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Джон Маффи, 1 -й регби барона

(Перенаправлен от Джона Погрузчика Маффи )

Господь регби
1931 Фотография
Генерал-губернатор Судана
В офисе
31 октября 1926 г. - 10 января 1934 г.
MonarchGeorge V
Preceded bySir Geoffrey Francis Archer
Succeeded bySir George Stewart Symes
Personal details
Born
John Loader Maffey

(1877-07-01)1 July 1877
Died20 April 1969(1969-04-20) (aged 91)
SpouseDorothy Gladys Huggins
ChildrenAlan Maffey, 2nd Baron Rugby
Hon. Henry Maffey
Penelope, Lady Aitken
EducationRugby School
Christ Church, Oxford
OccupationCivil servant, diplomat

Джон Погрузчик Маффи, 1-й барон регби , GCMG , KCB , KCVO , CSI , CIE , (1 июля 1877-20 апреля 1969 года) был британским государственным служащим и дипломатом, который был ключевой фигурой в англо-ирландских отношениях во время Второй мировой войны .

Биография

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Ранний период жизни

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Маффи был младшим сыном Томаса Маффи, коммерческого путешественника регби, Уорикшира , и его жены Мэри Пенелопа, дочери Джона Погрузчика. Он получил образование в регби -школе и Крайст -Черч, Оксфорд .

Он поступил в Индийскую государственную службу в 1899 году и в частности, в качестве помощника секретаря главного комиссара северо-западной пограничной провинции с 1912 по 1916 год, а затем в качестве личного секретаря на вице-король Индии Лорд Челмсфорд с 1916 по 1920 год, а затем главный комиссар Северо-западная пограничная провинция с 1921 по 1924 год. Он был назначен CSI на почестях дня рождения 1920 года . Он был привязан к принцу Артуру, герцогу Коннот, во время его визита в Индию. За его услуги он был назначен Рыцарем -командиром Королевского викторианского ордена в феврале 1921 года. После разногласия с британским правительством в 1924 году Маффи подал в отставку с государственной службы Индии. В 1926 году он стал генерал-губернатором Судана, последовал в 1933 году его назначением постоянным заместителем государственного секретаря в колонии .

Representative to Ireland

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Portrait by Philip de László, 1923

On 14 September 1939, two weeks after the outbreak of World War II, Maffey arrived in Dublin to discuss the possibility of the United Kingdom appointing a British representative to Ireland.[1] Later, following a discussion at the British War Cabinet, Maffey was sent back to Dublin again with a letter from Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain appealing once again for the appointment of a 'representative'. The United Kingdom would not agree to appoint an ambassador or a minister, because it would imply that Ireland was a foreign country outside the Commonwealth. On the other hand, Ireland would not agree to the appointment of a High Commissioner to Ireland because that would imply that Ireland was in the Commonwealth which the Irish government did not accept.[2] As a compromise, Chamberlain proposed the title "United Kingdom Representative in Éire" but de Valera rejected this, insisting that the word 'in' be replaced with 'to'. And so "United Kingdom Representative to Éire" was agreed upon and Maffey was appointed on 3 October 1939.[3] For de Valera, the change signified Ireland's independence, sovereignty and equality with the United Kingdom.[4]

Chamberlain remarked that the title would "seem to be well suited to an appointment such as this which is essentially an emergency arrangement intended to meet a temporary but urgent situation".[5] After Maffey took up his appointment as "Representative", there were reports that the Irish Republican Army might abduct or kill him.[6]

Maffey held the post throughout the war years and until his retirement in 1949. During the war, he was undoubtedly the most important foreign diplomat resident in Dublin, given the complications of Ireland's neutrality policy. As "United Kingdom Representative to Eire", Maffey quickly established a good working relationship with Éamon de Valera. De Valera was personally in favour of the survival of democracy but did not necessarily trust the British to look after Ireland's best interests. Maffey was vital in mediating between the 'Warlord' Churchill and 'the Chief' de Valera.

When de Valera was replaced by a coalition, headed by John A. Costello, in 1948, Maffey again established a good working relationship with its members, but he was scathing about the clumsy manner in which the declaration of a Republic was handled: "Mr. Costello has handled the business in a slipshod and amateur fashion".

He encouraged John Betjeman, the press attaché, to establish friendly relations with leading and rising figures in the Dublin literary world, such as Patrick Kavanagh; Maffey himself suggested the subject for one of Kavanagh's poems.

In his memorandum, "The Irish Question in 1945",[7] addressed to the Secretary of State for the Dominions, Maffey expressed his view: "To-day, after six years' detachment, Eire is more than ever a foreign country. It is so dominated by the National Catholic Church as to be almost a theocratic State. Gaelic is enforced in order to show that Eire is not one of the English-speaking nations; foreign games are frowned upon, the war censorship has been misapplied for anti-British purposes, anti-British feeling is fostered in school and by Church and State by a system of hereditary enemy indoctrination. There is probably more widespread anti-British sentiment in Eire to-day than ever before." Commenting on a recent attack by Churchill on de Valera, Maffey reported "Nothing helped Mr. de Valera more than Mr. Churchill's personal attack.... The Irish are a very distinct race, and their marked characteristics persist strongly.... There still persist the dark Milesian strain, the tribal vendetta spirit, hatred and blarney, religious fanaticism, swift alternations between cruelty and laughter. A knowledge of the North-West Frontier tribes of India is a good introduction to an understanding of the Irish. They are both very remarkable and in many ways attractive people, with the same mental kinks. We were wise enough not to attempt to bring the Afridis under our direct rule." He continued "Mr. de Valera is not himself a hater of England, as Mr. Frank Aiken, the Finance Minister, is.... There is very little of the Irishman in Mr. de Valera. He is trusted because of his austerity and his cold mathematical approach to Anglo-Irish problems. He understands the narrowness of the Irish mind and does not venture on to broader paths, though he might certainly have led his people out of spiritual bondage in 1941, when America came into the war."

Maffey felt that "we can now talk to Eire on a cold, factual, horse-trading basis, knowing perfectly well that the cards are in our hands." He continued, "It must be admitted that, by ascribing Dominion status to Eire, we placed in unfriendly hands a power to weaken the conception and responsibilities of Dominion status. Eire has none of the attributes of a Dominion. She is a "Scotland " gone wrong, and we cannot afford to let her be completely divorced from the strategic and economic zone of England, Scotland and Wales." Turning to Northern Ireland, Maffey remarked, "Unhappily it is not possible for us to feel satisfied with the state of affairs in Northern Ireland. The Unionist Government are fighting an insidious enemy who is gaining upon them. Their ballot box is not safe over a period against the Catholic birth rate. The loyalty of the local garrison is not proof against the attractions of a lower income-tax rate in Eire. They are vulnerable to world criticism. The British Government cannot afford to ignore the pronouncement made in November 1944 by the Catholic Archbishop of Westminster, the Most Rev. Dr. Griffin, that there is religious persecution at the present day in Northern Ireland."

In February 1947, Maffey was raised to the peerage as Baron Rugby, of Rugby in the County of Warwick.

His portrait hangs in the National Portrait Gallery of the United Kingdom. Painted by Philip de László in 1923, it was the study for two official portraits, at Government House, Peshawar, and Christ Church, Oxford.[8]

Family

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Lord Rugby married Dorothy Gladys Huggins, daughter of Charles Lang Huggins, on 28 August 1907. They became the parents of three children: Alan, Henry, and Penelope.

Their only daughter, Penelope, married the war hero and Tory MP Sir William Aitken and became a well-known socialite. She was the mother of the former Conservative politician Jonathan Aitken and the actress Maria Aitken. Her grandchildren are the actor Jack Davenport, the artiste and environmentalist Alexandra Aitken (also known as Uttrang Kaur Khalsa), Victoria Aitken, and William Aitken.

Lord Rugby died in April 1969, aged 91. He was succeeded in the barony by his eldest son Alan Loader Maffey, 2nd Baron Rugby.

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Maffey was played by Peter Copley in the 1983 RTÉ drama series Caught in a Free State.

He is a minor character in the 2010 novel Long Time Coming by Robert Goddard.

Arms

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Coat of arms of John Maffey, 1st Baron Rugby
Crest
A gauntlet fessewise grasping a lantern Proper.
Escutcheon
Ermine a fort with two towers Proper issuant from the base a pile reversed Sable a chief dancettée Or surmounted by a pile Azure charged with an increscent Argent.
Supporters
On either side an Afghan hound Proper gorged with a collar the chain reflexed over the back Or.
Motto
Pass Friend [9]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ 'De Valera Rule 1932–75' by David McCullagh, Gill Books 2018 pg. 172
  2. ^ 'De Valera Rule 1932–75' by David McCullagh, Gill Books 2018, pg. 173
  3. ^ 'The Geopolitics of Anglo Irish Relations in the 20th Century'; GR Sloan; Leicester University Press 1997
  4. ^ 'De Valera Rule 1932–75' by David McCullagh, Gill Books 2018, pg. 174
  5. ^ No. 29 UCDA P150/2548 (Documents in Irish Foreign Policy)
  6. ^ No. 114 NAI DFA 2006/39 Confidential report from John W. Dulanty to Joseph P. Walshe (Dublin) (No. 6) (Secret) (Copy) London, 26 January 1940 (Documents in Irish Foreign Policy)
  7. ^ CP. (45) 152. 7 September 1945 entitled "Relations with Eire" being a Memorandum by the Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs" and exhibiting a Memorandum by Maffey entitled "The Irish Question in 1945" dated 21 August 1945
  8. ^ "NPG 6597; John Loader Maffey, 1st Baron Rugby". National Portrait Gallery (UK). Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  9. ^ Burke's Peerage. 1959.
  • Oxbury, Harold. Great Britons: Twentieth-Century Lives. London: Promotional Reprint Company Ltd, 1993.
  • Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.
Government offices
Preceded by Chief Commissioner of the
North-West Frontier Province

8 March 1921 – July 1923
Succeeded by
Preceded by Governor-General of the Sudan
1926–1934
Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Permanent Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies
1933–1937
Succeeded by
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by
New post
UK Representative to Ireland
1939–1949
Succeeded by
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation Baron Rugby
1947–1969
Succeeded by
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