Каноэ Лайм Бэй катастрофа
50 ° 42′N 2 ° 54′W / 50,700 ° N 2,900 ° W катастрофа каноэ в заливе Лайм , Южная Англия, на залива Лайм произошла . 22 марта 1993 года Инцидент привел к реформам в том, как центры деятельности были аккредитованы в Соединенном Королевстве, а в Законе о центрах деятельности (безопасность молодых людей) 1995 года .
Инцидент
[ редактировать ]22 марта 1993 года, около 10 часов утра, группа из восьми школьников и их учитель из Southway Community College , Плимут сопровождали два инструктора из Outdoor Center St Albans во время поездки на каяке через Лайм -Бей из Лайма Регис в Чармут, [ 1 ] Расстояние около двух миль. [ 2 ]
Группа столкнулась с проблемами вскоре после выхода. Один из учеников, Дин Сайер, перевернулся, остается достаточно близко к берегу, чтобы встать. [ 1 ] Норман Поинтер, учитель группы, также уволил несколько раз, ведущий к одному из инструкторов, Тони Манна, оставаясь позади, чтобы помочь. [ 1 ] [ 3 ]
В то время как Тони Манн помогал учителю группы, Карен Гарднер, второй инструктор, собрал учеников вместе. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Группа быстро ушла от берега из -за северного, оффшорного ветра. [ 1 ] Когда группа ушла дальше от ветровой тени земли, государство моря ухудшилось, что заставило несколько каяков болоть водой и раковина, оставив пассажиров в воде. [1][2][3][5]
The St Albans Outdoor Centre handyman was due to meet the kayaking group at Charmouth.[1] At around 12:30 pm, when the pupils did not arrive, he reported them overdue to the centre's manager, Joe Stoddart. Stoddart did not immediately inform HM Coastguard and instead searched the coast in a rescue boat and then from the shore in his car.[1][2]
At 2:45 pm, a local fisherman found an empty kayak floating about 3 miles (4.8 km) south-west of Lyme Regis.[1] He radioed HM Coastguard Portland who tasked a Land Rover to search the bay from the cliffs.[2] At around 3 pm, when the group were more than three hours overdue, Joe Stoddart informed HM Coastguard of the missing party.[1][2][3]
At 4:20 pm HM Coastguard Portland tasked Lyme Regis Lifeboat and a Royal Navy helicopter to search for the group of kayakers.[2] Norman Pointer and Tony Mann were rescued by Lyme Regis Lifeboat at 5:11 pm while the remaining members of the group were rescued by the Royal Navy helicopter between 5:40 pm and 6:40 pm.[1][2][3]
Four of the group, Dean Sayer, Claire Langley, Simon Dunne and Rachel Walker, died as a result of the incident.[1] The coroner's verdict was that they had drowned.[5]
Inquest
[edit]The subsequent investigation resulted in Joe Stoddart and Peter Kite, the owner of the parent company of St Albans Outdoor Centre, being charged with manslaughter.[1] In the days after the incident, the two instructors were found to hold the lowest level of qualification offered by the British Canoe Union.[1][6]
In December 1994, Peter Kite was convicted to three years in prison for manslaughter through gross negligence.[7] This sentence was reduced on appeal to two years, and Kite was released from prison with remission after 14 months.[8][9] A previous employee of the outdoor centre had sent a letter to Peter Kite in the months prior to the incident warning of issues at the centre and stating "you might find yourselves trying to explain why someone’s son or daughter will not be coming home".[1][4]
OLL Ltd, formerly Active Learning and Leisure Ltd, was found guilty of corporate manslaughter and subsequently fined £60,000. The conviction of OLL Ltd was the first example of a successful corporate manslaughter prosecution in the United Kingdom.[10]
At trial, the jury failed to reach a verdict on Joe Stoddart and the prosecution decided against a retrial. As such, he was found not guilty of manslaughter at the direction of the judge.[7]
Aftermath
[edit]St Albans Outdoor Centre continued to operate in the months after the disaster. All water-based activities ended shortly afterwards when West Dorset District Council refused to renew the centre's license to launch boats at Lyme Regis until the inquest was held.[11] The centre ceased operations on 11 June 1993, with management citing a string of cancelled school bookings and insurance issues as the main causes for its closure.[12]
The centre's lease was then acquired by PGL Young Adventure Ltd, who intended to reopen it in 1994. However, after six months' notice, the company surrendered the lease in April 1994, owing to "uncertainties over legal action connected with the tragedy".[13] The owners, Joseph Allnatt Centres, sold the site in 1998 and it was run as the Woodberry Down Activity and Field Studies Centre into the 2010s.[14]
The entire site was demolished in 2016 to make way for housing.[15]
Legacy
[edit]This incident accelerated governmental discussions to end self-regulation of outdoor education centres. The Activity Centres (Young Persons’ Safety) Act 1995, introduced by Labour MP David Jamieson, was passed through Parliament in January 1995.[16] The bill mandated an independent licensing authority, the Adventure Activities Licensing Authority (AALA) be formed under the guidance of the Health and Safety Executive.[17]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Fatal catalogue of 'simple errors' | Tes Magazine". www.tes.com. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g "The School Canoe Tragedy: Schoolchildren's adventure at sea that". The Independent. 24 March 1993. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e "Adventure Activities Licensing Authority (AALA) – from Lyme Bay to licensing". 21 March 2012. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Centre received warnings months before teenagers died, court told Canoe tragedy 'was waiting to happen'". HeraldScotland. 16 November 1994. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Activity Centres (Young Persons' Safety) Bill Research Paper" (PDF). House of Commons Library. 24 January 1995. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
- ^ "The School Canoe Tragedy: Canoe instructors were not qualified". The Independent. 24 March 1993. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Boss is jailed over canoe deaths". The Independent. 9 December 1994. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
- ^ "Canoe tragedy manager has sentence cut". HeraldScotland. 9 February 1996. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
- ^ "Lyme Bay 'killer' to be freed from jail". The Independent. 9 February 1996. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
- ^ "Corporate killing: When could you be guilty?". Practical Law. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
- ^ «Школьная трагедия каноэ закрывается» . Western Daily Press . 9 июня 1993 г. с. 1–2 . Получено 8 апреля 2024 года - через британский газетный архив .
- ^ «Закрытие штаб -квартиры каноэ» . Ежедневное зеркало . 9 июня 1993 г. с. 5 Получено 8 апреля 2024 года - через британский газетный архив .
- ^ «Праздничная фирма покидает центр трагедии на каноэ» . Western Daily Press . 29 октября 1993 г. с. 9 Получено 8 апреля 2024 года - через британский газетный архив .
- ^ Маслен, Адрианн (25 августа 2010 г.). «Lyme Regis: проект 7,5 млн фунтов стерлингов« уничтожит »центр» . Bridport & Lyme Regis News . Получено 8 апреля 2024 года .
- ^ Бол, Дэвид (2 марта 2016 года). «Дома Блура дали разрешение снести бывший образовательный центр, чтобы добавить дома в Woodberry Down Development в Lyme Regis» . Bridport & Lyme Regis News . Получено 8 апреля 2024 года .
- ^ «Все, что вам нужно знать о службе лицензирования приключений (AAL)» . blog.papertrail.io . Получено 5 июня 2023 года .
- ^ «Информация для общественности - AALA - HSE» . www.hse.gov.uk. Получено 5 июня 2023 года .