Podonectria
| Podonectria | |
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| Род: | Podonectria |
| Тип видов | |
| Podonectria coccicola (Ellis & Everh.) Petch
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Podonectria является родом монотипических Podonectrectriacee грибах в . [ 2 ] Они представляют собой паразитарные грибки на масштабе насекомых , других грибков или на субстратах, которые ранее колонизировали другие грибы.
Семейство Podonectriaceae было введено для приспособления рода Podonectria Dao et al. в 2016 году. [ 3 ] Позже это было подтверждено данными и данными LSU . [ 4 ]
Описание
[ редактировать ]They generally have a sexual morph that has a byssoid (wispy, cottony or teased wool appearance) stromata which is well-developed or scant and white to brown or dark-brown. The ascomata is solitary or aggregated, superficial on or immersed in the stroma. It is globose to subglobose, obpyriform or ovoid in shape, cream white to light yellow, or brown to dark brown in colour and covered with hairs or absent. The hamathecium (i.e., all of the fungal hyphae or other tissues between asci) consists of numerous reticulate, filiform, septate and branched pseudoparaphyses. The asci is 8-spored, bitunicate (double walled) and long clavate to cylindric in shape. The ascospores are long clavate to long cylindric, or vermiform in shape. They are also multiseptate. The species in the genus also have an asexual morph that is tetracrium-like. The sporodochia is formed directly on cushion-shaped, white, orange, or brown, and hard stroma. The conidiophores are moniliform (bead-shaped). The conidia are usually 1–4 'arm-like', narrowed toward the apex, joined at the basal cell and multiseptate.[4]
History
[edit]Genus Podonectria was introduced by Petch,[1] to accommodate species of Ophionectria (in the Nectriaceae family), which are parasitic on scale insects and have thick-walled asci, long, multiseptate ascospores, and a tetracrium-like conidial stage. The type species, Podonectria coccicola (Ellis and Everh.) Petch was transferred from Ophionectria coccicola (Ellis & Everh.) Berl. & Voglino and is associated with the scale insects of Aonidiella aurantia (Maskell), Aspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock), Chrysomphalus aonidum (Linnaeus), Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman), Lepidosaphes gloverii (Packard), Leucapsis sp., Parlatoria pergandii Comstock, Parlatoria ziziphi Lucas, and Unaspis citri (Comstock) which are all mainly found on Rutaceae species of plants.[5][6][3] Species Puttemansia aurantii (Henn.) Höhn, was initially found to be the type specimen of the asexual morph Tetracrium aurantii Henn. and is associated with scale insect Parlatoria ziziphi which feeds on Citrus aurantium L., was also transferred to the Podonectria genus as Podonectria aurantii (Henn.) Petch.[1] A new species collected from Lepidosaphes sp. on Citrus nobilis Lour. was named as Podonectria echinata.[1] Additionally, two new species, Podonectria gahnia Dingley and Podonectria novae-zelandiae Dingley, were reported by J.M. Dingley in 1954 from scale insects in New Zealand,[5] they were later followed by a new fungus Podonectria tenuispora Dennis collected from Lepidosaphes ulmi (Linnaeus) found on Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull.[7] Subsequently, Rossman transferred species Ophionectria coccorum Petch, associated with Fiorinia juniperi Kuwana, and also Lasiosphaeria larvaespora Cooke & Massee on an undetermined scale insect also to Podonectria, viz. Podonectria coccorum (Petch) Rossman and Podonectria larvaespora (Cooke & Massee) Rossman.[8] The fungal species Trichonectria bambusicola Rehm was referred as Podonectria bambusicola (Rehm) Piroz. on account of it having scolecosporous ascospores (having very long worm-like spores) and tetracrium-like conidia by Pirozynski.[9] However, Podonectria bambusicola was excluded because of its occurrence on living leaves of bamboo rather than scale insects and remained an unclassified loculoascomycete (class of fungi with bitunicate Ascomycota).[6] Rossman then published a monograph on Podonectria and accepted eight species in 1978.[6] A later examination of the type specimen of Trichonectria bambusicola further revealed that this was a synonym of Uredinophila erinaceae (Rehm) Rossman.[10] The genus Podonectria was characterized by having fleshy, white to brown, uninoculated ascomata with bitunicate asci and long, multiseptated ascospores and also being associated with scale insects.[6] Spatafora et al. transferred the previously reported species Podonectria cicadellidicola Kobayasi & Shimizu and Podonectria citrina Kobayasi & Shimizu to genus Ophiocordyceps (family Ophiocordycipitaceae, Order Hypocreales),[11] supported by the previous phylogenetic analyses presented in Quandt et al in 2014.[12] In 2019, Yang et al. found Podonectria sichuanensis C.L. Yang & X.L. Xu parasitic around the ascomata of fungus Neostagonosporella sichuanensis C.L. Yang, X.L. Xu & K.D. Hyde (in the Phaeosphaeriaceae family) on (water bamboo) Phyllostachys heteroclada Oliv in China.[13] In 2021, 3 fungi were associated with Kuwanaspis howardi, a scale insect on Phyllostachys heteroclada (fishscale bamboo) and Pleioblastus amarus (bitter bamboo) in China. New species Podonectria kuwanaspidis X.L. Xu & C.L. Yang sp. nov. and Podonectria novae-zelandiae Dingley, as well as Microcera kuwanaspidis X.L. Xu & C.L. Yang sp. nov. (Nectriaceae family, Hypocreales order),[4]
Species
[edit]As accepted by Species Fungorum;[14]
- Podonectria aurantii (Henn.) Petch 1921
- Podonectria bambusicola (Rehm) Piroz. 1977
- Podonectria coccicola (Ellis & Everh.) Petch 1921
- Podonectria coccorum (Petch) Rossman 1977
- Podonectria echinata Petch 1921
- Podonectria gahnia Dingley 1954[5]
- Podonectria larvispora (Cooke & Massee) Rossman 1977
- Podonectria novae-zelandiae Dingley 1954[5]
- Podonectria sichuanensis C.L. Yang & X.L. Xu (2019)
- Podonectria tenuispora Dennis 1958[7]
Former species;[14]
- P. cicadellidicola Kobayasi & Shimizu (1977) = Ophiocordyceps cicadellidicola, Ophiocordycipitaceae
- P. citrina Kobayasi & Shimizu (1977) = Ophiocordyceps citrina, Ophiocordycipitaceae
Ссылки
[ редактировать ]- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в дюймовый Петч, исследования на энтомогенных грибах. Nectriae паразита на масштабных насекомых. Транс. Брит Микол. Соц 7 (3): 146 (1921).
- ^ Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf sm. (Декабрь 2007 г.). «Схема Ascomycota - 2007» . Myconet . 13 Чикаго, США: Полевой музей, Департамент ботаники: 1–58.
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный Dao, ht; Битти, Гак; Россман, да; Burgess, LW; Холфорд, П. (2016). «Четыре предполагаемых энтомопатогенных грибов из бронированных насекомых на цитрусовых в Австралии». Микол. Прогик 15 (5): 47. Bibcode : 2016mycpr..15 ... 47d . doi : 10.1007/s11557-016-1188-6 .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в Сюй, Сюй-лан; Зенг, Цянь; LV, Yi-Cong; Дживон, Раджеш; Махараччикубура, Саджива Сн; Wanasinghe, Dhanushka n.; Хайд, Кевин Д.; Сяо, Цянь-Ганг; Лю, Ин-Гао; Ян, Чун-Лин (2021). «Понимание систематики новых энтомопатогенных грибов, связанных с ассортиментом в армии, Kuwanaspis Howardi (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) в Китае» . J. Гриб . 7 (8): 628. doi : 10.3390/jof7080628 . PMC 8401669 . PMID 34436167 .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в дюймовый Dingley, JM (1954). Роды Hyporella , Claviceps and PodonectriaBaya Транс. R. Soc. Н. Z. 81 : 489–4
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в дюймовый Россман, Ай (1978). « Podonectria , род у Pleosporales на масштабных насекомых». Микотаксон . 7 : 163–182.
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный Деннис, RWG (1957). «Новые британские грибы». Кью Булл . 12 (3): 399–404. Bibcode : 1957kewbu..12..399d . doi : 10.2307/4113704 . JSTOR 4113704 .
- ^ Россман, Ай (1977). «Род Ophionectria (Euascomecetes, лицемеры)». Микология . 69 (2): 355–391. doi : 10.1080/002755514.1977.12020067 .
- ^ Пирозинский, К.А. (1977). «Примечания о гиперпаразитовых спхариале, лицемерах и« гипокроидах Dothideales » . Кью Булл . 31 (3): 595-610. Bibcode : 1977 кевбу..31..595p . Doi : 10.2307 / 4119409 . JSTOR 4119409 .
- ^ Россман, Ай (1987). Tubeufiaceae и аналогичные локулоскомцепты . Фарнхэм Роял, Великобритания: Cab International. п. 43
- ^ Spatafora, JW; Quandt, CA; Кеплер, RM; Пели, gh; Shresta, B.; Hywel-Jones, NL; Luangsa-Ard, JJ (2015). «Новые комбинации видов 1F1N в OphiocordyCipitaceae (лицемеры)» . IMA гриб . 6 (2): 357–362. doi : 10.5598/imafungus.2015.06.02.07 . PMC 4681259 . PMID 26734546 .
- ^ Quandt, CA; Кеплер, RM; Gams, W.; Araújo, JPM; Бан, с.; Эванс, HC; Хьюз, Д.; Хамбер, Р.; Hywel-Jones, N.; Ли, Зз; Luangsa-Ard, JJ (2014). «Номенклатурные предложения на основе филогенетических средств для Ophiocordycipitaceae (лицемеры) с новыми комбинациями в толипокладии » . IMA гриб . 5 (1): 121–134. doi : 10.5598/imafungus.2014.05.01.12 . PMC 4107890 . PMID 25083412 .
- ^ Ян, кл; Xu, xl; Лю, YG (2019). « Podonectria sichuanensis , потенциально микопатогенный гриб из провинции Сычуань в Китае». Фитотакса . 402 (5): 219–231. doi : 10.11646/phytotaxa.402.5.1 .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный «Виды - Поиск - Podonectria» . www.speciesfungorum.org . Получено 11 августа 2023 года .
Внешние ссылки
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