Гарольд Ньюгасс
Гарольд Реджинальд Ньюгасс | |
|---|---|
 Гарольд Ньюгасс c.1941 | |
| Рожденный | 3 августа 1899 г. Лондон , Англия |
| Умер | 17 ноября 1984 г. (в возрасте 85 лет) Западный Стаффорд , Англия |
| Верность | Великобритания |
| Услуга/ | Территориальная армия (1918–34) Резерв -волонтер Королевского военно -морского флота (1940–45) |
| Годы службы | 1918–1934 1940–1945 |
| Rank | Lieutenant Commander |
| Unit | HMS President |
| Battles/wars | First World War Second World War |
| Awards | George Cross |
Гарольд Реджинальд Ньюгасс , GC - 17 ноября 1984 г.) был резерва военно -морского военно -морского военно офицером военно -морского военно (3 августа 1896 г. -морского мой за два дня в 1940 году. [ 1 ]
Ранний период жизни
[ редактировать ]Newgass родился в богатой еврейской семье в центре Лондона, в 54 Princes Gate, Knightsbridge, SW7 3 августа 1899 года, сын Марии Регины (урожденная Хесс) и Бенджамина Ньюгасса. [ 2 ] У него были два старших брата, Эдгар Исаак и Джеральд. [ 2 ] Когда двое из его тетушек по отцовской линии женились на богатых американских семьях, Бабетт Ньюгасс Леман (замужем за Мейером Леманом ) и Эстер Ньюгасс Хеллман (замужем за Исайсом В. Хеллманом Леммана в Новом Орлеане (в Новом Орлеане (его отец был назван главой Леманской семьи ), его отец был назван главой хлопкового хлопка в Новом Орлеане ( Назван Lehman, Newgass & Co ) после того, как Lehman Brothers перенесла свою штаб -квартиру в Нью -Йорк . [3] His father later moved to Liverpool,[3] then the global center of textile manufacturing, and opened a branch office.[4] The three brothers-in-laws continued to invest in each other's ventures in railroads, banks, and commodities.[4] The family, especially Harold, were heavily involved in the Boy Scout movement and financed also many Apprenticeship schemes for working class boys.[citation needed]
Harold had served in the Territorial Army attached to the mounted Royal Artillery firing 18 pounders, from 1918 to 1934 . He was trained originally at Larkhill, then posted to France as a Lieutenant before the Armistice in 1918, clearing ammunition dumps, where it may be he first learnt skills in bomb disposal, and on demobilisation, joined the Sussex Artillery TA as a Captain (taken from his diary by his grand-daughter T. Charalambous, 2023, with notes kept in his file at AJEX Jewish Military Museum Archives) . He also worked as a volunteer club leader at the Oxford and St Georges Jewish Youth Club, first in Canon Street Row in Whitechapel, and then in Berners Street Bernhard Baron Settlement, now in Henriques Street,E1 (building still stands as luxury flats) and he was affectionately known as 'Pop' Newgass[citation needed]
Second World War
[edit]On the evening of 28–29 November 1940, a German parachute mine fell on the Garston Gas Works in Liverpool. It was unknown whether it was magnetic, acoustic, delayed action or just a "dud". Consequently, this caused extensive disruption in the area, with factory work halted and over 6,000 people removed from the vicinity. Additionally, railway and dock sidings were closed and the gas supply to the south and east of Liverpool was disrupted.[5]
The "luftmine" had fallen through a large gas holder and its parachute had become entangled in the hole in the roof. The large entry hole made by the mine allowed gas to escape and a portion of the roof to sink. The mine was resting on the floor nearly upright, nose down in some 7 feet (2.1 m) of oily water. It was also leaning on one of the 7 feet (2.1 m)-high brick piers on which, in turn, the iron pillars that supported the roof were fixed.
Additionally, the mine's fuse mechanism was against the pillar, meaning that the mine had to be turned before it could be defused. Some of the water was pumped out and an access hole was cut into the side of the gas holder. The job of now rendering the mine safe was left to Temporary Lieutenant Harold Newgass.[6]
Newgass could only enter the gas holder with the aid of breathing apparatus supplying oxygen via cylinder. The Auxiliary Fire Service prepared six cylinders, each with a life of about 30 minutes. He would have to take it in stages over the next two days.
Newgass now worked hard to use each available cylinder's 30-minute window. The strain of the operation meant that Newgass used more and more oxygen and the 30 minutes dwindled rapidly. He later commented: "Working in an oxygen mask is a bit of a strain".
Using the first cylinder, Newgass checked the mine and prepared his plan to defuse the device. Using the second cylinder, he carried his tools and a ladder to the mine. On the third sortie he placed sandbags around the nose of the mine, and tied the top of the mine to the iron roof support.
On 30 November 1940, using the fourth cylinder, Newgass began the difficult defusing operation. Turning the mine to reveal the fuse he then removed it and the unit primer and detonator. Almost exhausted Newgass returned for the fifth cylinder and now turned the mine further to undo clock-keep ring. With his final cylinder he was again to extract the clock, rendering the mine inert.
Garston employers now removed the mine by removing it with block and tackle. It was put on a lorry for disposal. Had the mine detonated, the whole of Garston Works, and much of the surrounding properties would have been completely destroyed in the blast.[6]
Newgass was subsequently awarded the George Cross for his actions. The announcement for the award was published in the London Gazette on 4 March 1941, reading:
The King has been graciously pleased to approve the award of the GEORGE CROSS for great gallantry and undaunted devotion to duty to:
Temporary Lieutenant Harold Reginald Newgass, R.N.V.R.
Legacy
[edit]Newgass's medal group of George Cross, Defence Medal and War Medal 1939-45 are on display in the Victoria Cross & George Cross Gallery at the Imperial War Museum in London.[7]
Historical Marker
[edit]
Text: "In Proud Memory of Jewish Naval Officer Lt. Comm. Harold Newgasse, GC, RNVR - Awarded the George Cross for courage in defusing a landmine in Garston, Liverpool. He was a Club Leader at the Oxford and St. George's Youth Club in Henriques Street, Whitechapel, which subsequently relocated to this site.
Be Strong and of Good Courage - (Joshua 1:9)
UK Branch of the Jewish American Society for Historic Preservation and AJEX
There is a street named after him on a new housing estate in Garston where all the other streets are named after English ports. A memorial plaque to Newgass was installed on the building in which the Oxford and St George Jewish Youth Club last located, in Totteridge, north west London, in August 2023. It is now the Sha'erei Tsadik Reform Synagogue and many of its older members were once proud club members too. The plaque was organised by the Jewish American Society for Historic Preservation, donor Jerry Klinger, and AJEX Archivist Martin Sugarman
References
[edit]- ^ «Джордж Крест Герои» . Ежедневный телеграф . Архивировано из оригинала 16 января 2017 года.
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный Брезом, Кевин. «Комплексное руководство по кресту Виктории» . Виктория Кросс и Джордж Кросс Ассоциация.
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный Коэн, Майкл Р. (26 декабря 2017 г.). Хлопковые капиталисты: американское еврейское предпринимательство в эпоху реконструкции . ISBN 9781479881017 .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный Dinkelspiel, Фрэнсис (5 января 2010 г.). Башни золота: как один еврейский иммигрант по имени Исайс Хеллман создал Калифорнию . Пресса Святого Мартина . п. 56. ISBN 9781429959599 .
- ^ Кампания в честь Второй мировой войны Гарстон Газовые работы Герой Герой Бомба Гарольд Ньюгасс
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный «История Гарольда Ньюгасса» . Архивировано из оригинала 3 января 2013 года . Получено 20 декабря 2012 года .
- ^ Ньюгасс, Гарольд Реджинальд