Legendrea Loyezae
| Legendrea Loyezae | |
|---|---|
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Научная классификация 
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| Домен: | Эукариота |
| Клада : | Диафоретики |
| Clade: | SAR |
| Clade: | Alveolata |
| Phylum: | Ciliophora |
| Class: | Litostomatea |
| Order: | Haptorida |
| Family: | Spathidiidae |
| Genus: | Legendrea |
| Species: | L. loyezae
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| Binomial name | |
| Legendrea loyezae (Fauré-Fremiet, 1908)
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Legendrea Loyezae - это редкий вид пресноводного анаэробного ресничного велосипеда . Только шесть отчетов о образцах L. loyezae были опубликованы по состоянию на 2022 год. [ 1 ]
Таксономия
[ редактировать ]Филогенетический анализ частичной последовательности рибосомальной РНК L. loyezae 18S показывает, что она является членом семейства Spathidiidae и порядка гапториды . Это также более тесно связано с видами apertospathula ktemae семейства Apertospathulidae и Arcuospathidium sp. чем другие Spathidiidae. Последовательность также является сестринской группой для клады из трех эпипластидий . [ 1 ]
Описание
[ редактировать ]Legendrea Loyezae представляют собой одноклеточные организмы 75–120 микрометров (0,0030–0,0047 дюймов) длиной) и 40–55 микрометров (0,0016–0,0022 дюйма) шириной, и имеют яйцевидную и слегка сплюснутую по форме. У него есть равномерная ресничка на теле и полная выпуклость для полости рта (выпуклость, расположенная во рту ) с плотными рядами экстрам . Он обладает одним вытянутым, подковообразным макронуклеусом и сократительной вакуолой на заднем конце. [1]
Legendrea loyezae possesses 15–30 tentacles protruding from an indentation in its posterior, with 5–8 cilia in a ring and densely-packed, curved, needle-shaped extrusomes protruding from a vacuole on each tentacle tip. When swimming, these tentacles retract and trail behind the cell, which is heart-shaped due to the indentation; when stationary, the cell flattens against a surface such that it takes on a rounder shape and the tentacles fully extend, becoming narrower and reaching up to twice the length of the body. The vacuole also expands when the tentacles extend.[1]
Habitat and distribution
[edit]Legendrea loyezae occurs in freshwater anoxic (oxygen-free) sediments, such as that found in freshwater ponds.[1] Fauré-Fremiet's first account of their existence states they were first found in a pond near Paris, France.[2] In the second account of their existence, published by Eugene Penard, they were discovered in a marsh in Rouelbeau, Geneva.[3] In 2014, specimens were found in freshwater ponds in Germany. In 2021 and 2022, specimens were found in woodland freshwater lakes in Warsaw, Poland.[1]
Behavior
[edit]Feeding phase
[edit]When feeding, L. loyezae assumes its stationary form for days at a time to wait for prey. The cilia at the tip of the extended tentacles perform a "beating" motion, while the tip with extrusomes moved like "fish bait". In their 2022 article, Weiss et al. theorized that the tentacles capture prey in the extrusomes, then move it to the cytostome (mouth) to be ingested.[1]
Movement
[edit]During the feeding phase, L. loyezae were observed as not reacting to tapping or short bursts of UV light on the microscope slides they were residing on. However, it did move in response to the nearby presence of Monomorphina sp., a photosynthetic organism, likely in reaction to its production of oxygen. In such an event, L. loyezae can contract its tentacles in about 30 seconds, changing from its stationary form to its swimming form as it moves to an anoxic location where it may resume its feeding phase.[1]
Ecology
[edit]Legendrea loyezae is a free-living, non-parasitic organism. Endosymbiotic prokaryotes are present inside its cytoplasm.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Weiss, James; Andreou, Demetra; Esteban, Genoveva F. (2022). "The Extraordinarily Rare Ciliate Legendrea loyezae Fauré-Fremiet, 1908 (Haptoria, Ciliophora)". Protist. 173 (6): 125912. doi:10.1016/j.protis.2022.125912. PMID 36242851.
- ^ Fauré-Fremiet, Emmanuel (June 1908). "Sur deux Infusoires nouveaux de la famille des Trachelidae". Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France (in French). 33: 13–16.
- ^ Penard, Eugene (June 1914). "Un curieux Infusoire Legendrea bellerophon". Revue Suisse de Biologie (in French). 22 (13): 407–432. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.36673.