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Кицелас, Британская Колумбия

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Координаты : 54 ° 35'59 "N 128 ° 2705" с 54,566639 ° N / 54,5666639; -128.45139

Козел
железнодорожная точка
Кицелас, Британская Колумбия расположена в Британской Колумбии
Кицелас, Британская Колумбия
Расположение Кицелы в Британской Колумбии
Координаты: 54 ° 35'59 "N 128 ° 2705" с 54,566639 ° N / 54,5666639; -128.45139
Страна Канада
Провинция Британская Колумбия
Область Sth
Региональный район Kinti -tyikine
Часовой пояс UTC-8 ( PST )
• Лето ( DST ) UTC-7 (PDT)
Области коды 250 , 778, 236 и 672
WaterwaysSkeena River

Кицелас - это железнодорожная точка на северо -западном берегу реки Скина в регионе Скина в Западной Центральной Британской Колумбии , Канада. [ 1 ] Бывшим названием был Ванарсдол. Через Скину на юго -запад находится устье реки Зиметц (обычно называемая медной рекой). Этот речный мост на шоссе до н.э. 16 находится на дороге примерно в 10 километрах (6 миль) к северо -востоку от террасы .

Железная дорога

[ редактировать ]

Гранд -туловища Тихоокеанской железной дороги (GTP) рассмотрел два маршрута между современной Telkwa и этой окрестности. Один был через реки Telkwa и Zymoetz, а другой - через реку Блкли и Хейзелтон . Хотя первое было на 129 километров (80 миль) короче, правительство BC повлияло на решение выбрать последнее. [ 2 ]

В начале ноября 1910 года на восток продвижение GTP Rail Head от принца Руперта прошло через милю 100 (Ванарсдол), [ 3 ] достигая Ньютауна [ 4 ] в миле 102 (западный конец туннелей), [ 5 ] где он остановился более года. После того, как Фоли, Уэлч и Стюарт (FW & S), первоклассный подрядчик GTP, передал контроль над линией к западу от Ванарсдола GTP (которая началась запланированная служба в июне 1911 года), [6] the construction work east of that point was regarded as the ongoing extension.[7] In mid-January 1912, the FW&S Newtown temporary terminal ceased to exist when tracklaying proceeded through the tunnels.[8]

Vanarsdol station was named after Cassius Cash Van Arsdol, GTP chief engineer.[9] His directive to the route surveyors, especially for the Canadian Rockies segment, was to ensure the grade did not to exceed four-tenths of one percent. Consequently, his nickname thereafter was "Four-tenths Van".[10]

By 1911, the Copper River siding existed.[11] The planned station locations in the vicinity had been Kitsum, Copper River, and Kitselas.[12] Stations quickly eventuated at Littleton (Terrace) (but not Kitsum just to the west) and at Vanarsdol (rather than opposite old Kitselas (Kitselas Canyon), but not for the Copper River siding at Stewart's Landing.[13] Later that decade, the latter opened as the Dobies station.

In the 1936 flood, the Canadian National Railway (CN) pumphouse stopped working and the foundations of the railway depot and water tower were so badly undercut, that the structures were overhanging the river.[14]

Train Timetables (Regular stop or Flag stop)
Mile 1914 1920 1925 1932 1935 1943 1950 1956 1960 1965 1970 1974 1975 1980 1985 1988 1989
[15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [15] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] [30] [31]
Terrace 1663.3 Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg.
Dobies 1659.0 Flag a Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag
Vanarsdol 1657.7 Flag Flag Flag Flag Reg.
Kitselas 1657.7 Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag
Mileage 125.7 1657.2 Flag Flag Flag Flag
Usk 1650.7 Flag Flag Reg. Reg. Reg. Both Reg. Reg. Reg. Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag
Royal Lumber 1646.4 Flag
Pitman 1644.0 Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag
Pacific 1638.5 Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Reg. Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag Flag

^a . A flag stop from at least 1918, which continued throughout the 1920s.[32]

Newtown

[edit]

Newtown referred to the temporary railway terminal vicinity on the west shore.[33] This more significant construction camp is best regarded as a general area rather than a specific place. In 1911, Frank Bowness opened a restaurant and bunkhouse,[34] which unlikely survived much beyond that year.

The earlier use of Newtown to designate a First Nation reserve[35] could refer to either the Kitselas 1[36] or Kshish 4[37] or both.

Kitselas (formerly Vanarsdol)

[edit]
This section is about the present railway point of Kitselas. For the former canyon hamlet of Kitselas, see Kitselas Canyon.

This location on the northwest side of the Skeena is surrounded by the Kitselas Kshish First Nation Reserve 4. The First Nations school, which existed 1904–1959[38] at Vanarsdol,[39] was initially administered by the Methodist mission.[40] Fire destroyed the schoolhouse in 1933[41] and its vacant replacement in 2010.[42]

The earliest newspaper mention of the Vanarsdol place name is June 1911.[6] The post office existed 1913–1927.[43]

About 1924, William Hagan opened the Vanarsdol Lumber Co and his wife Wilhelmina opened a general store, which contained the post office.[9] In 1927, fire destroyed the Hagan sawmill, adjacent buildings, and 180,000 metres (600,000 ft) of lumber.[44] A mention of the mill site as Copper City in 1928 is likely a reference to the general area.[45]

In 1931, the rebuilt mill diversified into box making.[46] Strawberry crops also thrived.[47] The sawmill operated at least until the mid-1930s.[48]

Dobies

[edit]

This location was on the northwest side of the Skeena, downstream from the Zymoetz River. In the 1890s, pioneer settlers John (David) Stuart and family arrived. On their homestead, they developed an exceptional orchard.[49] Steamboats called at Stuart Landing for cordwood fuel. Simeon Wilson Dobbie came in 1898 and married Jemima Stuart in 1905. The Dobbies purchased part of the Stuart property in 1908, and the wharf became Dobbie Landing.[50] Ferries, a railway flag stop, and a school have existed in the vicinity.

Copper City

[edit]

In 1908, William John Sanders, prospector and Sergeant-at-arms in the BC Legislature, chose the name of Copper City for the new townsite, which would occupy 118 hectares (292 acres) of his 523-hectare (1,292-acre) property immediately south of the Zymoetz River mouth.[51] In 1909, a Prince Rupert syndicate paid $45,000 for over 40 hectares (100 acres) of the site for immediate marketing.[52]

In 1907, Harry Creech opened a hotel.[53] He was the inaugural Copper River postmaster 1909–1914[54] and also ran a general store.[12] In 1909, a second general store opened,[55] which Percy Ralph Skinner and his brother ran[12] as a HBC agency.[56]

In 1910, W.J. Sanders built a hotel.[57] By 1913, no hotels operated.[58] In 1915, the school opened.[59][60] In 1929, a new schoolhouse was erected. The former one had been a small frame building with broken windows and no toilets.[61] The one-room school stood in the Dobies area on the northwest side of the Skeena.[62]

In the early 1930s, the only outside road link was with Terrace.[63]

Eastward View of Copperside Estates, 2011.

In 1950, the school closed.[64] The post office closed in 1956,[54] and the Skinner family store existed at least until this time.[65]

Copperside Estates

[edit]

About 1971, the Copperside Estates subdivision opened[66] immediately north of the Zymoetz River mouth.

In 1994, the Copperside Stables were established.[67]

In 2019, a hydraulic hose failed on a BC Hydro truck, resulting in a 10-to-15-litre (2.2 to 3.3 imp gal; 2.6 to 4.0 US gal) spill of hydraulic fluid in the area. The private Copper Estates water system provider advised the almost 400 residents to avoid using their water for about a week because the spill occurred close to a well.[68] Boil water advisories prompted residents in 2021 to request the regional district take over the water supply system.[69]

The current passenger transit provider is BC Transit.[70]

Ferries

[edit]

Stewart Ferry across the Skeena

[edit]

Stuart Landing (alternative spelling Stewart) was also a ferry location. Existing from the 1890s, Stewart's Ferry was different from the Copper River mouth locale, which suggests a positioning distinctly to the southwest.[71] This ferry operated into the earlier years of the following century.[72]

Copper City Ferry across the Skeena

[edit]

In 1908, a subsidized[73] two-year ferry charter covering 3.2 kilometres (2 mi) up and downstream was tendered.[74] No evidence exists that any such service began. W.J. Saunders installed and commenced a reaction ferry in 1910.[75][76] However, residents would have preferred the government operate the service.[77]

The new 4.5-tonne; 4.5-long-ton (5-short-ton) ferry installed in 1923–24 was operated by residents rather than a government employee.[78] The northwest ferry dock was in the general vicinity of Dobies station.[79]

In 1933, an automobile overran the far end of the ferry while loading, and the three passengers inside drowned.[80] In 1934, a new ferry operator residence was built.[12] In 1938–39, two new landing pontoons were constructed.[81]

During flooding in 1945, the ferry lost its northern landing pontoon.[82] In 1947–48, a new 9.1-tonne; 8.9-long-ton (10-short-ton) ferry with steel pontoons was installed.[83]

In 1950, spring floods damaged the ferry.[84] During winters, a rowboat was employed.[85] When the ice thickness was sufficient, an ice crossing served pedestrians.[86]

Around 1969, the ferry was discontinued,[87] which ended road access to Kitselas.

Lower Copper River Ferry

[edit]

By the 1920s, a cable crossing existed 5 to 6 kilometres (3 to 4 mi) from the river mouth.[88] It is unclear if the basket ferry operating at least 1927–1934 was at this or another location.[89]

About 3 kilometres (2 mi) from the mouth, a one-lane bridge dating from the early 1910s[90] was replaced in 1929.[88]

Upper Copper River Ferry

[edit]

About 45 kilometres (28 mi) from the mouth, an aerial passenger ferry existed in 1914,[91] which was upgraded to a ferry in 1921.[88][92]

Maps

[edit]
  • Kitsalas complete map. 1914.[93]
  • Resources near Terrace cropped map. 1925.[9]
  • "Standard Oil BC map". www.davidrumsey.com. 1937.
  • "Shell BC map". www.davidrumsey.com. 1956.

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ "Kitselas (railway point)". BC Geographical Names.
  2. ^ Lower 1939, p. 75 (67).
  3. ^ "Prince Rupert Optimist". library.ubc.ca. 12 Nov 1910. p. 7.
  4. ^ "Omineca Herald". library.ubc.ca. 3 Dec 1910. p. 1.
  5. ^ "Fort George Tribune". pgnewspapers.pgpl.ca. 31 Dec 1910. p. 1.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b "Gazette". www.newspapers.com. 15 Jun 1911. p. 9.
  7. ^ "Omineca Miner". library.ubc.ca. 2 Dec 1911. p. 1.
  8. ^ "Omineca Herald". library.ubc.ca. 19 Jan 1912. p. 1.
  9. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Vanarsdol". www.gent.name.
  10. ^ Lower 1939, pp. 141–142 (132–133).
  11. ^ "Prince Rupert Journal". library.ubc.ca. 31 Mar 1911. p. 6.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b c d "Copper City". www.gent.name.
  13. ^ "Omineca Miner". library.ubc.ca. 2 Sep 1911. p. 1.
  14. ^ Septer 2007, p. 33.
  15. ^ Jump up to: a b "Timetable" (PDF). streamlinermemories.info. 28 Apr 1943. p. 62 (TT226).
  16. ^ Timetable. 1 Mar 1914. p. 15 (TT14).
  17. ^ Timetable. 3 Oct 1920. p. 12.
  18. ^ Timetable. Jan 1925. p.106 (TT156)
  19. ^ Timetable. 1932. p.58 (TT226)
  20. ^ Timetable. 1935. p.60 (TT226)
  21. ^ "Timetable". www.scribd.com. 30 Apr 1950. p. 59 (TT226).
  22. ^ "Timetable" (PDF). streamlinermemories.info. 30 Sep 1956. p. 55 (TT138).
  23. ^ "Timetable" (PDF). streamlinermemories.info. 30 Oct 1960. p. 54 (TT139).
  24. ^ "Timetable". pre.timetableworld.com. 25 Apr 1965. p. 41 (TT92A).
  25. ^ "Timetable". pre.timetableworld.com. 7 Jan 1970. p. 29 (TT50).
  26. ^ "Timetable". pre.timetableworld.com. 27 Apr 1974. p. 18 (TT49).
  27. ^ "Timetable". pre.timetableworld.com. 26 Oct 1975. p. 11 (TT16).
  28. ^ "Timetable". pre.timetableworld.com. 3 Feb 1980. p. 41 (TT57).
  29. ^ "Timetable". pre.timetableworld.com. 1 Jun 1985. p. 49 (TT39).
  30. ^ "Timetable". pre.timetableworld.com. 30 Oct 1988. p. 55.
  31. ^ "Timetable". pre.timetableworld.com. 30 Apr 1989. p. 55.
  32. ^ "1918 BC Directory". www.bccd.vpl.ca.
    to "1932 BC Directory". www.bccd.vpl.ca.
  33. ^ "Omineca Herald". library.ubc.ca. 15 Jul 1911. p. 7.
  34. ^ "Daily News (Prince Rupert)". library.ubc.ca. 20 Nov 1911. p. 1.
  35. ^ "Prince Rupert Optimist". library.ubc.ca. 15 Feb 1911. p. 4.
  36. ^ "Kitselas 1 (reserve)". BC Geographical Names.
  37. ^ "Kshish 4 (reserve)". BC Geographical Names.
  38. ^ "List of Federal Indian Day Schools" (PDF). indiandayschools.com. p. 10.
  39. ^ "Omineca Miner". library.ubc.ca. 1 Jan 1916. p. 1.
  40. ^ "1918 BC Directory". www.bccd.vpl.ca.
  41. ^ "Province". www.newspapers.com. 20 Jan 1933. p. 1. …the destruction by fire of the Indian Mission School at Kitselas…
  42. ^ "Terrace Standard". www.newspapers.com. 28 Apr 2010. p. 8. A piece of First Nations history burned to the ground… school was used in the 1930s and 1940s by Kitselas students who lived on the reserve before shutting down in the 1950s when families moved to Terrace…
  43. ^ "Postmasters (Vanarsdol)". www.bac-lac.gc.ca.
  44. ^ "Prince George Citizen". pgnewspapers.pgpl.ca. 7 Jul 1927. p. 1.
  45. ^ "Interior News". www.newspapers.com. 31 Oct 1928. p. 6. Interior mills that have operated throughout the year…Vanarsdol Lumber Co., Copper City.
  46. ^ "Vancouver Sun". www.newspapers.com. 8 May 1931. p. 8. Hagan's mill at Vanarsdol…will make a speciality of box wood for the fish…and fruit business..
  47. ^ "Interior News". www.newspapers.com. 15 Jul 1931. p. 6.
  48. ^ "Terrace News" (PDF). core.ac.uk. 5 Jun 1935. p. 3.
  49. ^ "John "David" Stuart Bio". www.gent.name.
  50. ^ "Stuart and Dobbie's Landing". www.terracelibrary.ca.
  51. ^ "Daily Colonist". archive.org. 23 Apr 1908. p. 7.
  52. ^ "Daily Colonist". archive.org. 25 Apr 1909. p. 3.
  53. ^ "Victoria Daily Times". www.newspapers.com. 6 Nov 1907. p. 2. Harvey Creech…to look after the opening of a hotel which he is starting at Copper River City.
  54. ^ Jump up to: a b "Postmasters (Copper River)". www.bac-lac.gc.ca.
  55. ^ "Calgary Albertan". www.newspapers.com. 22 Nov 1909. p. 2.
  56. ^ "Terrace Standard". www.newspapers.com. 4 May 1994. p. 28.
  57. ^ "Daily Colonist". archive.org. 5 Jul 1910. p. 11.
  58. ^ Minister of Lands annual report, 1913. library.ubc.ca (Report). p. 426 (D361).
  59. ^ Stortz 1988, p. 83 (71).
  60. ^ Public Schools annual report, 1914–15. library.ubc.ca (Report). p. A42.
  61. ^ Stortz 1988, p. 118 (106).
  62. ^ "Terrace Standard". www.newspapers.com. 15 May 1996. p. 17.
    "Terrace Standard". www.newspapers.com. 6 Mar 1996. p. 18. …Copper City – the school was on Dobie's property across the river from Skinner's Corner
  63. ^ "Northern Sentinel". www.newspapers.com. 9 Aug 1957. p. 10. In 1933…the only road…was an 8-mile stretch from Terrace to Copper City and about 20 miles between Lakelse and Kitsumkalum Lakes.
  64. ^ Public Schools annual report, 1949–50. library.ubc.ca (Report). p. O160.
  65. ^ "1955 Prince Rupert Directory". www.bccd.vpl.ca.
  66. ^ "Terrace Herald" (PDF). core.ac.uk. 8 Mar 1971. p. 7.
  67. ^ "Terrace Standard". www.newspapers.com. 27 Apr 1994. p. 8.
  68. ^ "Terrace Standard". www.terracestandard.com. 17 Jan 2020.
  69. ^ "Terrace Standard". www.terracestandard.com. 28 Jan 2021.
  70. ^ "Route 14: Gitaus/Queensway". www.bctransit.com.
  71. ^ Commissioner of Land and Works annual report, 1899. library.ubc.ca (Report). p. 102 (380).
  72. ^ Department of Agriculture annual report, 1902. library.ubc.ca (Report). p. 104 (A91).
  73. ^ Commissioner of Land and Works annual report, 1907–08. library.ubc.ca (Report). p. H35.
  74. ^ "Week". library.ubc.ca. 9 May 1908. p. 6.
  75. ^ Clapp, Frank A. (1991). Ministry of Transportation and Highways, Lake and River Ferries. Ministry of Transportation and Highways. p. 18. ISBN 0-7726-1364-8.
  76. ^ "Prince Rupert Optimist". library.ubc.ca. 27 Jul 1910. p. 2.
    "Prince Rupert Journal". library.ubc.ca. 9 Aug 1910. p. 3.
  77. ^ "Daily Colonist". archive.org. 8 Aug 1911. p. 14.
  78. ^ Minister of Public Works annual report, 1923–24. library.ubc.ca (Report). pp. 7, 37 (L7, L23).
  79. ^ Minister of Mines annual report, 1927. library.ubc.ca (Report). p. 134 (C123).
  80. ^ "Province". www.newspapers.com. 20 Jun 1933. p. 1. …Mildred Clarke, 18; Gerald Clarke, 12; and George Dobbie, 12, all of Copper City, who were drowned in the Skeena River…when an automobile plunged from the government ferry. Harry Clarke…while driving on to the ferry…over-ran the apron…
  81. ^ Minister of Public Works annual report, 1938–39. library.ubc.ca (Report). p. 39 (Z29).
  82. ^ Septer 2007, p. 46.
  83. ^ Minister of Public Works annual report, 1947–48. library.ubc.ca (Report). p. 45 (N29).
  84. ^ Septer 2007, p. 55.
  85. ^ Minister of Highways annual report, 1958–59. library.ubc.ca (Report). p. G61.
    "Minister of Highways annual report, 1961–62". library.ubc.ca. p. J104.
  86. ^ Minister of Highways annual report, 1964–65. library.ubc.ca (Report). p. C106.
    Minister of Highways annual report, 1965–66. library.ubc.ca (Report). p. C106.
  87. ^ Министр годового доклада на шоссе 1968–69 . Library.ubc.ca (отчет). п. C122.
  88. ^ Jump up to: а беременный в "Медный речный мост" . www.gent.name .
  89. ^ Годовой отчет об государственных счетах, 1927–28 . Library.ubc.ca (отчет). п. 289 (T253).
    к Годовой отчет об государственных счетах, 1933–34 . Library.ubc.ca (отчет). п. 217 (L185).
  90. ^ Годовой отчет министра шахт 1914 года . Library.ubc.ca (отчет). п. 126 (K115).
  91. ^ Годовой отчет министра шахт 1914 года . Library.ubc.ca (отчет). С. 136–137 (K124–125).
  92. ^ Годовой отчет министра шахт 1921 года . Library.ubc.ca (отчет). п. 106 (G94).
  93. ^ Годовой отчет министра шахт 1914 года . Library.ubc.ca (отчет). п. 132.

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