Brachynotus sexdentatus
| Brachynotus sexdentatus | |
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| Разновидность: | B. Sexdentatus
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| Биномиальное название | |
| Brachynotus sexdentatus | |
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Brachynotus sexdentatus - это вид краба в семействе Varunidae . Он родом из Средиземного моря и Черного моря , и какое -то время стало известно в доках Суонси ( Великобритания ). Он растет до максимальной ширины панциря 18 мм (0,71 дюйма) и живет в мелководье на грязных дне.
Описание
[ редактировать ]Brachynotus sexdentatus - это небольшой краб, достигающий максимальной ширины панциря 18 миллиметров (0,71 дюйма), но обычно менее 10 мм (0,39 дюйма). [ 3 ] Передняя часть панциря имеет две доли и три боковых зуба с каждой стороны, каждая из которых заканчивается в острой точке. [ 4 ] Все животное оливковое зеленое , с крапингом в черном, ноги слегка бледнее или серые. [ 3 ] Когти имеют одинаковую сторону по обе стороны от тела, но у мужчин гораздо больше, чем у женщин. [ 3 ]
Экология и жизненный цикл
[ редактировать ]Brachynotus sexdentatus живет на мелководье на грязных дне, на глубине до 90 метров (300 футов). [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The eggs of B. sexdentatus are 0.25–0.30 mm (0.010–0.012 in) in diameter, and dark brown in colour. They are produced between February and October.[5] After hatching, the larvae of B. sexdentatus pass through five zoeal stages (instars that use appendages of the thorax for movement). This process takes at least 12 days at a temperature of 23 °C (73 °F), during which time the larvae grow from around 1.35 millimetres (0.053 in) from the tip of the rostrum to the tip of the dorsal spine, to 3.35 mm (0.132 in) long (1.17 mm or 0.046 in carapace length). After a further five days, the larva moults into the megalopa phase (instar that uses the appendages of the abdomen for movement), and after five more days, moults into the first crab-like phase, at a carapace length of around 1.55 mm (0.061 in).[6]
Distribution
[edit]Brachynotus sexdentatus is native to the Mediterranean Sea, from Spain to Israel, and the Black Sea coasts of Romania and Turkey.[7] It is also found in the Suez Canal, having entered the canal's northern end before 1927,[5] and was discovered in 1957 in the Queen's Dock, Swansea, presumably having been transported by shipping from the Mediterranean Sea.[8][9] This site was artificially warmed by the adjacent Tir John coal-fired power station, which used sea-water as its coolant, drawing it in from the King's Dock, and expelling it into the Queen's Dock.[8][9] In 1976, the power station closed,[10] ending the transport of waste heat into the Queen's Dock, and the population of B. sexdentatus died out soon after.[11]
Taxonomy
[edit]Brachynotus sexdentatus was first described by Antoine Risso in 1827, as a species in the genus Goneplax.[2] Wilhem de Haan described the new genus Brachynotus in 1833, and B. sexdentatus was eventually designated its type species. Brachynotus gemmellari has in the past been treated as a subspecies of B. sexdentatus, and the population from Swansea Docks was originally identified as "B. sexdentatus gemmellari".[8][9] It is now treated as a full species, although the Swansea population may represent B. sexdentatus (sensu stricto).[5] Although later opinions place the Swansea specimens in B. gemmellari rather than B. sexdentatus, they also showed that the two species are indistinguishable from DNA sequences at the 16S ribosomal DNA locus, and may either be very recently separated or may be experiencing high levels of gene flow.[12]
References
[edit]- ^ A. Risso (1827). Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale et principalement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes Maritimes. Vol. 5. Paris: F.-G. Levrault.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Michael Türkay (2012). "Brachynotus sexdentatus (Risso, 1827)". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved December 6, 2012.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d P. J. Hayward; M. J. Isaac; P. Makings; J. Moyse; E. Naylor; G. Smaldon (1995). "Crustaceans (Phylum Crustacea)". In P. J. Hayward, J. S. Ryland (ed.). Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford University Press. pp. 289–461. ISBN 978-0-19-854055-7.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Giovanni Nikiforos (2000). Fauna del Mediterraneo. Giunti Editore. p. 156. ISBN 978-88-09-02608-7.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c Carlo Froglia; Raymond B. Manning (1978). "Brachynotus gemmellari (Rizza, 1839), the third Mediterranean species of the genus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura)" (PDF). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 91 (3): 691705.
- ^ José A. Cuesta; Christoph D. Schubart; Antonio Rodríguez (2000). "Larval development of Brachynotus sexdentatus (Risso, 1827) (Decapoda, Brachyura) reared under laboratory conditions, with notes on larval characters of the Varunidae" (PDF). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development. 38 (3): 207–223. doi:10.1080/07924259.2000.9652456. S2CID 84894142.
- ^ A. Suat Ateş (1999). "Liocarcinus depurator (Linnaeus, 1758) and Brachynotus sexdentatus (Risso, 1827) (Decapoda, Brachyura), two new records for the Turkish Black Sea fauna" (PDF). Turkish Journal of Zoology. 23: 115–118. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-16. Retrieved 2012-12-06.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c E. Naylor (1957). "Introduction of a grapsoid crab, Brachynotus sexdentatus (Risso), into British waters". Nature. 180 (4586): 616–617. Bibcode:1957Natur.180..616N. doi:10.1038/180616a0. S2CID 4146373.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c E. Naylor (1957). "Brachynotus sexdentatus (Risso), a grapsoid crab new to Britain". Journal of Natural History. series 12. 10 (115): 521–523. doi:10.1080/00222935708655993.
- ^ "Pioneering power plant". South Wales Evening Post. February 25, 2012. Retrieved December 6, 2012.
- ^ R. W. Ingle (1997). "True crabs (Brachyura)". Crayfishes, Lobsters, and Crabs of Europe: an Illustrated Guide to Common and Traded Species. Springer. pp. 115–176. ISBN 978-0-412-71060-5.
- ^ Рождество Д. Шубарт; Хосе А. Клист; Антонио Родригес (2001). Varundae на основе гена 16S рРНК " Гидробиология 449 (1–3): 41–4 doi : 10.1023/a: 10 22915472S2CID
Внешние ссылки
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