Palemonids
Палмоны были легендарной . династией Великого Литвы Герцогства Легенда родилась в 15 -м или 16 -м веке как доказательство того, что литовцы и великое герцогство были римского происхождения . Ян Длугош (1415–1480) писал, что литовцы были римского происхождения, но не предоставили никаких доказательств. Легенда впервые записана во втором издании литовских хроников, произведенных в 1530 -х годах. [ 1 ] В то время великое герцогство Литвы ссорилось с Королевством Польши , отвергая заявления о том, что Польша цивилировала язычника и варварской Литвы. Литовское дворянство , чтобы правящая династия проявилась в том, что единственные доступные хроники в то время были написаны тевтоническими рыцарями , давним врагом и изображены Гедимины , предок династии Гедиминидов , как хозяин почувствовала необходимость в том Vytenis . [ 2 ]
In this new Lithuanian chronicle, Palemon (sometimes identified as Polemon II of Pontus), a relative of Roman emperor Nero, escaped Rome together with 500 noble families. The company traveled north, through the Baltic Sea, and reached the Nemunas Delta. After that they decided to sail upstream until they reached the mouth of Dubysa. There, the Palemonids settled on a large hill (now known as the Palemon Hill) and ruled the country for generations until the Gediminids emerged.[1] The chronicle skipped Mindaugas and Traidenis, attested Grand Dukes of Lithuania, entirely.[2] It incorporated the account of the Gediminid line from the first edition. To make the story more believable, the chronicler presented a very detailed account of the journey. Because there were not enough generations to cover the gap between the 1st century when Palemon arrived and the 14th century when Gediminas died, the third edition of the chronicle, also known as the Bychowiec Chronicle, placed Palemon in the 5th century instead of the 1st, when Rome was devastated by Attila the Hun,[1] and included Mindaugas and other attested dukes. But it was not enough and historians like Maciej Stryjkowski and Kazimierz Kojałowicz-Wijuk moved the account further, into the 10th century.[3] Многочисленные противоречивые версии легенды выживают по сей день, когда историки пытались разладить некоторые очевидные ошибки и сделать их более исторически обоснованными.
The first to critically evaluate and reject the legend was historian Joachim Lelewel in 1839.[4] At the end of the 19th century there were some attempts, for example in a history written by Maironis, to tie the legend with the expansion of the Vikings.[1] While many historians up until the dawn of the 20th century believed the legend to be true, it is now largely discarded as a fictional story that only serves to illustrate political ideology in the 16th-century Lithuania.[5]
A neighborhood in Kaunas is named after Palemonids – Palemonas.
Genealogical tree according to the second edition of the Lithuanian Chronicles
[edit]| Palemon Polemon II of Pontus, or in alternative versions hailing from the Colonna family or from Republic of Venice | ||||||||||||||||||
| Borkus Duke of Samogitia Founder of Jurbarkas |
Kunos Duke of Aukštaitija Founder of Kaunas |
Spera Duke of Eastern Lithuania Name: Lake Spėra | ||||||||||||||||
| Daumantas Duke of Deltuva From Centaurus family |
Kernius Duke of Lithuania Founder of Kernavė |
Gimbutas Duke of Samogitia | ||||||||||||||||
| Montvilas Duke of Samogitia | ||||||||||||||||||
| Kiras Duke of Deltuva |
Pajauta ♀ Name: valley in Kernavė |
Nemunas Name: Nemunas |
Erdvilas Duke of Naugardukas |
Skirmantas | Vykintas Duke of Samogitia | |||||||||||||
| Mingaila Duke of Naugardukas and Polockas |
Živinbudas Duke of Samogitia | |||||||||||||||||
| Kukovaitis Duke of Lithuania |
Skirmantas Duke of Naugardukas, Pinsk, Turov, etc. |
Ginvilas Duke of Polockas |
Kukovaitis Duke of Samogitia | |||||||||||||||
| Traidenis Grand Duke of Naugardukas |
Liubartas Grand Duke of Karachev |
Pisimantas Duke of Turov |
Rogvolodas Duke of Polockas | |||||||||||||||
| Algimantas Duke of Naugardukas |
Gleb Duke of Polockas |
Paraskeva ♀ | ||||||||||||||||
| Utenis Duke of Lithuania and Samogitia Founder of Utena |
Ryngold Duke of Naugardukas | |||||||||||||||||
| Vaišvilkas Duke of Naugardukas | ||||||||||||||||||
| Šventaragis Grand Duke of Lithuania Name: valley in Vilnius | ||||||||||||||||||
| Skirmantas Grand Duke of Lithuania | ||||||||||||||||||
| Trabus Duke of Samogitia |
Koliginas Duke of Lithuania and Rus' | |||||||||||||||||
| Romanas Grand Duke of Lithuania | ||||||||||||||||||
| Narimantas Grand Duke of Lithuania |
Daumantas | Olshan Ancestor of Alšėniškiai |
Giedrius Ancestor of Giedraitis family |
Traidenis Grand Duke of Lithuania | ||||||||||||||
| Rimantas Grand Duke of Lithuania | ||||||||||||||||||
| Source: Jučas, Mečislovas (2003). Lietuvos metraščiai ir kronikos (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Aidai. p. 53. ISBN 9955-445-40-8. The table was prepared according to the second edition of the Lithuanian Chronicles, the so-called transcription of the Archaeological Society. Other editions, transcriptions, chronicles, and later historians presented significantly different genealogical trees.
Note: Darker shaded cells represent dukes who share their names with real historical figures. Dukes with the title Grand Duke of Lithuania ruled the unified country: i.e. they ruled Lithuania, Samogitia, and Rus'. | ||||||||||||||||||
See also
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Ссылки
[ редактировать ]- ^ Jump up to: а беременный в дюймовый Ivinski, Zenon (1953-1966). "Палмон". Литовская энциклопедия (у литовской). Тол. 21. Бостон, Массачусетс: издатели литовской энциклопедии. Стр. 400-401. LCCN 55020366 .
- ^ Jump up to: а беременный Ivinski, Zenon (1953-1966). "Ежегодники". Литовская энциклопедия (у литовской). Тол. 18. Бостон, Массачусетс: издательство литовской энциклопедии. Стр. 307-310. LCCN 55020366 .
- ^ Джонинас, Игнас (1936). Беркус. В валовас Биржишка (ред.). Литовская энциклопедия (у литовской). Тол. 4. Каунас: Пресс -фонд. Стр. 251-255.
- ^ Juichas, Mečislovas (2000). Литовский и польский союз (в литовском языке). Эхо. п. 240. ISBN 9986-590-95-7 .
- ^ Rowell, SC (1994). Восхождение Литвы: языческая империя в Восточной Центральной Европе, 1295-1345 . Кембридж изучает средневековую жизнь и мысль: четвертая серия. Издательство Кембриджского университета. п. 41. ISBN 978-0-521-45011-9 .