Андрикус Криватор
| Андрикус Криватор | |
|---|---|
| |
Научная классификация 
| |
| Домен: | Эукариота |
| Королевство: | Животное |
| Филум: | Членистоногие |
| Сорт: | Инсекта |
| Заказ: | Hymenoptera |
| Семья: | Cynipidae |
| Genus: | Andricus |
| Species: | A. curvator
|
| Binomial name | |
| Andricus curvator | |
Андрикус Криватор - это желчная оса , которая образует химически индуцированные листовые галлы на дубах и имеет как агамические , так и сексуальные поколения. Агамические и сексуальные поколения обычно образуют две разные желчные галлы на дубах, но в случае A. curvator есть шесть галлов; Сексуальное поколение обычно на листе, иногда в ветке или катане, и агамическое поколение в бутоне. В 1840 году была описана WASP Theodor Hartig , немецкого биолога, и встречается в большинстве Европы.
Жизненный цикл
[ редактировать ]Adult gall wasps emerge in the spring, from galls formed on the bud the previous year. The spring generation lay eggs usually on a leaf, occasionally on a twig or on catkins and the leaf galls appear soon after the leaves emerge. They are approximately 8 mm, roughly globular and have thin walls with a small inner gall. They often coalesce and can clustered near the leaf base where they can cause distortion. Galls on a twig cause the twig to bend and it can also occur at the tip. These galls have an interior cavity which can be spherical or oval. A fourth sexual gall can also develop on the base of a catkin stalk and is up to 5 mm diameter. What remains of the catkin is bent 90° and can still be seen at the tip. The female wasp develop within the gall and emerge in May or June, laying her eggs on a young bud.[2][3]
Sometimes known as a collared gall the asexual gall is often concealed among the bud scales, and at first, are difficult to find. The scales may fall away, exposing a 3 mm, smooth, brown, skittle-shaped gall with a nipple-like tip, usually surrounded by a pale ring. In old galls the ring may not be seen. The wasp overwinters in the gall.[2][3]
The galls have been found on Algerian oak (Quercus canariensis), Turkey oak (Quercus cerris), Portuguese oak (Quercus faginea), Spanish oak (Quercus × hispanica), sessile oak (Quercus petraea), downy oak (Quercus pubescens), Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica) and pedunculate oak (Quercus robur).[4]
| Location of gall | Sexual/asexual | Photograph | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| Leaf | sexual |  |
Approximately 8 mm, roughly globular and have thin walls with a small inner gall. They often coalesce and can clustered near the leaf base where they can cause distortion. |
| Petiole | sexual |  |
|
| Twig | sexual |  |
Causes the twig to bend |
| End of twig | sexual | ||
| Catkin | sexual | Up to 5 mm in diameter. The remains of the catkin is bent 90° and can still be seen at the tip. | |
| Bud | asexual | Often concealed among the bud scales, and at first, difficult to find. The scales may fall away, exposing a 3 mm, smooth, brown, skittle-shaped gall with a nipple-like tip, usually surrounded by a pale ring. In old galls the ring may not be seen. The wasps overwinter in this gall. |
Distribution
[edit]The gall is found from Ireland to the Ukraine and from Fennoscandia to the Mediterranean.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b "Andricus curvator Hartig, 1840". Fauna Europaea. Retrieved 16 November 2019.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Chinery, Michael (2011). Britain's Plant Galls. Old Basing: WildGuides Ltd. p. 16. ISBN 978-190365743-0.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Редферн, Маргарет; Ширли, Питер; Боксхем, Майкл (2011). Британские растения галлы (второе изд.). Шрусбери: полевой учебный совет. С. 231–260. ISBN 978-185153-284-1 .
- ^ Elism, W N. " Andrrisus Curvator Hartig, 1840 на Qurecus , Agamoous Colortion" . Растительные паразиты Европы . Получить 16 ноября 2019 года .
Внешние ссылки
[ редактировать ]
СМИ, связанные с Андрикусом Криватором в Wikimedia Commons