Остров Эльчо

Остров Эльчо Входные данные Северная территория
Спутниковое изображение NASA GeoCover 2000
Остров Эльчо
Викимедия | © OpenStreetMap
Coordinates	11.92°S 135.80°E / -11.92; 135.80
LGA(s)	Unincorporated area
Territory electorate(s)	Mulka
Federal division(s)	Lingiari

Остров Эльчо , известный своим традиционным владельцам как Galiwin'ku ( Galiwinku ) - остров у побережья земли Арнем , на северной территории Австралии. Он расположен в южной части группы Вессель -островов, расположенной в восточном регионе Арнем. Galiwin'ku также является названием поселения, где живет крупнейшее сообщество острова. , остров Эльчо составлял часть традиционных земель Ян-Нхаху По словам Нормана Тиндейла . По словам JC Jennison, жителями аборигенов были Dhuwal , который назвал себя Kokalango Mala ( Mala = Clan.)

История

Первоначально урегулирование было установлено в качестве методистской миссии в 1942 году с прибытием Гарольда Шепардсона, мирянного сотрудника методистской зарубежной миссии из Милингимби . Он оставался под церковным направлением до 1974 года, когда он стал самостоятельным управлением.

Geography and demographics

Elcho Island is approximately 60 kilometres (37 mi) long and 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) across at its widest point. It is bounded on the western side by the Arafura Sea and on the east by the Cadell Strait. Elcho Island is a short distance away from the mainland and Howard Island.

Galiwin'ku, located near the island's southern tip, is the main community on the island. It is the largest and most remote Aboriginal community in northeast Arnhem Land, the second largest Aboriginal community (in terms of concentrated population) in the Northern Territory, and ranks eleventh in population of the 69 local government bodies in the Territory. There are 60 mala or hereditary tribal groups, with up to 22 different dialects being used in the community. The lingua franca is now Djambarrpuyngu. The people of Galiwin'ku, approximately 2,000 residents, retain their traditions and culture. These are passed to future generations by adherence to strict traditional methods and education, including a means to help them embrace the wider Australian community.

There are also many outstations, including Inglis Island on the namesake island and Matamata, Maparru, and Gariyak on the mainland. The island has a base population of 2,200 people, including 70 non-Aboriginal people. It was the home of the late Aboriginal folk musician Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu. The population of Galiwin'ku varies during the seasons, with many outstation residents migrating to the community during the wet season due to inaccessibility. The community also serves approximately 25 outstations with a total population of approx. 450 people, with 12 of the outstations on Elcho Island, which are listed from north to south:

1. Nanyingburra
2. Gawa (Gäwa)
3. Ban'thula (Gampura)
4. Djurranalpi (Djanalpi)
5. Dharawa
6. Gitan
7. Gulmarri
8. Watdagawuy
9. Dhayirri
10. Dyawili (First Creek)
11. Dadupu
12. Galawarra

Eighteen connected clan groups within the Elcho Island locale have close cultural ties with mainland Arnhem Land clans and language groups. The most commonly spoken languages are Djambarrpuyngu and Gupapuyngu (both Yolngu Matha languages). However, there are at least 12 more languages in use in the region.

Facilities

Galiwin'ku is a traditional Aboriginal community with restricted access; permission to visit is required by law and can be made through the Northern Land Council directly or via the Galiwin'ku Council. Total alcohol restrictions apply and there is no petrol available on the island; all petroleum-powered vehicles use the low-aromatic petrol "Opal" as a fuel substitute.

The island is served by Elcho Island Airport.

Geology

A "subsurface radial dyke swarm" of dolerite known as Galiwinku Dolerite (named after the township) occurs on the Gove Peninsula and continues under the Arafura Sea and on the Wessel Islands, including Galiwinku and Milingimbi Islands. The layer of dolerite lies under the Mamadawerre Sandstone.

Population

According to the 2016 census of Population, there were 2,206 people in Elcho Island (counted as Galiwinku (State Suburb) in the Census Report).

• Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 94.0% of the population.
• 97.7% of people were born in Australia.
• 78.1% of people spoke Djambarrpuyngu at home. 4.9% of people only spoke English at home.
• The most common response for religion was Uniting Church at 86.8%.
• 42.2% of the population is under 20 years of age, with 14% over 50.

Services

The local government for Elcho Island is the East Arnhem Regional Council (EARC), formed in 2008, which services a total of nine remote communities of Arnhem Land. The Council delivers a range of services across community services and commercial services and, in doing so, they aim to support the ongoing sustainability of their communities as well as to suppoty quality of life, employment and the provision of basic services. These services include:

• Aged and disability service
• Animal management
• Cemetery management
• Children and family services
• Citizenship ceremonies
• Commercial services
• Community patrol
• Environmental and waste services
• Library: Galiwin'ku Community Library provides books, magazines and resources for the use of community members; also provided is free internet, activities for children and local history information. Library services are provided to the community via Library & Archives NT and they are operated by local Indigenous Community Library Officers. In 2017 Galiwin'ku Library staff participated in Yolŋu Rom Napurrn Dhukarr: the Living Room Project, the development of a pilot classification system based on Yolngu knowledge, and replacing the Dewey Decimal System.
• Local emergency management
• Traffic management and local roads
• Youth, sport and recreation

Education

Shepherdson College is a bilingual school, teaching around 700 students ranging from birth to year 12 in Djambarrpuyŋu and English. Like nine other schools in the NT (including Yirkala School), it aims to teach "Both-ways": Yolŋu and Balanda (white person's way). It is named after the missionary Ella Shepherdson, who from 1943 taught students under a tree. Her husband, Rev. Harold Shepherdson, known as "Bäpa Sheppy" built the first school building with the help of Yolngu people, including one of Ella's first students. As a "Centre of Cultural Excellence", it teaches dance, visual arts, music and crafts. Artist and senior land custodian of Yalangbara, Mawalan 2 Marika, has been working at the school.

Elcho Island Dancers

In 2007 a group of local Elcho Island dancers, the Djuki Mala dancers, choreographed and performed a dance routine to Zorba the Greek. The performance was recorded and uploaded to YouTube on 2 November of that year; in six weeks the video received more than 360,000 views, averaging 8,000 a day. Due to this success the group toured parts of Queensland and performed in the Art Gallery of New South Wales in Sydney in June 2008. They also appeared as the opening act at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival Gala 2009.

Elcho Island Arts

Elcho Island Arts supports Yolŋu artists in sharing their culture and allows them to derive an income from selling their artworks. It provides assistance in production and professional development for both emerging and established artists from Galiwin'ku and the surrounding Marthakal homelands, and helps to promote and distribute Yolngu art. The centre has been community-operated since 1992, and includes well-known artists such as fibre artist Mavis Warrngilna Ganambarr, painter Peter Datjin Bararrwanga, carver and weaver Judy Manany and senior custodian of the Banumbirr Morning Star Pole, Gali Yalkarriwuy Gurruwiwi, among others.

В 2018 году искусство Эльчо -Айленда было перезаботено под руководством старших художников Ганамбарра, Манани, Бурарранги и Гуррувиви.

Открытие древней монеты

В 2018 году была обнаружена монета, которая, как считается, была из средневекового султаната Килва на восточном побережье Африки, была найдена на пляже на острове Эльчо археологом и членом прошлых мастеров Майка Хермеса. Аналогичные монеты были найдены на острове Марчинбар , также в группе на островах Вессел.

Культурные ссылки

Остров Эльчо был вдохновением для песни " My Island Home ", первоначально написанной Нилом Мюрреем для группы Warumpi . Позже эта песня была рассмотрена Кристиной Ану , и она исполнила свое исполнение на церемонии закрытия Олимпийских игр Сиднея .

Мемориальная церемония для Джорджа Беррарраванга , одного из основателей группы Warumpi, была исполнена на острове в июне 2007 года.

Примечательные люди

• Байкали Ганамбарр , актер
• Сайрус Виллануэва , певец
• Джордж Ррруррумбу Бураррурванга , музыкант
• Джеффри Гуррумул Юнупинг , музыкант
• Лейла Гуррувиви , телевизионный докладчик

Смотрите также

• Австралийское искусство аборигенов
• Аэропорт острова Эльчо
• Деяния, остров Эльчо

Источники

• «Изображенная история острова Эльчо» . Прошлый мастер International. Архивировано с оригинала 12 сентября 2017 года . Получено 11 сентября 2017 года .
• Бауэр, Анастасия (2014). Использование места подписания на общем языке жестов Австралии . Уолтер де Грютер . ISBN  978-1-614-51547-0 .
• «Отец аборигенового рока вспомнил на традиционной церемонии» . Австралийская вещательная корпорация . 11 июня 2007 года.
• "Галивинку" . Австралийское бюро статистики . 27 июня 2017 года.
• Дженнисон, JC (1927). «Заметки на языке аборигенов острова Эльчо» . Сделки Королевского общества Южной Австралии . 51 : 177–192.
• Карп, Данута (февраль 1987 г.). Отчет о завершении с надписью Elcho Island Outstations (PDF) . Отдел водных ресурсов NT, Департамент шахт и энергии .
• Страттон, Джон (2013). «Чей дом; какой остров?: Перемещение и личность в« моем доме на острове » » . Идеальный удар . 14 (1). Equinox Publishing: 33–53. doi : 10.1558/prbt.v14i1.33 . S2CID   163191067 .
• Тамисари, Франка (апрель 2010 г.). «Танцы для отставщиков: Zorba Греческий стиль Йолнгу: jiullarata от Chooky Dancers острова Эльчо» La Ricerca Folklica (61). Grafo Spa: 61–7 JSTOR   41548468

Внешние ссылки

• "Искусство Элчо -Айленда" . Эльчо острова Искусство .
• «Shepherdson CEC, Школы и учителя родины» . Институт культурного выживания включен .
• Остров Эльчо