Glomerdesida

Glomerdesida
	Termitodesmus ceylonicus
	Glomeridesmus trinidadensis
Научная классификация
Домен:	Эукариота
Королевство:	Животное
Филум:	Членистоногие
Субфилум:	Мириапода
Class:	Diplopoda
Subclass:	Chilognatha
Infraclass:	Pentazonia
Superorder:	Limacomorpha; Pocock, 1894
Order:	Glomeridesmida; Cook, 1895
Families
	Glomeridesmidae Latzel, 1884; Termitodesmidae Silvestri, 1911;

Glomeridesmida - это порядок Millipedes содержащей Infraclass, в пентазонии два семейства ( Glomeridesmidae и Termitodesmidae ) и не менее 35 описанных видов. ^{[ 1 ]} Glomeridesmida является единственным живым порядком Super Dorder Limacomorpha . ^{[ 2 ]}^{[ 3 ]} Glomeridesmidans также известны как слизняки Millipedes . ^{[ 4 ]}

Описание

Millipedes в этом порядке небольшие, обычно длиной от 4 до 8 мм (от 0,16 до 0,31 дюйма), при этом наибольшее достижение 15 мм (0,59 дюйма) в длину. ^{[ 2 ]} Эти Millipedes несколько сплющены, и, в отличие от других заказов пентазонии, не могут катиться в мяч. ^{[ 5 ]} Glomeridesmidans имеют антенны с семью сегментами, но слепые и не имеют omomtidia . Предпоследняя пара ног у мужчин модифицирована в телоподы. У большинства видов женщины имеют очень длинный яйца . ^{[ 2 ]}

Большинство взрослых женщин в этом порядке имеют 36 пар ног и 21 сегменты, подсчитывая 20 тергитов плюс анальный щит. ^{[ 2 ]} Male specimens in this order are rare, unknown for all species in the family Termitodesmidae, and known for only a small number of species in the family Glomeridesmidae.^[6] Descriptions of mature males in at least four species (Glomeridesmus spelaeus, G. siamensis, G. arcostriatus, and G. marmoreus) report 35 leg pairs, including a pair of telopods, and 20 segments, one fewer than the 21 segments found in adult females.^[6]^[1]^[7]^[8]

Some species, however, seem to deviate from the most common body plan. The description of an adult male of G. indus, for example, reports 37 pairs of legs, including a pair of telopods, and the same 21 segments normally found in adult females.^[9] Furthermore, the description of a species from another genus (Glomeridesmoides termitophilus) reports some deviations from the usual pattern, describing females with the usual 21 segments but only 35 leg pairs and two males with the same 21 segments (with 34 and 35 leg pairs, including a pair of telopods).^[7] Millipedes in this order develop by hemianamorphosis, with leg and segment number decoupled such that individuals may reach the full complement of one before the other.^[10]^[2]

Habitats

Millipedes in this order are typically found in soil or ground litter in forests.^[3] Two species (Glomeridesmus spelaeus and G. sbordonii), however, are known cave-dwellers and exhibit troglomorphic adaptations such as loss of pigment.^[6] The five known species of Termitodesmus (constituting the family Termitodesmidae) are even more unusual in that they are found only in termite mounds.^[2] Termitodesmidae is the only myriapod family known to depend on insects in such a commensal relationship.^[2]^[6]

Distribution

Millipedes in this order are found in tropical regions.^[5] The species in the family Glomeridesmidae are found in Middle and South America, India, Southeast Asia, the East Indies and Oceania, whereas those in the family Termitodesmidae are found in India, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam.^[2]