Коммунистическая партия Финляндии

Коммунистическая партия Финляндии

Коммунистическая партия Финляндии
Коммунистическая партия Финляндии Коммунистическая партия Финляндии
Abbreviation	SKP
Founded	29 August 1918
Legalized	1944
Dissolved	1992
Split from	Social Democratic Party of Finland
Succeeded by	Left Alliance; Communist Party of Finland (1994);
Youth wing	Young Communist League of Finland
Ideology	Communism; Marxism–Leninism (until 1970s); Eurocommunism (from 1970s); Factions:; Taistoism (until 1980s)
Political position	Far-left
National affiliation	Finnish People's Democratic League
International affiliation	Comintern
Colors	Red
	Politics of Finland; Political parties; Elections;

Коммунистическая партия Финляндии ( Финская : Коммунистическая партия Финляндии , SKP ; Шведская : Финляндия Коммунистическая Парти ) была коммунистической политической партией в Финляндии . SKP был частью Comintern и незаконно в Финляндии до 1944 года.

SKP был запрещен государством с его основания ^{[ 1 ]} и не участвовал в каких -либо выборах с собственным именем. Вместо этого фронт -организации использовались . В 1920 -х годах коммунисты приняли участие в Социалистической партии Финляндии (1920–1923) и социалистической избирательной организации работников и мелких владельцев (1924–1930). Они оба также были запрещены. В 1944 году была сформирована новый фронт, была сформирована Финская народная лига демократической лиги . SKP контролировал эти фронты, но у них всегда было выдающееся меньшинство некоммунистических социалистов.

History

Early stages

In 1918, the Reds lost the Finnish Civil War. The Social Democratic Party of Finland had supported the losing side, and several of its leaders were exiled in Soviet Russia. Some of these exiles founded the Communist Party of Finland in Moscow.

The SKP was illegal in Finland until 1944, and members could be imprisoned. After the Continuation War, the SKP dominated the Finnish People's Democratic League, which was founded in 1944 as an umbrella organization of the radical left.

Cold War

Leaders of the Communist Party of Finland: Ensio Laine (left), Markus Kainulainen, Taisto Sinisalo, Aarne Saarinen, Arvo Aalto, and Erkki Kivimäki in 1970

The Cold War era was the high point of Communists in Finland. Between 1944 and 1979, support of the Finnish People's Democratic League was in the range of 17%–24%. Communists participated in several cabinets, but Finland never had a communist Prime Minister or President. In the mid-1960s, the U.S. State Department estimated the party membership to be approximately 40,000 (1.44% of the working age population).^[2] with the SKP's main rival for domination of the political left being the Social Democratic Party of Finland. The competition was very bitter in trade unions and other leftist organizations.

The SKP received substantial financial support from the Soviet Union during the Cold War.^[3] Internally, SKP was divided, with a Eurocommunist mainstream and a hardline pro-Moscow minority, called the Taistoists after their leader, Taisto Sinisalo. The word "taisto" also means "battle" or "fight"; the double connotation made this slur, originally launched by the largest Finnish newspaper Helsingin Sanomat, stick. Soviet threats to withdraw support were the main reason why the majority did not expel the Taistoists from the party leadership or membership.^{[citation needed]}

Aftermath of the Prague Spring

The events of the Prague Spring followed by the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia had strong repercussions for the SKP. With the SKP's leadership strongly denouncing the Soviet intervention, internal disputes became fiercer than ever. While a de facto Eurocommunist majority held sway, the Taistoist minority decisively stood by the Soviet Union and the Brezhnev doctrine.^[4] Gradually this led to a disintegration, and in practice, the party now consisted of two parallel structures, and gradually lost ground in terms of public support.^[5] The most hardline leader of the party, Markus Kainulainen, led a group that even opposed Soviet policies after the Perestroika had begun.

In 1985–1986, a large number of Taistoists, hundreds of party organizations with thousands of members, were expelled. They regrouped as the Communist Party of Finland (Unity) (SKPy) which later evolved into the current Communist Party of Finland (1994).

Collapse

The dissolution of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s led to ideological conflicts: bitter internal disputes plagued the party. Bad stock-market investments made during Arvo Aalto's term of office resulted in financial bankruptcy in 1992. The SKP never recovered. A majority of the party members, with other member-organizations of SKDL, formed the Left Alliance in 1990.

SKPy, originally the faction of the party expelled in 1985–1986, outlasted its parent and registered itself as the Communist Party of Finland in 1997, but has failed to regain the former Communist Party's parliamentary representation. In the elections of 2007 it won 0.7% of the vote; in April 2011, it won just 0.3%.^[6]

Youth wing

The youth wing of the SKP was the Communist Youth League of Finland (SKNL, 1925–1936). After World War II, young communists were active in the SKDL's Democratic Youth League of Finland (SNDL). The SNDL was member of World Federation of Democratic Youth.

Leaders

Chairmen

Yrjö Sirola	1918–1920
Kullervo Manner	1920–1935
Hannes Mäkinen	1935–1937^[7]
Jukka Lehtosaari	1937–1938^[7]
Aimo Aaltonen	1944–1945 & 1948–1966
Aaro Uusitalo	1945–1948
Aarne Saarinen	1966–1982
Jouko Kajanoja	1982–1984
Arvo Aalto	1984–1988
Jarmo Wahlström	1988–1990
Heljä Tammisola	1990–1992

General secretaries

Arvo Tuominen	1935–1940
Ville Pessi	1944–1969
Arvo Aalto	1969–1977 & 1981–1984
Erkki Kivimäki	1977–1981
Aarno Aitamurto	1984–1985
Esko Vainionpää	1985–1988
Heljä Tammisola	1988–1990
Asko Mäki	1990–1992

References

^ Saarela, Tauno (1996). Suomalaisen kommunismin synty 1918–1923 (in Finnish). Kansan Sivistystyön Liitto. pp. 23–24, 161. ISBN 951-9455-55-8.
^ Бенджамин, Роджер В.; Kautsky, Джон Х. Коммунизм и экономическое развитие , в Американском политологическом обзоре , Vol. 62, нет. 1. (март 1968 г.), с. 122.
^ Рентола, Киммо (1997). Так холодно, что горит - коммунисты, Кекконен и Кремл (на финском). Хельсинки: Отава. П. 951-1-14497-9 .
^ Tuomioja, Erkki (2008). «Эффекты Праги Весны в Европе» . Получено 2 января 2015 года .
^ Jakobson, Max (1998). "Коммунистический раскол" . Финляндия в новой Европе . CSIS Washington Papers. Вестпорт, штат Коннектикут: Praeger. п. 77 ISBN 0-275-96372-1 .
^ 9.232 2,939,571 ( Министерство юстиции Финляндия архивировала 20 апреля 2011 года на машине Wayback )
^ Jump up to: ^а ^{беременный} Крекола, Джони (2006). Короткий курс сталинизма (на финском). Сказок П.

[1] Saarela, Tauno (1996). Suomalaisen kommunismin synty 1918–1923 (in Finnish). Kansan Sivistystyön Liitto. pp. 23–24, 161. ISBN 951-9455-55-8.

[2] Бенджамин, Роджер В.; Kautsky, Джон Х. Коммунизм и экономическое развитие , в Американском политологическом обзоре , Vol. 62, нет. 1. (март 1968 г.), с. 122.

[3] Рентола, Киммо (1997). Так холодно, что горит - коммунисты, Кекконен и Кремл (на финском). Хельсинки: Отава. П. 951-1-14497-9 .

[tuomioja-4] Tuomioja, Erkki (2008). «Эффекты Праги Весны в Европе» . Получено 2 января 2015 года .

[jakobson-5] Jakobson, Max (1998). "Коммунистический раскол" . Финляндия в новой Европе . CSIS Washington Papers. Вестпорт, штат Коннектикут: Praeger. п. 77 ISBN 0-275-96372-1 .

[6] 9.232 2,939,571 ( Министерство юстиции Финляндия архивировала 20 апреля 2011 года на машине Wayback )

[krekola108-7] Jump up to: ^а ^{беременный} Крекола, Джони (2006). Короткий курс сталинизма (на финском). Сказок П.

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