attached to the Home Army 3rd Wilno Brigade, a mounted infantry platoon attached to the Home Army 4th Wilno Brigade and a mounted infantry platoon operating within Kampinos Forest.
See also
[edit]Other non-Christian Polish Cavalry units
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Lederer & Takacs 1990, p. 124.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Davies 2003, p. 148.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Nalborczyk 2016, p. 47.
- ^ Norris 2009.
- ^ Pacevičius 2014, p. 82.
Sources
[edit]Пейсвичюс, Пол (2014). "Литовские вооруженные силы сдерживания независимости боевых действий и записи государственности 1918-1923 гг. Военный архив (в литовском). Xxix . Вильний : генерал Джонас Жемейс, военная академия Литвы. ISSN 1392-6489 .
Ледерер, Гирги; Takacs, Ibolya (1990). «Среди мусульман Польши» . Опрос Центральной Азии . 9 (2). Routledge : 119–131. doi : 10.1080/02634939008400704 . ISSN 0263-4937 .
Дэвис, Норман (2003). Белый орел, Красная Звезда: Польская Советская война 1919-20 . Пимлико . ISBN 978-0712606943 .
Норрис, Гарри (2009). Ислам в Балтике: ранняя мусульманская община Европы . Таурис академические исследования . ISBN 978-1845115876 .
Nalborczyk, Agata S. (2016). "Поллаланд". В Сванберге, Invaror; Вестерлюд, Дэвид (ред.). Балтийское сиденье Брилль ISBN 978-90-04-30880-0 .
