Итальянская народная партия (1919)

Итальянская народная вечеринка

Итальянская популярная вечеринка
Итальянская народная вечеринка Итальянская популярная вечеринка
Генеральный секретарь	Луиджи Штурзо ; (1919–1923) ; Альцид де Гаспери ; (1923–1925)
Основан	18 января 1919 года
Растворяется	5 ноября 1926 года
Слияние	Ueci , fuci , cc , ppt
Преуспевает	Christian Democracy
Headquarters	Rome
Newspaper	Corriere d'Italia (1906-1923); Il Popolo (1923-1925)
Ideology	Christian democracy; Popularism
Political position	Centre
Colours	White
Anthem	"O bianco fiore"
	Politics of Italy; Political parties; Elections;

Итальянская народная вечеринка ( итальянская : Partito Popolare Italiano , PPI ), также переведенная как итальянская популярная вечеринка , была христианской демократической ^{[ 3 ]} Политическая партия в Италии, вдохновленная католическим социальным обучением . ^{[ 4 ]} Он был активным в 1920-х годах, но развалился, потому что он был глубоко разделен между про- и антифашистскими элементами. Его платформа призвала к выбору в сенате, пропорциональном представительстве, корпоратизме, аграрной реформе, избирательном праве женщин, политической децентрализации, независимости католической церкви и социальным законодательством. ^{[ 5 ]}

История

Итальянская народная вечеринка была соучена в 1919 году Луиджи Штурзо , сицилийским католическим священником . PPI был поддержан Папой Бенедиктом XV, чтобы противостоять итальянской социалистической партии (PSI). ^{[ 6 ]} Партия поддержала различные социальные реформы, в том числе основы государства всеобщего благосостояния , избирательное право женщин и пропорциональное голосование. ^[6]

In the 1919 general election, the first in which the PPI took part, the party won 20.5% of the vote and 100 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, a result virtually confirmed in 1921. The PPI was the second largest Italian political party after the PSI at the time. Its heartlands were interior Veneto and north-western Lombardy. In 1919 the party won 42.6% in Veneto (49.4% in Vicenza), 30.1% in Lombardy (64.3% in Bergamo), 24.4% in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 27.3% in the Marche and 26.2% in Lazio, while it was much weaker in Piedmont and in Southern Italy.^[7]

The PPI was divided mainly into two factions: the "Christian Democrats" were favourable to an accord with the Socialists, while the "Moderate Clericalists" supported an alliance with the liberal parties,^{[citation needed]} which eventually happened. The latter included Alcide De Gasperi. Some Populars took part in Benito Mussolini's first government in 1922, leading the party to a division between opponents of Mussolini and those who supported him. The latter eventually joined the National Fascist Party.^{[citation needed]} Most of the PPI members later took part in Christian Democracy.

John Molony argues that, "In the end, "the Italian fascist state and the Vatican worked hand in hand to help destroy the People's Party." He adds that Liberals and the Socialists hated the PPI almost as much as the Fascists did and saw too late how necessary it was in the fight for democracy in Italy.^[8]

Ideology

The party's ideological sources were principally to be found in Catholic social teaching, the Christian democratic doctrines developed from the 19th century and on (see Christian democracy), the political thought of Romolo Murri and Luigi Sturzo. The Papal encyclical, Rerum novarum (1891) of Pope Leo XIII, offered a basis for social and political doctrine.

Electoral results

Election	Votes	%	Seats	+/–	Leader	Government
Chamber of Deputies
1919	1,167,354 (2nd)	20.5	100 / 508	–	Luigi Sturzo	Coalition
1921	1,347,305 (2nd)	20.4	108 / 535	8	Luigi Sturzo	Coalition
1924	645,789 (2nd)	9.0	39 / 535	69	Alcide De Gasperi	Opposition
1929	Banned	–	0 / 400	39	Alcide De Gasperi	Banned
1934	Banned	–	0 / 400	–	Alcide De Gasperi	Banned

References

^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Michael D. Driessen (2014). Religion and Democratization: Framing Religious and Political Identities in Muslim and Catholic Societies. Oxford University Press. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-19-932970-0.
^ Giuseppe Portonera. Euno (ed.). "Partito, Popolare, Italiano: tre caratteri fondamentali di una storia interrotta". Ho theológos. pp. 114–115.
^ Stanley G. Payne (1995). A History of Fascism, 1914–1945. Univ of Wisconsin Press. p. 88. ISBN 978-0-299-14874-4.
^ Maurizio Cotta; Luca Verzichelli (12 May 2007). Political Institutions of Italy. Oxford University Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-19-928470-2. Retrieved 24 August 2012.
^ Frank J. Coppa, ed., Dictionary of modern Italian history (Greenwood, 1985) p 209-10
^ Jump up to: ^a ^b Mark F. Gilbert; K. Robert Nilsson; Robert K. Nilsson (1 April 2010). The A to Z of Modern Italy. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 328. ISBN 978-0-8108-7210-3.
^ Piergiorgio Corbetta; Maria Serena Piretti, Atlante storico-elettorale d'Italia, Zanichelli, Bologna 2009.
^ John Molony, The Emergence of Political Catholicism in Italy: Partito Popolare 1919–1926 (1977) p. 12.

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История

Ideology

Electoral results

References

Further reading