Джеймс Маккей (политик Новой Зеландии, родился в 1804 году)
Джеймс Маккей | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Член парламента Новой Зеландии Для города Нельсон | |
| В офисе 1853 –1855 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1804 Scotland |
| Died | (aged 71) Nelson, New Zealand |
| Political party | Independent |
| Relations | James Mackay (son) |
Джеймс Маккей (1804 - 29 мая 1875 г.) был новозеландским политиком. Он был членом 1 -й Новой Зеландии парламента . Его помнят за инцидент с Генри Сьюэллом в парламенте в 1854 году.
Ранний период жизни
[ редактировать ]Джеймс Маккей родился в 1804 году в Абердине , Шотландия, второго сына Александра Макки и Элспет (урожденный Дэвидсон). [ 1 ] Хотя его отец был владельцем крупной судоходной компании в Абердине, Джеймс заново изобрел себя рожденным и разводил горец, что является вероятной причиной для него, предполагая имя Маккей. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
В молодости он переехал в Лондон, где он работал в качестве банкира, вероятно, Ллойдсом, поскольку он оставался их агентом в Нельсоне до 1859 года. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Он изучал политическую экономию и директора свободной торговли под руководством Джона Рамсей МакКаллоха , которые, как он утверждал, означал, что он поддерживал все меры, которые имели прогрессивную тенденцию. Политически он участвовал в комитетах и активно поддерживал либеральные причины, такие как принятие законопроекта о реформе , которое дало большее избирательное право простым людям. [7]
Family and emigration to New Zealand
[edit]
In about 1831, when they were both 27, Mackay married Ann Charles. From 1829 to 1848 they had eight children, the first six being born in London and the youngest two in New Zealand. They also raised two sons of his late younger brother, who were born in Edinburgh.[8] At the end of 1844 the family embarked from London on the Slains Castle for Nelson, New Zealand.[9] Before leaving, Mackay commissioned a painting which portrays the family as highlanders departing Scotland in tartans and travel attire, stocked with sheep, calves, poultry, ploughs and other accoutrements required for starting a new life in a distant land.[4]
Arriving in Nelson in January 1845, Mackay established a farm in Wakapuaka, which he named Drumduan. He also had a town house, a sheep-run in the Wairau after 1847, and in 1852 he established a cattle and sheep-run in Golden Bay in conjunction with his eldest son James Mackay junior.[10]
Mackay soon became actively involved with local affairs, joining institutions and voicing his opinion at public meetings.[11][12] He joined the volunteer forces and had the rank of captain.[13] He was also a magistrate.[14]
Political career
[edit]When representative government was established in New Zealand in 1853, he became a member of the House of Representatives for the Town of Nelson.[7] He was also a member of the Provincial Council for the Town of Nelson from 1857 to 1861.[15]
| Years | Term | Electorate | Party | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1853–1855 | 1st | Town of Nelson | Independent | ||
In the 1st New Zealand Parliament, the Town of Nelson was a two-member electorate.[16] On nomination day on 25 July 1853, William Travers and Mackay were the only candidates put forward. They were thus declared elected unopposed.[7] Mackay served until the end of the first term in 1855, but did not serve in any subsequent Parliaments.[17]
Mackay is noted for his support of the Acting Governor, Robert Wynyard, who argued that it was not possible for Parliament to assume responsibility for governing New Zealand without royal assent. When Parliament disagreed, Wynyard officially prorogued it. Parliament responded by suspending its own standing orders. These orders required that messages from the Governor take precedence over other Parliamentary business.[18]
With the standing orders overturned, Wynyard's message could remain officially "unopened" while Parliament continued to function. Mackay, part of the minority who supported Wynyard, attempted to bypass this tactic by presenting a copy of The New Zealand Gazette which contained the prorogation order, shouting "you are no House, you are prorogued!". He then attempted to disrupt the business of Parliament until Henry Sewell (later to become New Zealand's first Premier) and another MP attempted to manhandle him out of the debating chamber. Mackay managed to escape, and (in the words of a contemporary) "beat an honourable retreat over the rail into the stranger's gallery, waving defiance to his assailants with his trusty umbrella." Mackay was later found guilty of "gross and premeditated contempt of the House".[18]
Later life and death
[edit]Mackay was a close friend of the Native Secretary Donald McLean. Through his contact he assisted his eldest son, James Mackay junior, to enter Government service. James junior became an Assistant Native Secretary in 1857, and from 1859 to 1860 purchased Kaikōura and the West Coast from Māori on behalf of the General Government. In 1863 he became commissioner for the Hauraki District, in 1867 he opened the Thames district for gold mining, and in 1875 he extended the goldfield by negotiating with Māori for access to the Ohinemuri district. He also acted as a general trouble shooter for the Government during times of conflict with the Māori of the North Island.[19]
The eldest of the two nephews raised by Mackay, Alexander, also entered Government service. He was appointed commissioner of Native Reserves (firstly for the South Island then for the entire country), commissioner of the South Island Native District, and returning officer for the Southern Maori electoral seat for the House of Representatives. Most notably, from 1884 until he retired in 1902 he was a judge for the Native Land Court.[20][21]
Mackay's wife Anne died in 1860 at the age of 56.[22] In 1862 he married Ann Adney Shuckburgh, who was 20 years his junior.[23] They had two daughters, born in 1863 and 1864.[24][25] He spent his later years farming, and though still taking an active interest in local politics, he was reluctant to re-enter public office.[26][27] In early 1874 he fell from a loaded cart while working on his farm. The injury to his back, though it seemed minor at the time, grew into a tumour which eventually left him paralyzed. He died in May 1875 at the age of 71.[12]
Mackay and his first wife are buried at St Andrew's Church in Wakapuaka. The church no longer exists, and the churchyard was designated an historic site by Waimea County Council in 1975.[28]
Notes
[edit]- ^ "Scotland Births and Baptisms, 1564–1950: James Mackie, 25 Jun 1804; citing SAINT NICHOLAS,ABERDEEN,ABERDEEN,SCOTLAND, reference ; FHL microfilm 991,137". FamilySearch. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- ^ "Obituary". Auckland Star. Vol. XXII, no. 143. 18 June 1891. p. 7. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- ^ Pedersen 2017, loc. 1398–1407.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "'The Emigrants' by William Allsworth". Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- ^ "Lloyd's Agency". The Colonist. Vol. III, no. 228. 27 December 1859. p. 2. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- ^ Pedersen 2017, loc. 1405.
- ^ Jump up to: a b c "Election Intelligence". Nelson Examiner. Vol. XII, no. 595. 30 July 1853. p. 2. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- ^ Pedersen 2017, loc. 1418.
- ^ "Early Settlers Database: Slains Castle". Nelson Provincial Museum. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- ^ Pedersen 2017, loc. 1422.
- ^ "Public Meeting". Nelson Examiner. Vol. VI, no. 272. 22 May 1847. p. 47. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- ^ Jump up to: a b "Death of Mr. James Mackay". Nelson Evening Mail. Vol. X, no. 129. 31 May 1875. p. 2. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- ^ Cyclopedia Company Limited 1906, p. 32.
- ^ "Local Intelligence". Nelson Examiner. Vol. IV, no. 180. 16 August 1845. p. 94. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 213.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 161.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 123.
- ^ Jump up to: a b Wilson & Rankin 1998.
- ^ Pedersen 2017, loc. 1399,1557,1664,4486,4913,6181.
- ^ Armstrong 1993.
- ^ Pedersen 2017, loc. 4920,5219,5234,5257.
- ^ "Died". Nelson Examiner. Vol. XIX, no. 96. 24 November 1860. p. 2. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- ^ "Marriages". The Colonist. Vol. V, no. 484. 13 June 1862. p. 2. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- ^ "Births". The Colonist. Vol. VI, no. 562. 13 March 1863. p. 2. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- ^ "Birth". The Colonist. Vol. VIII, no. 733. 4 November 1864. p. 2. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- ^ "The Council Vacancy for the City". The Colonist. Vol. X, no. 719. 5 April 1867. p. 3. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- ^ "Nomination at Wakapuaka". The Colonist. Vol. X, no. 734. 11 June 1867. p. 3. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- ^ "St Andrews Church and early Wakapuaka". The Prow. Retrieved 16 February 2011.
References
[edit]- Armstrong, David A. "Mackay, Alexander". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- Cyclopedia Company Limited (1906). Циклопедия Новой Зеландии: провинциальные районы Нельсона, Мальборо и Уэстленд . КРИСТЧЕС: Cyclopedia Company Limited . Получено 16 февраля 2011 года .
- Педерсен, Маркус (2017). Великие экспедиции: путешествия Джона Рохфорта, Джеймса Маккея и Юлиуса Хааста на западном побережье Южного острова, Новая Зеландия, 1859–60 . Греймут, Новая Зеландия: Toro Press. ISBN 978-0-473-40254-9 .
- Scholefield, Guy (1950) [Первое изд. Опубликовано 1913]. Новозеландская парламентская запись, 1840–1949 гг. (3 -е изд.). Веллингтон: Правительство. Принтер.
- Уилсон, Дэвид; Ранкин, Кэрол (1998). Рассказы о двух соревнованиях . Управление секретаря Палаты представителей. ISBN 0-477-01812-2 .