✖


Jump to content

Arago Hotspot

Координаты : 23 ° 26 'с 150 ° 44′W / 23,44 ° S 150,73 ° W / -23,44; -150.73 [ 1 ]
Это хорошая статья. Нажмите здесь для получения дополнительной информации.
(Перенаправлен из горячей точки Rurutu )

Карта горячих точек на Земле. Араго № 59
Горячая точка Арго является компонентом шоссе горячей точки в южной части Тихого океана [ 1 ]

Горячая точка Arago (также известная как горячая точка Rurutu , Young Rurutu Hotspot или Atiu Hotspot ) является горячей точкой в ​​Тихом океане , в настоящее время расположенной под швами Араго недалеко от острова Руруту , Французская Полинезия .

Араго является частью семейства горячих точек в южной части Тихого океана, которая включает в себя горячую точку общества и горячую точку Макдональда . Это структуры под корой Земли , которые генерируют вулканы и частично образуются мантийными шлейфами , хотя сам Араго может иметь более мелкое происхождение. Когда тихоокеанская пластина перемещается по горячим точкам, образуются новые вулканы и увлекаются старыми вулканами; Иногда старый вулкан переносится над горячей точкой и затем поднимается, как это произошло с Rurutu.

Горячая точка Arago отвечает за формирование She Seave Arago и подъема на Rurutu; Однако реконструкции прошлых позиций тектонических пластин и геохимии предполагают, что другие острова и подготовки были построены горячей точкой Араго в течение последних 120 миллионов лет. Они потенциально включают в себя пробуждение, цепь Ратака на островах Маршалл , многочисленные подводные шва к северо -западу от Маршалл -островов, Тувалу , острова Гилберт , а также часть австралийских островов и островов Кука .

Имя

[ редактировать ]

Горячая точка названа в честь Араго Смоя в 130 километрах (81 миль) к юго -востоку от Руруту . Seamount названа в честь французского флота -корабля Arago , который обнаружил Seamout в 1993 году. [ 2 ] Сам корабль назван в честь астронома Франсуа Араго . [ 3 ] Полинезийцы знали о существовании мелководья (27 метров (89 футов) под морем), и назвали его Tinomana. [ 2 ] Before the link to Arago seamount was discovered, the hotspot was also known as "Rurutu hotspot",[4][5] a name sometimes still used,[6] which is a name also used for an older volcanic chain that starts at Raivavae[7] or President Thiers Bank.[8] Other names are "Young Rurutu"[6] and "Atiu trend";[5][9] "Old Rurutu" refers to the Macdonald hotspot.[10]

Geography and geology

[edit]
Карта
Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap
О OpenStreetMaps
Карты: Условия использования
3000km
2,000miles
Arago Hotspot
Location in the southern Pacific Ocean
The islands in the southern Pacific Ocean

The southern Pacific Ocean is the site of the South Pacific Superswell, an area where the ocean is anomalously shallow (by about 700 metres (2,300 ft))[11][12] and which covers an area of about 3,000 by 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi × 1,900 mi).[13] Underneath this superswell a large mantle plume might give rise to secondary plumes which in turn form the surface hotspots.[14] Hotspots in the region are the Macdonald hotspot, Marquesas hotspot, Pitcairn hotspot and Society hotspot;[11] of which the first and the last appear to be rooted deep in the mantle.[15] The nature of the volcanism in the area is not completely understood.[16]

Arago Seamount is part of the volcanic chain that forms the Austral Islands and Cook Islands. The 2,200 kilometres (1,400 mi) long chain consists of two separate trends that form two atolls and eleven islands; of these systems one (Macdonald seamount) is a still active volcano.[17] The ages of these islands follow an approximate age progression typical of a hotspot volcano but the occurrence of younger ages on Aitutaki and Rurutu and the chemistry of these younger rocks indicated that there must be more than one hotspot involved.[2] Recent models envisage the presence of a number of separate hotspot tracks in what has been dubbed a "hotspot highway",[1] first named as such in 2010,[18] fed by plumes 1,000–1,200 kilometres (620–750 mi) apart.[19] Further, some hotspots such as the Hawaii hotspot show evidence of movement but the Arago hotspot appears to be static.[20]

The Arago and other hotspots probably are not deep mantle plumes but rather more shallow structures that are also influenced by the lithosphere;[21] in the case of the Arago hotspot the absence of an oceanic plateau that could have been formed by the head of the mantle plume supports such a shallow origin.[22] The upper mantle might be the source of the Arago hotspot.[23] Data on the presence of seismic velocity anomalies and whether they are positive (higher) or negative (lower) beneath Arago are contradictory.[24] Seismic imaging published in 2009 indicates only a slight seismic velocity anomaly shallower than 100 kilometres (62 mi),[25] with no indication of a deep mantle root.[26] More recent research however has endorsed a deep mantle origin for the Arago hotspot.[27] Presently, Arago and the Macdonald hotspot are the two active hotspots of the Austral Islands,[28] but a hotspot that formed Rarotonga may also still be active; additional hotspots in the area are Tubuai, Taukina and Ngatemato.[29] Arago is a long lived hotspot that could be as much as 140 million years old.[30]

Arago Seamount

[edit]

The eponymous Arago Seamount is a composite volcano with three rift zones, similar to Rurutu.[2] The seamount was formed by three volcanoes with one overlapping the other two; potassium-argon dating on Arago has yielded ages of 230,000 ± 4,000 before present and an imprecise age of 0 years before present.[21] There is some evidence of submarine landslide activity, a typical occurrence on ocean volcanoes,[28] with one landslide scar each on the northern, eastern and western flank.[31] This seamount is considered to be the present location of the hotspot, given its young age;[17] however, unlike Macdonald, Arago Seamount has no recorded historical eruptions.[32]

Hotspots other than the Arago hotspot may have contributed to the growth of the Arago Seamount; a hotspot associated with Raivavae and potentially the President Thiers Bank has been associated through isotope analysis with 8.2 million year old samples taken from Arago Seamount.[33] Other volcanoes in the region also show evidence that they were built by more than one hotspot; this might indicate that their formation is controlled by lithospheric features.[14]

Other islands and seamounts

[edit]
Hotspot provinces in the Pacific Ocean; Arago belongs to the "Macdonald" province

As the Pacific Plate drifted over the hotspot several volcanoes were formed on the hotspot where weaknesses in the crust allowed the penetration of magma, and were subsequently carried away,[21][20] at a rate of about 120 millimetres per year (4.7 in/year).[34] Isotope ratios of lead in the volcanic rocks tie the younger volcanics of Rurutu to the Arago hotspot,[21] the ratio in this case is characterized by high radiogenic lead isotope composition ("HIMU").[35] Some volcanic material from the Arago hotspot may have been recycled in the mantle and mixed into the magmas erupted in the northeastern Lau basin;[36] rocks shed from seamounts created by the Arago hotspot may have been subducted in the Tonga trench which is close to the reconstructed path of the Arago hotspot and then erupted onto the Lau basin.[37] HIMU xenoliths have been found in Tubuai just ahead of Arago Seamount as well.[38]

Rurutu already existed before the interaction with the Arago hotspot, having been formed by an older volcanic episode; when it moved over the Arago hotspot a volcanic episode occurred and emplaced lava flows that are formed by basanite and hawaiite. Also, the island and surrounding coral reef were uplifted,[39] and these uplifted coral reefs (known as makatea) caught the attention of early geologists, who were speculating as to what might have lifted the reefs out of the sea already in 1840.[40] Other uplifted atolls occur northwest from Rurutu and may have formed in the same way when they passed over the Arago hotspot.[41]

Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap

Download coordinates as:

The following volcanics are at least tentatively attributed to the Arago hotspot:

The oldest volcanic structures potentially formed by the Arago hotspot are 120 million years old. If their attribution is correct, the Arago hotspot may be the oldest still active hotspot in the Pacific Ocean, ahead of the Hawaii hotspot and the Louisville hotspot.[66] A contrasting viewpoint believes that Arago is a short-lived hotspot with few dated volcanoes along its predicted path.[98] Assuming the first is the case, it is possible to fit Pacific Plate movements over the last 80 million years to the widely separate postulated tracks of this hotspot, the Louisville hotspot and the Hawaii hotspot very well.[105]

The island of Tubuai is located ahead of the hotspot, and the island will be transported over it in a few million years. As with Rurutu, this interaction will lead to uplift in Tubuai and possibly to renewed volcanism.[39]

  • Перечисление
    Rurutu
  • Риматара
    Rimatara
  • ласкаться
    Mangaia
  • Мария Острова
    Îles Maria
  • Митияо
    Mitiaro
  • 0nd
    Takutea
  • Мануэль
    Manuae
  • Атю
    Atiu
  • Масса
    Mauke
  • Aitutaki
    Aitutaki
  • Атолл Палмерстон
    Palmerston Atoll
  • Роуз атолл
    Rose Atoll
  • Тувалу
    Tuvalu
  • Гилберт Острова
    Gilbert Islands
  • Токелау
    Tokelau
  • Ратак цепь
    Ratak chain
  • Свева Маршалл -Острова
    Seamounts of the Marshall Islands
  • Остров Уэйк
    Wake Island

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Jump up to: a b Finlayson et al. 2018, p. 170.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Bonneville et al. 2002, p. 1024.
  3. ^ "Arago (P 675)". Ministère des Armées (in French). 3 February 2015. Retrieved 26 October 2017.
  4. ^ Bonneville, Dosso & Hildenbrand 2006, p. 252.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b Konrad et al. 2018, p. 2.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b c Finlayson et al. 2018, p. 171.
  7. ^ Neall & Trewick 2008, p. 3299.
  8. ^ Morgan & Morgan 2007, pp. 65–67.
  9. ^ Price et al. 2016, p. 1696.
  10. ^ Konter, Jasper G.; Finlayson, Valerie A.; Engel, Jacqueline; Jackson, Matthew G.; Koppers, Anthony A. P.; Sharma, Shiv K. (22 April 2019). "Shipboard Characterization of Tuvalu, Samoa, and Lau Dredge Samples Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)". Applied Spectroscopy. 73 (6): 625. Bibcode:2019ApSpe..73..623K. doi:10.1177/0003702819830793. ISSN 0003-7028. PMID 30700109. S2CID 73411474.
  11. ^ Jump up to: a b Isse et al. 2016, p. 1.
  12. ^ Bonneville, Dosso & Hildenbrand 2006, p. 251.
  13. ^ Suetsugu et al. 2009, p. 2.
  14. ^ Jump up to: a b c Bonneville, Dosso & Hildenbrand 2006, p. 266.
  15. ^ Isse et al. 2016, p. 2.
  16. ^ Binard et al. 2004, p. 158.
  17. ^ Jump up to: a b Bonneville et al. 2002, p. 1023.
  18. ^ Jackson et al. 2010, p. 1.
  19. ^ Jackson et al. 2020, p. 2.
  20. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Jackson et al. 2018, p. 3.
  21. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Bonneville et al. 2002, p. 1025.
  22. ^ Clouard & Bonneville 2001, p. 695.
  23. ^ Neall & Trewick 2008, p. 3298.
  24. ^ Isse et al. 2016, p. 8-9.
  25. ^ Suetsugu et al. 2009, p. 7.
  26. ^ Suetsugu et al. 2009, p. 9.
  27. ^ Jackson et al. 2018, p. 5.
  28. ^ Jump up to: a b Clouard, V.; Bonneville, A. (2003). Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences. Advances in Natural and Technological Hazards Research. Springer, Dordrecht. p. 337. doi:10.1007/978-94-010-0093-2_37. ISBN 9789401039734.
  29. ^ Bonneville, Dosso & Hildenbrand 2006, p. 253.
  30. ^ Jump up to: a b Jackson et al. 2020, p. 9.
  31. ^ Clouard, V.; Bonneville, A. (2004). Oceanic Hotspots. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. pp. 227–228. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-18782-7_7. ISBN 9783642622908.
  32. ^ Binard et al. 2004, p. 175.
  33. ^ Jump up to: a b c Bonneville, Dosso & Hildenbrand 2006, p. 265.
  34. ^ Morgan & Morgan 2007, p. 64.
  35. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Jackson et al. 2015, p. 3212.
  36. ^ Price, A. A.; Jackson, M. G.; Blichert-Toft, J.; Arculus, R. J.; Conatser, C. S.; Konter, J. G.; Koppers, A. A. P.; Blusztajn, J. (2014-12-01). "A Geochemical Transect Across the Lau and North Fiji Basins: New Evidence for the Distribution of Multiple Mantle Plume Components". AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. 23: V23G–07. Bibcode:2014AGUFM.V23G..07P.
  37. ^ Jump up to: a b c Price et al. 2016, p. 1712.
  38. ^ Koppers et al. 1995, p. 535.
  39. ^ Jump up to: a b Etienne 2014, p. 253.
  40. ^ Etienne 2014, p. 255.
  41. ^ Jump up to: a b Bergersen 1995, p. 607.
  42. ^ "Rurutu". GEOnet Names Server.
  43. ^ Jump up to: a b c Adam & Bonneville 2008, p. 4.
  44. ^ Adam & Bonneville 2008, p. 6.
  45. ^ "Rimatara". GEOnet Names Server.
  46. ^ Bonneville, Dosso & Hildenbrand 2006, p. 256.
  47. ^ Adam & Bonneville 2008, p. 8.
  48. ^ "Mangaia". GEOnet Names Server.
  49. ^ "Îles Maria". GEOnet Names Server.
  50. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Morgan & Morgan 2007, p. 63.
  51. ^ Jump up to: a b c Morgan & Morgan 2007, p. 68.
  52. ^ "Mitiaro". GEOnet Names Server.
  53. ^ "Takutea". GEOnet Names Server.
  54. ^ "Manuae". GEOnet Names Server.
  55. ^ "Atiu". GEOnet Names Server.
  56. ^ "Mauke". GEOnet Names Server.
  57. ^ Jackson et al. 2015, p. 3213.
  58. ^ Bonneville, Dosso & Hildenbrand 2006, p. 265,266.
  59. ^ "Aitutaki". GEOnet Names Server.
  60. ^ Jackson et al. 2020, p. 6.
  61. ^ "Palmerston Atoll". GEOnet Names Server.
  62. ^ "Rose Atoll" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  63. ^ Buff et al. 2021, p. 542.
  64. ^ Buff et al. 2021, p. 543.
  65. ^ Price et al. 2022, p. 2.
  66. ^ Jump up to: a b Koppers, A. A.; Konter, J. G.; Jackson, M. G. (2013-12-01). "Insights Into the Origin of the Longest-lived Hotspot in the Pacific: Clues from the Tuvalus". AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. 13: V13F–2668. Bibcode:2013AGUFM.V13F2668K.
  67. ^ Jackson et al. 2010, p. 17.
  68. ^ Jump up to: a b c Price et al. 2022, p. 16.
  69. ^ Finlayson, V.; Konter, J. G.; Konrad, K.; Price, A. A.; Koppers, A. A. P.; Jackson, M. G. (2016-12-01). "Identification of a Hawaiian-Emperor Style Bend in the Tuvalu Segment of the Rurutu Hotspot". AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. 52: DI52A–05. Bibcode:2016AGUFMDI52A..05F.
  70. ^ Jackson et al. 2018, p. 2.
  71. ^ Konter, Jasper G.; Finlayson, Valerie A.; Engel, Jacqueline; Jackson, Matthew G.; Koppers, Anthony A. P.; Sharma, Shiv K. (22 April 2019). "Shipboard Characterization of Tuvalu, Samoa, and Lau Dredge Samples Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)". Applied Spectroscopy. 73 (6): 625. Bibcode:2019ApSpe..73..623K. doi:10.1177/0003702819830793. ISSN 0003-7028. PMID 30700109.
  72. ^ Jackson et al. 2020, p. 10.
  73. ^ "Tuvalu". GEOnet Names Server.
  74. ^ Jump up to: a b Finlayson et al. 2018, p. 175.
  75. ^ Finlayson et al. 2018, p. 177.
  76. ^ Finlayson, V.; Konter, J. G.; Konrad, K.; Koppers, A. A. P.; Jackson, M. G. (2014-12-01). "The Rurutu Hotspot: Isotopic and Trace Element Evidence of HIMU Hotspot Volcanism in the Tuvalu Islands". AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. 33: V33C–4883. Bibcode:2014AGUFM.V33C4883F.
  77. ^ Konrad et al. 2018, p. 3.
  78. ^ "Gilbert Ridge". GEOnet Names Server.
  79. ^ Jump up to: a b Konter et al. 2008, p. 290.
  80. ^ "Tokelau". GEOnet Names Server.
  81. ^ Konter et al. 2008, p. 293.
  82. ^ Jump up to: a b c Koppers et al. 1995, p. 538.
  83. ^ Haggerty & Silva 1995, p. 940.
  84. ^ Jump up to: a b c d e Bergersen 1995, p. 606.
  85. ^ Jump up to: a b Haggerty & Silva 1995, p. 939.
  86. ^ Koppers et al. 1995, p. 541.
  87. ^ Bergersen 1995, p. 606,610.
  88. ^ "Wake Island" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 14 April 2019.
  89. ^ Wei et al. 2022, p. 14.
  90. ^ Wei et al. 2022, p. 17.
  91. ^ Wei et al. 2022, p. 2.
  92. ^ Jump up to: a b Ozima, Honda & Saito 1977, p. 476.
  93. ^ Ozima, Honda & Saito 1977, p. 482.
  94. ^ Koppers et al. 1995, p. 543.
  95. ^ Wei et al. 2022, p. 10.
  96. ^ Yan, Quanshu; Milan, Luke; Saunders, J. Edward; Shi, Xuefa (2021). "Petrogenesis of Basaltic Lavas From the West Pacific Seamount Province: Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf Isotopic Constraints". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 126 (5): 12. Bibcode:2021JGRB..12621598Y. doi:10.1029/2020JB021598. ISSN 2169-9356. S2CID 236615480.
  97. ^ Wei et al. 2022, p. 12.
  98. ^ Jump up to: a b Clouard & Bonneville 2001, p. 697.
  99. ^ Pringle 1992, p. 393.
  100. ^ Pringle 1992, p. 389.
  101. ^ Pringle 1992, p. 390.
  102. ^ Jump up to: a b Pringle 1992, p. 394.
  103. ^ Jump up to: a b Staudigel, Hubert; Park, K.-H.; Pringle, M.; Rubenstone, J.L.; Smith, W.H.F.; Zindler, A. (1991). "The longevity of the South Pacific isotopic and thermal anomaly". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 102 (1): 31. Bibcode:1991E&PSL.102...24S. doi:10.1016/0012-821x(91)90015-a.
  104. ^ Franco, Heather; Abbott, Dallas (1999-01-01). "Gravity signatures of terrane accretion". Lithos. 46 (1): 6. Bibcode:1999Litho..46....5F. doi:10.1016/S0024-4937(98)00060-7.
  105. ^ Gaastra, Kevin M.; Gordon, Richard G.; Woodworth, Daniel T. (July 2022). "Quantification of Pacific Plate Hotspot Tracks Since 80 Ma". Tectonics. 41 (7). Bibcode:2022Tecto..4106772G. doi:10.1029/2021TC006772.

Sources

[edit]
[ редактировать ]

23°26′S 150°44′W / 23.44°S 150.73°W / -23.44; -150.73[1]

  1. ^ Clouard & Bonneville 2001 , p. 697.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arago_hotspot&oldid=1237229522"
Arc.Ask3.Ru: конец переведенного документа.
Arc.Ask3.Ru
Номер скриншота №: e7a33c5eba796c1efd4c199d96e458be__1722184560
URL1:https://arc.ask3.ru/arc/aa/e7/be/e7a33c5eba796c1efd4c199d96e458be.html
Заголовок, (Title) документа по адресу, URL1:
Arago hotspot - Wikipedia
Данный printscreen веб страницы (снимок веб страницы, скриншот веб страницы), визуально-программная копия документа расположенного по адресу URL1 и сохраненная в файл, имеет: квалифицированную, усовершенствованную (подтверждены: метки времени, валидность сертификата), открепленную ЭЦП (приложена к данному файлу), что может быть использовано для подтверждения содержания и факта существования документа в этот момент времени. Права на данный скриншот принадлежат администрации Ask3.ru, использование в качестве доказательства только с письменного разрешения правообладателя скриншота. Администрация Ask3.ru не несет ответственности за информацию размещенную на данном скриншоте. Права на прочие зарегистрированные элементы любого права, изображенные на снимках принадлежат их владельцам. Качество перевода предоставляется как есть. Любые претензии, иски не могут быть предъявлены. Если вы не согласны с любым пунктом перечисленным выше, вы не можете использовать данный сайт и информация размещенную на нем (сайте/странице), немедленно покиньте данный сайт. В случае нарушения любого пункта перечисленного выше, штраф 55! (Пятьдесят пять факториал, Денежную единицу (имеющую самостоятельную стоимость) можете выбрать самостоятельно, выплаичвается товарами в течение 7 дней с момента нарушения.)